体育参与对主观幸福感的影响--基于社会学实证研究

主观幸福感一直以来是学术界和社会所关注的热点话题,也是人们生活质量水平的重要体现。研究旨在探析体育参与对主观幸福感的影响关系,以及社会交往、身体健康状况、阶层认同和社会经济地位在其影响关系中的中介效果与调节效果。结果显示:参与体育锻炼的程度越高,获得的主观幸福感越强;社会交往和身体健康状况在参与体育锻炼对主观幸福感的影响关系中起部分中介作用,阶层认同和社会经济地位调节参与体育锻炼对主观幸福感的影响关系。同时,观看体育比赛的程度越高,获得的主观幸福感越强;社会交往和身体健康状况在观看体育比赛对主观幸福感的影响关系中起部分中介作用,阶层认同和社会经济地位调节观看体育比赛对主观幸福感的影响关系。研究揭示了体育参与、社会学因素对主观幸福感的影响,为促进全民健身和增强人们的主观幸福感提供理论支撑。     

‘Strong is the new skinny’: navigating fitness hype among teenagers in northern Sweden

An increased interest in health, diet, and physical activity exist among young people, in this study termed ‘fitness hype’. Viewing the body and health as commodities can be understood as part of a healthism discourse. In this study, we explored how Swedish high school students perceive and negotiate the trend regarding exercise, diet and body ideals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten high school students, aged 16–18 years, from various educational programs and with varying levels of physical activity. Using qualitative content analysis, we developd one overarching theme navigating life satisfaction in the face of an ‘unhealthy fitness hype’. Four additional, interrelated categories showed how the young people negotiated this developing trend through: (1) the quest for social recognition and value, (2) social media sets the standards, (3) the paradox of strong and skinny as the new standard, and (4) the need for new safety nets. Our results highlight the young people’s perceptions of an excessive and influential focus on health and exercise in contemporary society. They described a fitness hype as exorbitant and unhealthy ideals of body and exercise, and understood this as problematic. Social media was seen as contributing to this hype as a powerful arena for ‘the quest for social recognition and value’. While not all the young people felt negatively affected by the fitness hype, they perceived its influence on their lives. Further, body and fitness ideals were gendered. Teenage girls faced the paradox of shaping themselves as ‘strong and skinny’. Social ties were recognized as an important safety net, particularly classmates, sports mates, and coaches. Knowledge of these problems from the perspective of young people is crucially needed among health professionals and educators. Further research should explore additional support strategies, and young people’s experiences of fitness hype among additional youth groups.     

网球运动对老年人体质影响的研究

运用问卷调查法、数理统计法、对比分析法等研究方法,以郑州市年龄为60岁以上的男性老年人为研究对象,并以其是否参加网球运动或其他运动项目分为观察组(从事网球运动)、对照组I(从事其他运动项目)和对照组II(未参加任何运动项目)。对调查对象的个人基本情况、身体形态、身体素质等方面进行了调查和测试,并以这些指标为基准,通过对调查对象的各个指标的对比分析来研究体育锻炼尤其是网球运动对老年人体质的影响,全面、系统、科学的分析网球运动对提高老年人体质状况的影响,为指导老年人选择和参加健身运动、提高老年人健康水平提供科学的理论依据。     

健身环境对群众体育锻炼者参与行为的影响

群众体育关系人民群众身体健康和生活幸福,良好的健身环境是人们参加体育锻炼的保证,也是激发人们参加体育锻炼积极性的因素之一,建设城市公园、广场、社区的健身环境,有利于唤起人们的健康意识,吸引人民群众参加体育活动,促进全民健身活动的发展.     

后疫情时代下全民健身的功能、任务与路径研究

后疫情时代下,全民健身新的功能、任务与路径对国家发展具有重大意义。研究认为,从侧面思考,疫情有可能是全民健身国家战略落实的拐点,对全民健康和全面小康具有积极促进作用。全民健身是积极防控疫情的良策,是稳定社会秩序的手段,是形成终身体育的环境,是提高身心健康的基础。全民健身有利于提升民众幸福感和获得感;满足健身健康需求,推动实现体育强国梦;协同学习型社区,推动科学健身型社区建设;提高居民健身意识,构建家庭式健身环境;完善在线健身教学,促进居家自主健身学习。全民健身的实现路径:高举疫情科学防控和全民健身体育思想;建设科学健身型社区等相关软硬件基础设施;发挥体育科研人员的力量,激发全民健身意识;建设在线体育课程,提高居家健身安全性和效果。     

The relationship between physical activity,fitness, physical complaints and BMI in German adults – results of a longitudinal study

Objectives: This study’s aims were to describe the development of physical activity, physical fitness (PF), subjective (physical complaints (PC)) and objective (Body mass index (BMI)) health measures and to examine the relationship between the development trajectories. In addition, the study also aimed to assess the influence of sociodemographic determinants (age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES)) in German adults over a period of 18 years. Methods: The longitudinal study population comprises of 721 men and women, aged 33–76 years over the study period. There was self-report of physical activity and PC and testing of physical fitness and BMI in each study year (1992, 1997, 2002 and 2010). Latent growth curve models were used to analyse the development. Results: Physical activity slightly increased while fitness, PC and BMI worsened over the course of 18 years. Sex, age and SES play important roles concerning physical activity, fitness and health. Several integrative associations could be detected between physical activity, fitness, PC and BMI as well as their trajectories. In particular, high initial levels of physical activity and fitness protect from high PC and BMI.The slope of physical activity was not significantly associated with slopes of fitness, PC and BMI. However, increase of fitness resulted in decrease of PC. Conclusions: A general positive development regarding the amount of physical activity could be detected. However, if it is only an unsystematic increase of physical activity, this is not in itself enough to achieve health benefits. The strengthening of fitness should be focused when increasing physical activity, since only then a health benefit is possible.     

‘Race’, politics and local football – continuity and change in the life of a British African-Caribbean local football club

This paper focuses on the role of a local sports club in shaping the lives of British African-Caribbean males in one British city over a 40-year period. The paper describes how the ‘Meadebrook Cavaliers’ has transitioned from its origins as an East Midlands parks-based football team in 1970 to a successful senior-level local football club by the early 1980s, before finally achieving a further social and financial organizational complexity in its charitable status, attained in 2009. Attention is paid specifically to the social formation of this largely masculine ‘black’ sport space over time and on how, and in what ways, these developments in local sport in one club in one British city are also intimately connected to wider social, economic and political developments in the UK. In doing so, the paper demonstrates, both theoretically and empirically, how the emergence of ‘black’ local football resonates with social change around ‘race’ politics in Britain during the period 1970–2010. By the same token, this mainly black male sporting space continues to reflect and influence change in the wider political, social and sporting terrains within which the club has been located – and within the dynamic black African-Caribbean communities which constitute it.     

邯郸市城市社区体育设施需求及分布研究

城市居民的体育活动是实现终生体育目标的基本途径,也是实现全民健身的有效手段,同时又是创建文明城市和构建和谐社会的重要组成部分。而城市公共体育设施是承载提高全民身体素质、丰富全民精神生活的物质载体。城市公共体育设施的建设直接关系到城市社会文化、城镇化进程、人居环境建设的健康发展,是人民群众的健康利益的体现,也是展示城市形象的重要内容。本研究采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地调查等方法对邯郸市城市社区普通市民的体育需求,以及社区公共体育设施的分布情况作了一个详细的调查和分析。     

以人为本视域下公民体育权利的内涵及现实意义

摘要：以人为本的社会转型期,人的健康在其发展过程中毋庸置疑是处于极其重要的位置,全民族的身体健康应是民生之本。通过文献检索、文本研究和逻辑分析阐述了公民体育权利包括公民的健康权、体育活动参与权、参与体育活动的平等权、体育教育权以及社会经济、文化方面的体育权利。公民体育权利的提出现实意义在于：有利于提高公民个人健康素质和民族整体健康素质、有利于提升我国物质文明、政治文明和精神文明建设,有利于推动我国体育法制建设进程、有利于现代政府公共行政理念的贯彻,更是人全面发展的必然要求。     

The Transformation of China's National Fitness Policy: From a Major Sports Country to a World Sports Power

For most countries with developed economies, the increasing prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle has led to a decline in adolescents' physical fitness and increased risk of chronic disease and obesity. A common solution to this problem has been to encourage greater youth participation in sports and physical activities. However, there is little evidence to suggest that this approach has been successful. Since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, the development of elite sports in China has received increasing attention, reaching its climax during the Beijing Olympic Games, where China won the most gold medals. According to a study undertaken by Dong Xinguang, who designed the ‘Outline of the National Fitness Program,’ China's success in elite sports has, to some degree, been built at the expense of the country's national fitness. This study focuses on the sport-for-all policy change, especially the changes to the Peoples Republic of China's (PRC) national fitness policy after an official speech delivered after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games by the president of the PRC, Hu Jintao, who, for the first time, mentioned the idea of ‘changing from a major sports country to a world sports power.’ In an attempt to help assess the extent of change in China's national fitness policy, this study adopts the five policy change indicators (comprising organization, statutes, budget, personnel, and the media) developed by Hogwood and Peters and Juang. Furthermore, elite theory is adopted as our analytical framework to explain how the political elites have tackled the difficulties in promoting sports in China. Finally, our findings are presented in three parts: the driving forces behind the policy change, policy change reflected in the five dimensions, and the conclusion.     

Fitness: The Early (Dutch) Roots of a Modern Industry

While sports and physical education originated in the nineteenth century, fitness on the other hand is generally seen as a typically late-twentieth-century phenomenon. In order to understand how the modern fitness culture has become what it is today, it is important to recognize how some of its roots had already evolved more than a century before. This article uses early developments of the ‘fitness industry’ in the Netherlands between 1850 and 1900 as an illustrative example. Against the background of the European struggle between Continental and Anglo-Saxon systems of physical education and sport, this article focuses on the connections that were made between industries, ideas, buildings, fitness equipment, manuals, magazines and the early body artists and entrepreneurs. The convergence between the early fitness industry and the ‘self-help industry’ contributed to a crucial shift from the ‘acrobatic, distant body’, to the commercialized, fit and good-looking bodies which were displayed and ‘sold’ as inspiring examples. This article questions some of the crucial preconditions of these processes of globalization of the early fitness industry.     

影响社区体育开展的相关因素分析

社区体育是我国实施全民健身计划的重点,是提高城市居民身体素质的重要形式。本文对影响社区体育开展的因素从参与者个人、环境因素、中介因素三个角度展开阐述,以期为社区体育的发展提供一定的理论参考。     

社区居家养老服务中心体育服务需求与供给研究——以武汉市为例

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对武汉市社区居家养老服务中心的体育服务需求与供给现状进行研究。研究表明:社区老年人有较强的参与体育活动愿望,且参与体育活动在时段选择、时间长度、时间频率、活动强度等方面有着自身的规律;而养老服务中心的体育服务在场地设施、健身指导、信息宣传等方面与老年人的需求存在差距。建议:社会转型期的社区居家养老服务中的体育服务应做到体育服务供给主体多元化、体育服务内容多样化、体育服务人员专业化、体育志愿服务常态化。     

山西农村民俗体育在全民健身中的作用

民俗体育作为一种特色鲜明、形式多样的民俗活动,无论在各种民俗节El中,还是在民众的日常生活当中,都展现了巨大的魅力;民俗体育以其良好的健身价值、独特的仪式性和娱乐性、运动场地的简易性吸引了广大群众的积极参与,本研究主要阐述了民俗体育的特点、功能以及在全民健身中的作用,以进一步扩大其在民俗节日中的比例和影响力,并以此为突破口促进民族地区全民健身运动的良好开展。     

Sind Sportreporter die objektiveren Beobachter?

There is ample evidence in the social psychological literature that the physical attractiveness of people influences their success in various areas of life. However, it cannot always be assumed that attractive people are really more productive. Rather the interaction partners and decision makers in the context of the respective social actions simply treat attractive people better. Giving such unsubstantiated privileges to attractive people is especially likely when no objective performance standards exist and the criteria for the performance assessment are not transparent. Because performance is well documented in professional sports and can be measured relatively objectively, 483 professional football (soccer) players of 18 teams in the German professional football league during the 2007/2008 season were included to determine how their attractiveness affects the assessment of their performance by sports reporters and trainers. The results show that in the judgment of objective performance sports reporters are not substantially influenced by the attraction of the players, while there is certainly an influence of the trainers’ judgment. This is attributed to the greater transparency and the greater adherence to the rules of journalistic judgment.     

从素质教育看冰雪运动对改善北方青少年身心健康的影响及对策

近年来,一些学校、家庭以应试教育、开展冰雪运动投入高以及伴有危险等为理由将青少年参与拒之门外,将一冬季的时光都要倾注于书本之上,这不仅对其生长发育带来不良影响,而且还会扼杀他们活泼好动的天性.从青少年身心现状出发,指出应试教育是束缚青少年参与体育运动的主要障碍;冰场等设施严重不足,使青少年冬季无缘冰上运动;冰雪运动危险性,一些学校与家长使孩子“敬而远之”等制约青少年参与冰雪运动的因素.提出全社会要重视青少年参与冰雪健身活动,学校要加大冰场等设施的投入;拓宽青少年视野;减少运动损伤等激发青少年参与冰雪运动的对策建议,使学校,家庭等转变观念、创造条件,并以教育行政部门监督、检查作为保障,这对改善青少年的体质、增进健康,真正从应试教育向素质教育转变产生积极的促进作用     

公共室外健身器材的安全性分析与研究

近年来,随着我国全民健身计划的推行,很多公共场所安装了各式各样的室外健身器材,丰富了人们的体育健身活动,增强了肌肉力量和身体的柔韧性,提高了人们的身体素质。然而,在室外健身器材的使用过程中,人们受伤的案例很多。其质量状况也引起了人们的担忧。本文分析了公共室外健身器材的质量现状,并提供了相关的解决对策。     

From Exclusion to Inclusion: Changes in Women’s Roles in Folk Sports and Indigenous Physical Culture in China

Abstract

The physical culture of Chinese folk sports is embedded in religions and rituals that have been predominantly ruled by men. However, this situation has been changing as the forms and meanings of folk sports transform in modern China. Based on the literature and interviews, in this research, the Funeral Dance of the Tujia ethnic group was considered as a case to explore how gender roles in Tujia indigenous physical activity changed during the modernizing process. Given the transformation of Funeral Dance from an indigenous funeral ritual to a national fitness programme and public and commercial performances, Tujia women have gained social access, legal status, national identity, and value, allowing them to participate in the dance. Policy interventions, capitalist drive, and social progress constituted an integral force that has systematically challenged the engendered nature of Chinese folk sports. Nevertheless, in Tujia’s conceptual framework, there is an invisible curtain between the stage and backstage of Funeral Dance performances. In the ‘front’, the participation of women is fully encouraged; however, ‘backstage’, the gender taboo remains as a so-called sporting tradition. The inclusion of both genders in folk sports is an unavoidable tendency in China, though the gendered boundaries continue to impact on women’s participation.     

湖南省健身休闲体育的发展研究

体育是一种消费,是推动经济发展的新兴力量。参与健身休闲体育活动已经成为现代都市人生活中的重要组成部分。随着人们的健身意识和体育消费水平的迅速提高,体育锻炼已成为新的娱乐、消费热点。对湖南省健身休闲体育的现状进行分析,并提出一些建议,对促进湖南健身休闲体育的发展具有重要的意义。     

基于全民健身理念的风筝运动在湘西地区的开展研究

文章运用文献资料、访问调查、数理统计与逻辑分析等研究方法,对风筝运动在湘西地区开展的可行性及在湘西全民健身中的意义进行研究。研究结果认为,湘西地区全民健身状况呈现出组织管理不健全,体育健身场地缺乏,经常参加体育锻炼的人较少等状况;并认为风筝运动的传统性、娱乐性、群众性、健身性等可以促进湘西地区全民健身的发展。提出了应该从加大宣传力度,提高健身意识;加强组织管理,培养体育骨干;结合传统节日,组织群众体育竞赛等全民健身发展的具体措施。