我国足球体制运行中十种矛盾关系的分析

针对我国足球体制改革的现状及目前体制运行中存在的诸多矛盾,采用文献资料分析、社会调查和专家调查等方法,在对我国足球改革进程做简要回顾的基础上,确定现行体制运行中存在的十种矛盾关系,并综合地分析各种矛盾的根源及对我国足球事业发展的危害,为深化足球改革及制定发展对策提供参考。     

足球流氓暴力行为产生的原因

采用文献资料等研究方法 ,认为世界范围的足球流氓暴力行为产生的主要原因有 :感情宣泄、媒体的过度渲染和不当用词、球迷畸形的愉悦感、军国主义思潮的泛滥和艾里克·唐宁理论。认为 ,任何情况下产生的足球流氓暴力行为都会对社会的安定和团结产生不良影响 ,必须予以制止。     

足球运动员战术意识及战术素养的培养

采用文献资料分析、推理、归纳等方法对足球比赛中的战术意识、特点、影响因素及策略进行分析。结论:战术意识和战术素养的发挥决定着整场比赛中足球运动员的状态和比赛成绩,需要从不同的方面对运动员进行战术意识的培养和战术训练,保证运动员在最佳状态下完成每一场比赛。     

中日青少年足球后备人才培养状况比较分析

采用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查等研究方法,对中日两国青少年足球后备人才培养中的足球训练、文化学习、全面发展、社会实践、家庭生活等方面进行比较分析。认为:应学习和借鉴日本青少年足球后备人才培养的成功经验,完善我国足球训练体制;提高青少年足球运动员的文化素质;促进青少年足球运动员全面发展;在普及的基础上提高足球运动水平等。     

我国职业足球“厦门现象”解析——以厦门足球俱乐部12年职业进程为例

运用文献资料、调查等研究方法,对厦门足球俱乐部12年职业进程进行全方位梳理,得出的结论是:行政足球、资金来源、追求本土化、梯队及文化建设等缺失是导致和引发厦门足球俱乐部解体的主要因为所在.指出我国各级足球俱乐部必须遵循市场规律及要求,不应人为地干扰破坏,是俱乐部长远发展的保证,对指导我国职业俱乐部规范化建设具有现实意义.     

我国足球甲级队主教练领导行为对其队员影响力的研究

运用管理心理学和社会心理学的研究方法,对我国足球甲级队主教练的领导行为进行了深入的研究。结果发现:我国足球甲级队主教练对其队员影响力的主要因素是,道德品质因素、资历因素、感情因素。而宽容精神、创新精神和体育基础知识因素对队员影响较小。同时还发现,教练员对自身的评价并不客观,在影响力各因素的得分与队员理想得分相差甚远。由于教练员的管理能力、足球业务能力、感情因素、体育基础知识、创新精神诸因素的得分较低,影响了足球队的凝聚力和训练水平的提高。     

‘Connected to Something’: Soccer and the Transnational Passions,Memories and Communities of Sydney's Italian Migrants

This paper explores the importance soccer can play in the lives, identities and memories of migrants by drawing on 32 oral history interviews conducted with Italians who settled in Sydney in the 1950s and 1960s. Sport can provide an illuminating lens for analysing the experience of migrants, because not only are sports sites of individual, regional, national and transnational identities, they can also facilitate social inclusion or, conversely, become sites of exclusion. Soccer in Australia is often celebrated as a multicultural game. At the same time, the expressions of the complex histories of migration, colonialism, exploitation and racial and ethnic discrimination that have shaped the game have often been silenced. The interviews show that soccer has been a key site of negotiation, agency and at times resistance for first and second generation migrants. We also argue that, while it is the de-ethnicisation of soccer that has understandably dominated media, political and academic debate, the concern of these migrants in recent years has been mostly with the loss of memory and with the removal of an important history made of shared relationships and bonding experiences.     

Career paths of Swedish top-level women soccer players

This study explores seven Swedish top-level women’s soccer players’ career development experiences. Data were produced through semi-structured interviews and a biographical mapping grid. The theoretical framework of ‘careership’ was employed to understand the data. The results showed homogenous career paths. Moreover, the data show that the players decided at a young age to pursue a career in soccer; experienced the transition from junior to senior level soccer as difficult because of a lack of physical preparedness; soccer over school commitments. We recommend that soccer stakeholders (e.g. federations, clubs, coaches) give the transition from junior to senior level soccer special attention to prevent intense demands that may cause dropout. We further propose that if athletes should give sport and education equal priority, the Swedish dual career concept of high school education and sport needs further reflection and adjustment.     

足球比赛中角球防守与反击问题的研究

通过查阅文献对不同水平足球比赛的观察和分析 ,针对比赛中如何利用对方发角球后获得反击的机会进行综合分析。根据足球比赛中攻防转换的不同比赛时机 ,在防守反击中充分利用对方由进攻转向防守时薄弱的环节 ,如何抓住这一有利战机进行快速反击射门得分 ,以及针对比赛中获得有利战机而不能很好利用等情况进行了充分的分析 ,为足球运动训练及比赛提供一定的参考。     

Cultural Evolution and Ideology in Korean Soccer: Sport and Nationalism

Modern Korean sports have been adopted mostly from the West, but now Korea has emerged as a sporting power demanding global attention. The influence of historical and political ideology has been in the cultural background of Korean sports development, and the process of cultural evolution in soccer may be explained in the similar context. What helped the Korean soccer team qualify for the World Cup eight consecutive times – only the sixth country in the world to do so – thus making it the most powerful soccer team in Asia? Soccer initially appeared in Korea during the threat of Japanese invasion, and this backdrop provided the opportunity for soccer to be combined with nationalism and transformed into a cultural product that confronted Japanese imperialism. Since the Korean War, South Korean soccer has become a vehicle for ideological confrontation with North Korea amid the atmosphere of the Cold War, and it thus gave rise to sports nationalism by revealing an ideological superiority and nationalistic disposition. Soccer, which arrived in Korea on a British ship, has become a representative Korean sport and continuously challenges the global stage ahead of Asia's leading economic power. It was against the background of such rapid development that nationalism formed.     

中、外足球教练员岗位培训模式的比较研究

采用献资料法、对比分析法，对比分析了中国、日本、德国、英国等四国足球教练员的岗位培训模式。比较的内容包括足球教练员的培训等级、培训机构、培训内容、培训时间和培训形式。试图通过分析探讨其共性和差异性，以达到取长补短，促进我国足球教练员培训工作的完善和发展，进而促使我国足球教练员培训能与国际足球教练员培训接轨。     

用AHP法对足球运动员身体形态选材

AHP法是一种将定量与定性分析结合在一起的决策思维方法。对于足球运动员身体形态选材这样一个包含多个因素而且不能完全依赖数据的综合性过程 ,采用AHP法将测量所得数据和教练员的定性判断科学地结合起来 ,可有效地提高选材成功率 ,是一种切实可行的科学决策法。     

足球明星及其社会塑造——“体育和社会”对话之二

本文主要探讨了球星及其社会建构机制,指出足球明星其实是社会文化价值的载体,承荷了社会的期待和媒体的价值.目前我国职业足球中球星稀缺的现象,虽然与我国转型社会价值多元化的背景有关,但还是透析出我国传统文化中"求同存异"等观念根深蒂固的影响.球星的产生是社会和个人相互作用的结果,各足球俱乐部以及传播媒体对于球星塑造的无所作为,既根源于大多数球员尚不具备作为球星的基本特征,同时这也成为国内球星难于诞生的社会性要因.     

上海市足球事业发展战略研究

在分析上海市足球事业发展现状的基础上，论述发展战略的指导思想和方针、奋斗目标和主要任务。提出发展对策：加强足协自身建设，推动实体化进程；强化俱乐部建设，打造一流城市一流球队的整体形象：规范竞赛体系，促进足球运动发展；完善青少年足球培训体系，实现训练系统化、布局网络化；发挥政府调控职能，发展女足运动；提高足球训练的科技含量，加强足球从业人员的素质培养；完善法规建设，发展足球产业等.     

Hardness measurement of natural and hybrid turf soccer fields

Understanding the surface hardness of soccer fields is essential to evaluate the risk of injury and also its influence on the playing behavior of soccer players. In this context, newly developed hybrid turf systems have to be tested for their surface hardness with regard to the increased risk of injury on hard sports surfaces. The hardness of a soccer field can be quantitatively measured using an apparatus with a cylindrical weight that is dropped from a defined height. Since this procedure was first used for road construction, there are few studies investigating its use on sports grounds. This has led to inconsistencies in methodology and the absence of evaluation guidelines for classifying the hardness of soccer fields. This paper considers how turf systems (natural turf and hybrid turf) differ in their hardness and how this method can be used for different soccer turf systems. Natural turf systems, stitched turf systems, hybrid turf-bearing layer systems and woven mat systems were investigated. The assessment results from a comparative representation of hardness values of different soccer fields. By comparison, natural turf systems were found to be the softest, while woven mat systems were the hardest. Furthermore, the parameters that might affect the hardness were investigated. The influence of the measured soil parameters decreases with an increasing number of measurements per measuring point. Turf system-specific correlations make it possible to reduce the amount of measurement effort.     

中国足球"西来说"质疑

把中国古代的足球运动和英国现代的足球分割开来，认为世界足球最早起源于中国，世界现代足球起源于英国；中国的蹴鞠在清代灭亡了，现代足球是由英国传入中国的。足球西来说是不正确的。足球最早产生于中国，曾经兴盛于中国；英国的现代足球是在中国古代的足球运功动传入英国以后逐步形成的，然后伴随着清代末期英国对于中国的入侵又返回到了中国。中国古代的足球运动在清代末期进入了一个发展低谷。     

The relative age effect and success in German elite U-17 soccer teams

The aim of the study was to determine whether there is empirical evidence for advantages in performance of soccer teams because of their relative age. The practice of selecting youth players according to their momentary performance leads to relative age effects, which in turn lead to inefficient talent selection. We used the median of the birth dates as a measure of the effect size of the relative age effect and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to assess its significance. For the 2008-2009 season, birth dates in the three German U-17 first leagues for soccer were examined (911 players). More than half of the 41 teams differed significantly from the distribution of the corresponding German cohort. There was a significant correlation between the relative age effect and success defined by teams' final rankings (Spearman's ρ = 0.328, P = 0.036). Regression analyses revealed that with a median of birth dates one month earlier the team is expected to finish 1.035 ranks better. Accordingly, selecting early born athletes is an important aspect of success in youth soccer. However, teams with no relative age effect are able to compete in the league, having the benefit to promote players with a better perspective for long and successful careers at an adult age.     

江西省青少年足球运动开展现状与对策研究

运用文献资料及访谈法,就江西省青少年足球运动开展状况,如足协组织系统、培训机构、后备队伍、赛事安排、教练员队伍建设等方面进行分析.提出：加强足协组织系统及教练员队伍建设,重视“体教结合”,实现后备人才的可持续发展,发挥省内外职业俱乐部的作用,完善省内青少年训练和竞赛体系等对策.     

中国高校足球联赛福建赛区的现状调查

采用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查、实地调查、数理统计等研究方法,对福建省高校足球联赛的开展状况、联赛的资金状况、市场开发现状进行分析和探讨。发现福建省高校足球联赛市场开发程度较低,联赛发展资金严重不足。建议联赛发展所需资金应该通过市场进行开发,向社会要资金,从而形成多渠道、多形式的经费筹集体制。     

足球裁判执法存在问题的理性分析

本文采用文献资料法,录像观察法对足球裁判员的场上执裁工作进行了研究。结果表明：无论裁判员在场上怎样的努力,还是离不开“黑哨”的困扰。针对这些问题,笔者从《足球竞赛规则》和裁判管理制度的客观实际情况出发,提出相应的对策,使裁判员的判罚更加合理、准确。