概念地图在知识表示与知识评价中的应用(Ⅱ)——概念地图作为知识评价的工具及其研究框架

概念地图构建方法关心概念选取、概念分类、中心概念定位、连接概念和交叉概念等几个主要问题。概念地图分析法集中在:分析概念地图组成成分,比较概念地图和基准概念地图的相似度,以及两者的综合。概念地图构建方法、分析方法、分析指标的信度和效度,三者密不可分,共同构成概念地图作为知识评价工具的研究框架。图2。表1。参考文献28。     

知识门户的个性化服务现状及优化研究

采用网络调查的方法对国内外典型知识门户的个性化服务进行调查研究,发现知识门户的个性化服务存在定制服务不完善、提供的内容不够知识化、资源集成有限、缺乏用户交流空间以及咨询服务不足等问题,进而提出在用户需求分析、资源获取与集成、信息分析与提供、知识推荐、用户交流平台和人才培养等方面的优化策略,希望有助于提高知识门户个性化服务水平.     

基于隶属网络的竞争态势分析方法研究——以WI-FI联盟认证产品为例

认为隶属网络分析方法是一种针对多维信息的分析方法,是社会网络分析方法的一个分支。隶属网络的二元性特征使隶属网络分析具有双重的、互为补充的多元视角,能够克服统计口径、时滞的缺陷从而为分析复杂现象下的多维度数据（行动者之间关系、事件之间关系以及行动者与事件之间关系）提供便利。以WI-FI联盟认证产品数据为例进行实证研究,提出利用隶属网络进行竞争态势分析的基本框架,并根据分析结论简要探讨WI-FI技术标准联盟的发展趋势。      

图书馆图书采购模型的探讨与应用

通过定量分析方法,建立了资金在各图书类别中的分配模型,以及同类别下不同图书复本量的确定模型。模型有助于合理分配资金,达到图书采购预期效用。表1。图2。公式1。参考文献6。     

引文分析存在的问题及其原因探究

目前引文分析已成为文献计量学的主要研究内容之一,但少有对其存在的问题进行分析.本文从引文分析理论(基础理论和引用动机)的不完善,引用过程中存在的不足,引文分析方法、工具和数据库的缺陷,引文分析应用与实践(科学评价和科学交流)的局限四个方面较系统地总结引文分析存在的问题及原因.目前应该以谨慎的态度看待引文分析,对其方法和结果作客观评价,在充分了解其优缺点的基础上进行完善与发展.     

基于语法树的SAO结构识别方法研究

[目的/意义] SAO是一种能够表示主题信息和主题间关系的3元组结构,是文献计量学领域一个快速发展的研究方向。为了获得“满足文献计量分析需求的SAO结构”,需要解决现有SAO结构识别方法遭遇的3个问题：查全和查准率低、所识别SAO结构和领域主题相关性不强以及矩阵稀疏性。[方法/过程] 提出一种面向文献计量分析的基于语法树的SAO结构识别方法,首先基于共现算法和“主题词簇”方法（term clumping）识别SAO核心组件,然后利用基于语法树的抽取算法实现SAO结构的逐层抽取。[结果/结论] 案例研究发现,该方法的平均查准率为0.805 8,平均查全率为0.844 6,所识别SAO结构与领域主题关系较强,且矩阵稀疏性也得到较好改善,可有效应用于相关文献计量分析。     

共词分析方法理论进展

共词分析方法属于内容分析方法的一种。其原理主要是对一组词两两统计它们在同一篇文献中出现的次数,对这些词进行聚类分析,进而分析这些词所代表的学科和主题的结构变化。有基于包容指数和临近指数的共词分析方法、基于战略坐标的共词分析方法、基于数据库内容结构分析的共词分析方法。公式5。图1。参考文献13。     

引文曲线的分析框架研究——以诺贝尔奖得主的引文曲线为例

基于341位诺贝尔物理学、化学、生理学或医学、经济学奖获得者的引文曲线,借助曲线拟合方法构建引文曲线的分析框架,包括两种规则引文曲线——经典引文曲线、指数增长引文曲线,和三种不规则引文曲线——睡美人引文曲线、双峰引文曲线、波型引文曲线。以诺贝尔奖得主为例的实证分析表明:①引文曲线的分析框架是一种新的引文分析视角;②引文曲线的分析框架可用于将一组(有一定影响力的)论文或作者划分层次,也可用于分析不同学科论文或作者的引用差异。文章最后分析了该框架的适用性。图4。表1。参考文献32。     

大数据分析与情报分析关系辨析

近年来,包括大数据分析在内的大数据理念和方法引起了图书情报界的密切关注,成为情报学的热点话题之一。通过对比分析,发现大数据分析与情报分析有着天然的联系,两者既有共性,又存在着一定的差异。共性表现在看重对数据的定量分析,关注多源数据融合和强调相关性分析三个方面。同时,两者在数据对象、数据规模、分析任务与分析时机等方面又各具特色。本文认为,应该充分认识这些共性与差异,把情报分析的特色与优势发挥好,以迎接大数据带来的挑战。表1。参考文献25。     

中文网络学术数据库数据质量分析

对中文期刊全文数据库"重庆维普中文科技期刊"、"清华同方中国期刊网"和"万方期刊"收录核心期刊的种类数量、收录率以及它们之间重复收录的情况进行分析比较。对这3个期刊数据库和两个电子图书数据库进行检索测试。3个期刊数据库在收录核心期刊数量上差别不大,但重复建设突出。中文电子图书分类等有待规范统一。表5。图1。参考文献5。     

Expression and Reception: An Analytic Method for Assessing Message Production and Consumption in CMC

This article presents an innovative methodology to study computer-mediated communication (CMC), which allows analysis of the multi-layered effects of online expression and reception. The methodology is demonstrated by combining the following three data sets collected from a widely tested eHealth system, the Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS): (1) a flexible and precise computer-aided content analysis; (2) a record of individual message posting and reading; and (3) longitudinal survey data. Further, this article discusses how the resulting data can be applied to online social network analysis and demonstrates how to construct two distinct types of online social networks—open and targeted communication networks—for different types of content embedded in social networks.     

Visual Agenda-Setting,Emotion, and the BP Oil Disaster

This study seeks to identify the most memorable visual imagery of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill by comparing a content analysis of television images and a survey of the most-remembered images. The study compared visuals from weeks 1 and 6 of the disaster to a survey conducted a year later that asked respondents to freely recall the most memorable images of the disaster. The comparison showed respondents did indeed choose as the most memorable images the visuals coded with greatest frequency in the content analysis. However, the emotions evoked by the oil-soaked animals elevated that set of images to the most memorable—chosen by almost half of respondents. This set of images was number one with the respondents yet number eight in frequency in the content analysis. This study shows a visual agenda-setting effect heightened by emotion.     

网络环境下虚拟参考咨询服务的分析研究

虚拟参考咨询服务是现代图书馆参考咨询服务工作发展的必然趋势。文章探讨了虚拟参考咨询服务的内涵和服务模式,比较分析了国内外虚拟参考咨询服务发展的状况,最后给出了我国图书馆开展虚拟参考咨询服务的一些措施。     

知识图谱方法在科研选题中的应用研究——以乙酰甲喹纳米乳的研制及药效评价研究为例

为了系统、全面地梳理科学前沿进展,提高选题的科学性、创新性、适用性和有效性,本研究以乙酰甲喹剂型研发为例,在信息分析人员与科研人员优势互补的基础上,遴选检索点、观察点,通过文献专业检索,信息分步提取,构建1-模、2-模矩阵,梳理选择数据等步骤,采用聚类分析、战略坐标分析、社会网络分析和高频关键词分类排序等知识图谱方法对数据进行可视化分析。结果表明,知识图谱方法能够揭示乙酰甲喹研究生长点、趋势及其实验检测指标,这与该研究传统选题结果基本吻合,而且观察更迅速、更直观、更系统,说明知识图谱方法可为科研选题提供更加有效的新思路和方法。     

Hallucination as epistemology: critiquing the visual in Ken Burns’ The West

A quantitative content analysis of 1,055 television ads reveals that male voiceovers outnumber female voiceovers 4:1. As has been the case for decades in television, a man is much more likely to serve as the disembodied and objective voice of authority, expertise, and reason. However, a woman's voice is twice as likely to be heard if her body is also represented on screen. Based on that finding, the authors argue that scopocentric sexism influences when and how gendered voices are presented. A woman's relative agency, her recourse to “voice” in both the literal and metaphoric sense, is conditioned by her visual presence. After completing the quantitative content analysis, a qualitative textual analysis was conducted on a subsample of ads in order to explore relationships between voice and body at a finer-grained level. The study provides an important update for critical ad research concerning voiceovers and is the first that systematically compares voice and body data. The authors conclude by presenting ideas for integrating critical sound research into media literacy curricula.     

The scientometric analysis of publications based on the materials of the peer-reviewed journal <Emphasis Type="Italic">The Physics of Nanoobjects and Nanotechnologies</Emphasis> of the All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences (VINITI RAS): Graphene

A comparative analysis of the thematic scope of publications in the literature focusing on graphene in the period between 2010 and the first half of 2011 is conducted. The development patterns for physics of graphene are highlighted. Hotspots and emerging trends are outlined in this area, based on the analysis of publications in volumes 1–12 of the 2010 edition and volumes 1–6 of the 2011 edition of the peer-reviewed journal The Physics of Nanoobjects and Nanotechnologies published by the All Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences (VINITI RAS).     

基于文献计量的基层图书馆研究成果分析

综合运用词频统计与社会网络分析的方法,以中国学术期刊网络出版总库中1 628篇有关基层图书馆研究成果的题录信息为样本,对论文的发表时间、期刊分布、著者分布、被引频次、研究机构五个方面进行定量分析。基于关键词词频的知识图谱表明,基层图书馆是一个包括县级图书馆、街道图书馆、乡镇图书馆、社区图书馆、流动图书馆、农村图书室、农家书屋等的图书馆体系,形成了馆藏与设施、馆员与读者、工作与服务、建设与发展等四大研究领域。     

走过威权:台湾新闻史报业研究的四个取径

本研究梳理出四种报业研究取径:一,时间序列的编年史;二,政治经济学的结构分析;三,文化领导权的策略共谋;四,历史系谱的再现与重构。第一种为传统史学方法的线性叙事,提供丰富的史料,而较乏分析的观点。第二及第三种,政治经济学与文化领导权的解释,则将焦点置于报业与报人的主体能动性与威权体制的折冲,如何发展出政治、经济、文化构连的侍从报业。第四种则深入新闻史认识论的核心议题:历史书写的视域限制,检视研究者受限于历史情境所做的书写策略。四种研究取径的重点都在政府与知识分子间的对话,笔者提出另一问题:大众在那里?新闻史研究往往不见庶民的活力,只见知识分子的企图与努力,是否能将阅听人研究整合进新闻史中,寻访历史中消逝阅听人的感觉结构?     

Spatiotemporal crime analysis in U.S. law enforcement agencies: Current practices and unmet needs

This article compares the current states of science and practice regarding spatiotemporal (space + time) crime analysis within intermediate- to large-size law enforcement agencies in the Northeastern United States. The contributions of the presented research are two-fold. First, a comprehensive literature review was completed spanning the domains of Criminology/Crime Analysis and GIScience/Cartography to establish the current state of science on spatiotemporal crime analysis. This background review then was complemented with a set of interviews with personnel from seven intermediate- to large-size law enforcement agencies in the United States in order to establish the current state of practice of spatiotemporal crime analysis. The comparison of science and practice revealed a variety of insights into the current practice of spatiotemporal crime analysis as well as identified four broad, currently unmet needs: (1) improve access to externally maintained government datasets and allow for flexible and dynamic combination of these datasets; (2) place an emphasis on user interface design in order to improve the usability of crime mapping and analysis tools, (3) integrate geographic and temporal representations and analyses methods to better unlock insight into spatiotemporal criminal activity, and (4) improve support for strategic crime analysis and, ultimately, public safety policymaking and administration. The results of the interview study ultimately were used to inform the design and development of a spatiotemporal crime mapping application called GeoVISTA CrimeViz.