民国时期档案学人的学术风格研究——以档案学十三本旧著作者群体为例

学人的学术风格不仅决定着学人自己的学术品位和学术成果质量,而且影响着所在学界的学术风气与学术精神。研究民国时期档案学人的学术风格,并分析其进步性及影响,是认识和理解民国时期档案学术环境、学术活动、学术成果和学术影响的重要途径,对当前档案界营造良好学术风气有启迪意义。文章以档案学十三本旧著作者群体为例,分析了该学人群体受当时政治环境、文化环境和学术环境等多种因素的交叉影响,最终形成了切实与致用、守正与创新、求是与求通的学术风格。三种学术风格的形成,为近代档案学界优良学术风气和学术精神的形成奠定了良好的基础,成为近现代档案学术体系建立与完善的重要推力。     

学术期刊编辑的学术评价功能及其实现途径

学术期刊编辑的学术评价功能和作用不可忽视,探讨学术期刊编辑与学术评价的关系及其学术评价功能的实现路径具有现实意义。学术期刊编辑是学术成果的"伯乐"和"把关人",是学术评价的"组织者",学术研究的"助推者",学术导向的"引领者"。其学术评价功能的实现需要充分利用和发挥学术共同体的力量和作用,在期刊的编辑中抵制不良外在评价的影响,重视与读者的交流,集聚学者群体力量,坚持学术标准,净化学术家园。     

基于学术不端检测构建高校学术诚信体系

在分析高校师生学术活动和学术不端检测现状的基础上,以图书馆为文献检测中心,拓宽文献检测范围,加强学术诚信教育,规范学术不端行为的审核和评价程序,保存学术信用记录,建立学术诚信数据库,在学术制度和学术组织的保障下,构建预防和处罚并重的高校学术诚信体系,并结合高校学术不端检测的现状提出实施建议。     

大学的学术矩阵和学术迹探讨

用新型学术测度——学术矩阵和学术迹对15所国外著名大学和8所中国著名大学进行了量化测评,在展示1年-3年-5年学术迹演化曲线的同时,用学术矩阵对个别中外大学进行了个性化比较,揭示出国内外大学的差距。大学的学术迹T与h指数存在较强正相关关系。学术矩阵和学术迹方法适用于各类学术个体和学术团体测评。     

学术不端行为的防治与治理

伪造、篡改、剽窃科研成果;论文虚假等学术不端行为,严重损害了我国科研工作者的形象,影响学术氛围的纯净,甚至严重影响国家的学术信誉和学术发展。因此,防治和治理学术不端及学术腐败行为、净化学术环境势在必行。通过分析学术遣假现象,学术不端行为产生的原因,提出了治理对策。     

学术出版中应加强学术道德教育

在学术出版过程中可能遇到抄袭和剽窃、伪造和篡改、一稿多投、不当署名、论文注水等不同的学术不端行为。学术出版机构应制定明确的反对学术不端的政策,并加强对学术期刊编辑的学术道德教育,进而针对学术出版中发现的具体的学术不端行为,开展学术道德教育,以弥补课堂教育的不足。     

学术查询意图类目体系构建与分析:百度学术查询日志的实证

[目的/意义]了解、分析和识别用户学术搜索时所表达的信息需求是优化查询结果、提高学术搜索引擎用户体验的首要步骤,而用户进行学术搜索时通过查询表达式所表达的用户表意信息需求及潜在信息需求可称之为学术查询意图。本文总结学术查询意图类目体系有助于学术查询意图识别和检索结果页面的呈现。[方法/过程]在A.Broder的查询意图类目体系的基础上,结合百度学术搜索查询日志中查询表达式实例,构建学术查询意图的类目体系。以此为基础,总结不同类别的学术查询意图,并分析不同类别学术查询意图下查询表达式的特点。[结果/结论]学术查询意图主要分为学术文献类、学术实体类、学术探索类、知识问答类和非学术文献类五大类;得出不同类别学术查询意图在学术搜索中的大致比例;给出每类学术查询意图的查询表达式特征、查询情景和查询结果页。     

中国新闻传播学国际学术话语权的现状、问题与提升路径

提升中国新闻传播学国际学术话语权是中国新闻传播学自主知识体系建构的应有之义。鉴于现有研究主要从国际论文发表的情况对国际学术话语权进行评估,本文将国际学术话语权界定为学术话语主体在国际学术场域所拥有的学术生产力、学术影响力、学术领导力和学术传播力的统一体,并通过国际论文发表、书籍出版、期刊建设、学术任职、会议交流等综合指标,对中国新闻传播学国际学术话语权的现状进行更加全面的分析。结果表明,中国新闻传播学国际学术生产力获得了大幅提升,但是学术影响力、领导力和传播力仍然弱小。未来,需要加强话语传播顶层设计,推动中国原创理论创新,重塑国际学术出版体系,使中国特色新闻传播学真正屹立于世界学术之林。     

科技期刊的学术共同体构建探究

学术共同体是科技期刊重要的思想库,能够引领和推动科技期刊的发展。本文分析了学术共同体的功能和特征,通过剖析“科技期刊—学术共同体—学科发展”三者之间的相互关系,提出科技期刊是构建学术共同体的重要环节并为其提供重要平台,从学术引领、行业驱动、资源聚合、人才培养和文化传承5个方面探讨科技期刊引导学术共同体发挥作用的方法和措施,为新时代的科技期刊优化学术生态,构建学术共同体提供参考。     

体育学术期刊编辑学术身份的价值内涵与主体建构

学术身份的建构关涉学术期刊编辑的身份认知和行为方式,是编辑开展学术交往和学术传播的前提条件,也是学术期刊高质量发展的必然要求。由于我国体育学科的舶来属性和边缘地位,体育学术期刊编辑的学术身份建构相较其他学术期刊编辑面临更多困境。文章基于学科建设、学术交流和个体发展三个层面探讨体育学术期刊编辑学术身份建构的价值内涵,并从体育学科危机、学术话语权争议和个体成长迷思三个方面分析其学术身份迷失。体育学术期刊编辑应加强体育学科认同,培养服务学科建设的主体意识和学术自觉;参与学术话语共建,拓展学术交流的深度和广度;深入个人职业生活,探索独特的学术身份叙事。     

西方国家公共图书馆建设主体设置模式及其对我国的启示

考察美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大和北欧四国的公共图书馆建设主体设置模式发现,西方国家都以法律形式规定地方政府为公共图书馆建设主体,同时又规定省级政府和中央政府为地方公共图书馆事务的支持性建设主体。在具体设置模式上,西方国家普遍采用联合建设主体模式。我国应该借鉴西方国家公共图书馆建设主体设置模式,确认县级政府和地市级政府为主要的公共图书馆建设主体,省级政府和中央政府为支持性建设主体,以此缩小公共图书馆发展的地区差异,同时探索建立联合建设主体的可能性。     

国内中外档案馆比较研究的局限性

中外档案馆比较研究,在我国是一种常见的研究方法.目前,国内的中外档案馆比较研究虽然取得了很多成果,但也存在较大的局限性,比较突出的表现在:外国的比较对象局限在英语国家中的发达国家,忽视非英语国家和发展中国家;案例以国家级档案馆为主,用国内地方档案馆与发达国家的国家档案馆比较.国内中外档案馆比较研究,要突破发达英语国家的国家档案馆的局限,更多地关注非英语国家和地方档案馆,尤其是发展中国家的档案馆.     

An international comparison of journal publishing and citing behaviours

The relationship between researchers’ publishing and citing behaviours has received little examination despite its potential importance in scholarly communication, particularly at an international level. To remedy this we studied documents and their references indexed in Thomson Reuters's Web of Science (WoS) in the period 2000–2009 to compare journal publishing behaviours against journal citing behaviours across the world. The results reveal that most publications in, and citations to, all five quality based strata of journals examined come from scientifically and economically advanced countries. Nevertheless, in proportion to their total number of citations given to WoS journals, it seems that less developed countries cite high-quality journals at the same rate as developed countries and so the poorer publishing of less developed countries does not seem to be due to a lack of access to top journals. Moreover, examining the publishing and citing trends of countries revealed a decreasing rate of high-income and Scientifically Advanced Countries (SACs) publications in, and citations to, all quality ranges of journals in comparison to the increasing rate of publications and citations of other groups. Finally, research cooperation between developed and less developed countries seems to positively influence the publishing behaviour of the latter as their publications co-authored with developed countries were published more often in top journals.     

Dissemination of Information in Developing Countries

Abstract

With the blooming of information in digital format, dissemination of information is becoming a big challenge for developing countries. It is not only due to the limited provision of personal computersin addition, the technological infrastructure and the ability to access information are also becoming major concerns in developing countries. This paper examines the situation in the Asian developing countries as an example to illustrate the difficulties with the dissemination of information. The availability of personal computers is not the only difficulty facing developing countries. The availability and popularity of the Internet, the telecommunication policies and environment of the countries concerned, the information literacy level of the users and the librarians, the popularity of the English language, the knowledge of searching information on the Internet, and the maturity of the electronic publishing market are all inter-related and have affected the success of information dissemination. Recent developments in tackling the problems are also described.     

国家关系视角下中国在美专利引用状况计量研究

通过专利引文分析方法,对美国专利商标局（USPTO）数据库中的中国专利与其他国家和地区的专利的引用情况进行全面考察。时间维度的考察将揭示中国与其他国家之间关系发展的趋势;技术领域维度的考察展现出中国在相应技术领域与其他国家间关系的相对聚集。分析结果表明,美、日、德等国家是中国前向引用和后向引用主要的来源国,这在总量和各技术领域层面都得到展现。     

Challenges of an Interactive Environment in the Context of Developing Countries in sub-Saharan Africa

The paper discusses the state of the interactive environment in the context of developing countries and relates this to the library and information service (LIS) professionals' ethos on freedom of information. It highlights the role of LIS professionals in adaptive integration of the concept of “leap-frogging,” in support of the struggle for equal access to information for citizens. Drawing from the literature of developed countries, the paper then focuses on ethical issues to which LIS professionals in developing countries need to be sensitized. It encompasses freedom of information, copyright and privacy of information. It concludes by recognizing the need for the reinforcement of education on ethical issues for LIS professionals in developing countries and the role of library associations in sensitization efforts.     

Information needs of academic medical scientists at Chulalongkorn University

The information needs of scientists in English-speaking countries have been studied and reported in the library literature. However, few studies exist on the information-seeking patterns of scientists in developing countries, and no study has examined the information needs of medical scientists in developing Asian countries. This study investigated the information needs of academic medical scientists at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. The results indicate that medical scientists have three types of information needs: identifying up-to-date information, obtaining relevant studies and data, and developing research topics. Thai scientists' information-seeking behavior was different from that of scientists in developed countries. The study shows a high use of libraries as information providers; Thai medical scientists rely heavily on information from abroad.     

LIS curriculum in French-speaking West Africa in the age of ICTs: The case of Benin and Senegal

LIS training programme in Africa date from early independence period. In French-speaking West African area, few countries have an LIS school. The existing schools have been created in partnership with either an international organization or a northern country. The curriculum delivered is not always updated as in developed countries. The main objective of this article is to measure the gap between LIS curriculum as actually delivered in developed and developing countries in the age of the information and communication technologies (ICTs). A couple of schools were chosen—English and French-speaking area—from Northern America and Western Europe; their curriculum served as basis for evaluating those in West African French-speaking countries. The conclusion that can be drawn from the study is that LIS curriculum in Africa has changed less since the schools’ first creation and ICTs are not present as in Western countries. This trend brings out the problem of the curriculum pertinence and the competitiveness of the graduate students in the international employment market.     

Challenges of an Interactive Environment in the Context of Developing Countries in sub-Saharan Africa

The paper discusses the state of the interactive environment in the context of developing countries and relates this to the library and information service (LIS) professionals' ethos on freedom of information. It highlights the role of LIS professionals in adaptive integration of the concept of “leap-frogging,” in support of the struggle for equal access to information for citizens. Drawing from the literature of developed countries, the paper then focuses on ethical issues to which LIS professionals in developing countries need to be sensitized. It encompasses freedom of information, copyright and privacy of information. It concludes by recognizing the need for the reinforcement of education on ethical issues for LIS professionals in developing countries and the role of library associations in sensitization efforts.     

The challenge of being small and unknown

Authors who write in little-known languages, or who are at the beginning of their careers, have difficulty in finding an international audience. Their problems include the inability of editors to evaluate untranslated work, the absence of foreign publishers' agents and scouts in small countries, the inability of foreign publishers to place a new work in its national context, lack of interest among readers in some countries in foreign literature, and the dearth of foreign rights managers in the publishing houses of small countries.