Determination of the genus-specific antigens in outer membrane proteins from the strains of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira biflexa with different virulence

INTRODUCTIONInfectionbyL.interrogansischaracterizedbyhemorrhage,diarrhea,jaundice,severerenalim-pairment,andasepticmeningitis.Leptospirosisisspreadfromanimalurinetohumansandiscon-sideredtobethemostwidespreadanthropozoono-sisintheworld.Thisdiseaseiscommoninfarmersandveterinarians,butcanalsobetransmittedthroughcontaminatedwaterinfloodedareas.Inparticular,leptospirosisisoneofthemostimportant2001;Kupeketal.,2000).LeptospiraisdividedintoLeptospirainterrogansandLeptospirabiflexa.Theformerispa…     

Determination of the genus-specific antigens in outer membrane proteins from the strains of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptospira interrogans</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptospira biflexa</Emphasis> with different virulence

Objective: To determine the existence of genus-specific antigens in outer membrane proteins (OMPs) ofleptospira with different virulence. Methods: Microscope agglutination test (MAT) was applied to detect the agglutination between commercial rabbit antiserum against leptospiral genus-specific TR/Patoc I antigen and 17 strains ofLeptospira interrongans belonging to 15 serogroups and 2 strains ofLeptospira biflexa belonging to 2 serogroups. The outer envelopes (OEs) ofLinterrogans serogroupIcterohaemorrhagiae serovarlai strainlai (56601) with strong virulence and serogroupPomona serovarpomona strainLuo (56608) with low virulence, andL. biflexa serogroupSemaranga serovarpatoc strainPatoc I without virulence were prepared by using the method reported in Auranet al. (1972). OMPs in the OEs were obtained by treatment with sodium deoxycholate. SDS-PAGE and western blot were used for analyzing the features of the OMPs on electrophoretic pattern and the immunoreactivity to the antiserum against TR/Patoc I antigen, respectively. Results: All the tested strains belonging to different leptospiral serogroups agglutinated to the antiserum against leptospiral genus-specific TR/Patoc I antigen with agglutination titers ranging from 1:256–1:512. A similar SDS-PAGE pattern of the OMPs from the three strains ofleptospira with different virulence was shown and the molecular weight of a major protein fragment in the OMPs was found to be approximately 60 Kda. A positive protein fragment with approximately 32 KDa confirmed by Western blot, was able to react with the antiserum against leptospiral genus-specific TR/Patoc I antigen, and was found in each the OMPs of the three stains ofleptospira. Conclusion: There are genus-specific antigens on the surface ofL.interrogans andL.biflexa. The OMP with molecular weight of 32 KDa may be one of the genus-specific protein antigens ofleptospira. Project (No. 39970678) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

犬冠状病毒TN449株纤突蛋白基因的克隆、序列分析

通过对犬冠状病毒TN449株纤突蛋白基因的克隆测序,将获得的序列与GeneBank中登陆的犬冠状病毒不同毒株S基因序列进行比较,分析它们的同源性、差异程度,同时绘制核苷酸序列及其氨基酸序列的系统进化树.有助于了解犬冠状病毒的抗原变异、血清型和毒力变化规律.     

A homolog of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Riemerella anatipestifer is an extracellular protein and exhibits biological activity

Riemerella anatipestifer is the causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa in ducks. Its pathogenesis and virulence factors are still unclear. The glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an anchorless and multifunctional protein on the surface of several pathogenic microorganisms, is involved in virulence and adhesion. Whether homologs of GAPDH exist, and display similar characteristics in R. anatipestifer (RaGAPDH) has not been determined. In our research, the RaGAPDH activity from various R. anatipestifer isolates was confirmed. Twenty-two gapdh genes from genomic DNA of R. anatipestifer isolates were cloned and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The distribution of RaGAPDH in R. anatipestifer CZ2 strain was confirmed by antisera to recombinant RaGAPDH. The ability of purified RaGAPDH to bind host proteins was analyzed by solid-phase ligand-binding assay. Results revealed that all R. anatipestifer isolates showed different levels of GAPDH activity except four strains, which contained a gapdh-like gene. The gapdh of R. anatipestifer, which is located phylogenetically in the same branch as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), belonged to class I GAPDH, and encoded a 36.7-kDa protein. All RaGAPDH-encoding gene sequences from field isolates of R. anatipestifer displayed 100% homology. The RaGAPDH localized on the extracellular membrane of several R. anatipestifer strains. Further, it was released into the culture medium, and exhibited GAPDH enzyme activity. We also confirmed the binding of RaGAPDH to plasminogen and fibrinogen. These results demonstrated that GAPDH was present in R. anatipestifer, although not in all strains, and that RaGAPDH might contribute to the microorganism’s virulence.     

ICA69基因工程融合抗原的制备

基于基因工程技术 ,用PCR法扩增出编码ICA6 9的cDNA片段 ,直接克隆到pSPORT 1质粒上 ,经DNA序列测定 ,插入到GST融合蛋白表达载体 pGEX 2T ,构成重组质粒 p2T ICA6 9,得到的表达产物GST ICA6 9融合蛋白用间接ELISA法检测其免疫原性 .测序结果表明 ,所获PCR产物已正确重组到PGEX 2T表达型质粒中 .重组质粒在原核细胞中表达的融合蛋白具有免疫原性 ,并能应用于Ⅰ型糖尿病病人血清中抗ICA6 9抗体的检测 .所获得的表达产物为重组ICA6 9融合抗原 ,有助于提高Ⅰ型糖尿病的预报率和确诊率 .     

豫北地区猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离与鉴定

从豫北地区发病猪场采得144份仔猪黄、白痢检样，共分离出大肠杆菌63株，经血清学试验鉴定为O2 8株、O139 8株、O101 7株、O138 7株、O20 6株、O60 6株、O95株、O45 3株、O63 3株、O141 2株、O149 2株、O147 1株、O8 1株，另有4株未能定型，以O2，O139，O101，O138，O20，O60，O9等株血清型占优势。对不同分离株进行了药敏试验。本研究结果为豫北地区致病性猪大肠杆菌药物敏感性试验和多价灭活苗的制作提供了基础，对指导规模化养猪场大肠杆菌病综合防治模式的制定，对预防猪大肠杆菌病具有重要意义。     

Working against globalisation: the role of the media and national education in Singapore

This article discusses how the media and schools are used as disciplinary apparatuses to resist and work against globalisation in Singapore. Aihwa Ong calls the deployment of state ideological apparatuses, such as the media and schools, acts of ‘reassemblage’, when technocrats resort to assemble institutions, diverse Government practice and political values to engage in citizenship production. The National Education curriculum package introduced to Singapore schools is one example of ‘reassemblage’, which aims to reinvent subject‐citizens who are perceived as lacking cultural mooring and a national identity. I argue that in the context of globalisation, this cultural experimentation of constructing a national identity and creating a sense of belonging is fraught with ruptures, as ‘youthscapes’ and new communication technologies are potentially the liminal spaces where other sources of identities are up for grabs. These liminal spaces further allow youths to perform ‘elective belonging’ rather than a sense of belonging bound by the ‘national’ and ‘local’.     

不同球孢白僵菌菌株对马尾松毛虫致病性评价

选择9个球孢白僵菌Beauveriabassiana菌株对4龄马尾松毛虫Dendrolimuspunctatus幼虫进行毒力测定。结果显示,菌株Bb1900对马尾松毛虫幼虫的校正死亡率达96．16％,侵染率达86．67％,在孢子浓度为1×10^7孢子／mL时的半致死中时仅为4．62d,显示出对目标害虫的较强毒力,在马尾松毛虫的生物防治中将有重要的应用价值。     

Decolonising dominant knowledge constructions in the education of immigrant youth in Canada

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the dominant knowledge construction in Canadian public schools. Using the grounded theory approach, thirty-six Chinese Canadian youths and young adults were interviewed in Alberta. Drawing on critical, anticolonial and Bourdieusian perspectives, I argue that some teachers’ racialised habitus and biased knowledge constructions devalued the indigenous knowledges that immigrant youth bring to the classroom. Moreover, they reproduced anti-immigrant discourses and reinforced racial hierarchies in Canadian society. As a consequence, they negatively affect the identity construction of immigrant descendants and undermine their attempts to negotiate a sense of belonging in Canada. I argue that decolonising dominant knowledge constructions requires challenging teachers’ racialised habitus in teaching and their interactions with immigrant students.     

Epistemological shifts in knowledge and education in Islam: A new perspective on the emergence of radicalization amongst Muslims

I theorize that the idea of knowledge and education has shifted in Islam from an inclusive and rational search for all knowledge to a narrowed focus on religious knowledge, void of rationality. By synthesizing literature on education and knowledge in Islam, this study identifies three shifts in the cultural history of Islamic education. I argue that those shifts in what was deemed valuable knowledge have played a significant role in the emergence of radicalization today. The study shows that once the social world of Islam destabilized, the sense of belonging and sense making became inward and less reflexive as compared to that of early Muslims. Belief became privileged over the rationality mechanisms that had previously formed Islamic endeavors. I demonstrate that a decline in intellectual and scientific production followed, allowing extremists to skew Islam’s narrative by putting forward an idealized version of the Islamic caliphate divorced from rationality.     

Poetic inquiry: understanding youth on the margins of education

In this article, I argue that poetic inquiry is a valuable method for producing knowledge that complements current research into ‘what works’ in reintegrating young people into secondary education. Researching ‘what works’ and ‘finding effects’ leads to insight into which interventions and tools are the focus of the research, and effectiveness is the goal. In contrast, poetic inquiry shifts the focus from the tools and interventions to the young people and their experience of their situation, the system, and opportunities. The goal is a more general understanding, rather than an assessment of effectiveness. I argue that as a qualitative research method, poetic inquiry can evoke emotion and illuminate the polyvocality of experience, which is important when understanding these young people. By use of poetic examples, the article demonstrates how the young people have pronounced experiences of deficiency, uncertainty, failure, but also of hope, certainty, and belonging.     

Eyes Wide Shut: Recent Educational Policy in the Light of Changing Notions of English Identity*

Although Curriculum 2000 includes some welcome changes, such as the inclusion of drama, it is essentially a missed opportunity. I argue that it fails to address the complexity of modern life. In many academic areas, including literature, issues of identity are central to fundamental debates. Such debates have been precipitated by increasing economic globalisation and the consequent increase in interdependence between people from diverse cultural heritages. Although this situation is not new, the social and technological changes of recent decades have altered the pace of such developments. In most cities school populations reflect such changes. In this paper I argue that there are substantial gaps in the curriculum which derive mainly from government policy being premised on crude and obsolete notions of English identity. Such notions lead to a confusion of the concepts of culture and citizenship as modes of belonging. In my view both of these factors severely constrain our ability to construct a critical curriculum which adequately addresses contemporary interests and dilemmas.     

Bacterial and archaeal communities in the surface sediment from the northern slope of the South China Sea

Microbial diversity of sediments from the northern slope of the South China Sea was studied by constructing bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Fourteen bacterial phylogenetic groups were detected, including Gammaproteo-bacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Alphaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Nitrospirae, candidate divisions OP8 and OP11, and an unknown group. Gammaproteobacteria was the predominant group in bacterial libraries with the percentage ranging from 31.8% to 63.2%. However, archaeal libraries had relatively lower diversity, with most clones belonging to marine archaeal group I uncultured Crenarchaeota. In addition, two novel euryarchaeal clones were detected not to match any culture-dependent or -independent isolates. Compared with other gas hydrate-rich ecosystems and different areas of the South China Sea, a distinct microbial community was revealed in this study.     

浅析民办高校校园文化建设的认同感和归属感

民办高校在经历了二十几年的不断创新与发展之后,已经逐渐成为了教育行业的新生力量。但是面对着当前越演越烈的一个办学竞争现状,民办高校已经遇到了发展的瓶颈问题。到底应该怎么去做,才能让正处于蓬勃发展中的民办高校,能够顺利的从众多高等院校中脱颖而出,成为我们国家高等教育的重要组成部分,是一些相关人士一致探究的重要课题。本文就是从民办高校的实际情况出发,根据民办高校的办学特点,阐述民办高校校园文化建设的重要性,并通过文化建设构建出学生的认同感与归属感,从而推进民办高校能更快更好的发展。     

鹤城区舞水河原生动物多样性及水质状况初步调查

2009年5月对怀化市鹤城区舞水河流域9个样点的原生动物多样性及水质进行初步调查．结果表明：舞水河鹤城区段原生动物共计2纲、14属、23种,原生动物群落的多样性以舞水一桥最高、伊家三组最低;就氨氮而言,干流水质达到了Ⅲ类水质标准,支流太平溪则未达V类水质标准;以原生动物多样性指数进行水质评价,除舞水一桥为轻度污染外,其余各采样点均为中度污染．据此,讨论了造成水质污染的原因,并提出了治理污染的合理建议．     

Escaping oppositional thinking in the teaching of pleasure and danger in sexuality education

Sexuality education and preventative sexual abuse education are often taught as separate subjects in secondary schools. This paper extends the argument against this separation by highlighting flaws in the logic that manifests this separation. Diffracting critical sexuality education theory with the monist logic of new materialism, I rethink sexuality as an array of intra-acting¹1. ‘In contrast to the usual term interaction, which assumes that there are separate individual agencies that precede their interaction, the notion of intra-action recognizes that distinct agencies do not precede, but rather emerge through, their intra-action’ (Barad 2007 Barad, Karen. 2003. “Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter.” Signs 28 (3): 801–831. doi: 10.1086/345321[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 33). bodies that are always in a process of becoming anew. Realising the belonging together of dualist terms [Bergson, Henri. 1896 [1911]. Matter and Memory. Translated and edited by Nancy Margaret Paul and W. Scott Palmer. London: George Allen &; Unwin Ltd.] and how the reductive structure of dualist logic affirms an original ‘One’, I argue that the feminist push for pleasure-based, sex-positive education affirms sex-negative attitudes. Embracing Barad's [Barad, Karen. 2007. Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham: Duke University Press.] notion of ethics as inescapable entanglement woven through all matter(ing), I suggest that rather than any particular ‘aspect’ of sexuality being emphasised in sexuality education it would be more useful to centre classroom discussions on ethics, as inescapable entanglement.