力量训练在投掷项目中的应用

正投掷项目在运动训练学中属于体能主导类快速力量项群,是一项以力量和速度为主要支撑的运动项目,投掷运动员力量的大小,直接关系到所取得的成绩的大小。力量是掌握投掷技术和提高专项成绩的基础。投掷运动员要提高快速力量训练水平,必须加强专项力量训练,解决好快速力量训练向专项力量训练的过渡和转化。     

浅谈青少年投掷运动员力量训练

力量训练是青少年投掷运动员提高运动成绩的重要手段之一,同时对掌握技术、技能有着直接影响。力量素质训练已是青少年投掷运动员训练中重要内容．     

浅谈少年标枪运动员的快速力量训练

现代标枪训练对于运动员的全面身体素质及专项投掷能力的要求越来越高,在专项技术训练中,抓好快速力量训练是取得成绩的关健。投掷运动受的力量训练与举重运动员的力量训练目的不同。举重比赛是将重物举起来站稳就算成功,而投掷运动员的力量训练,是通过力量训练促进专项投掷成绩的提高为最终目的。尤其是标枪运动,是器械较轻,助跑距离较长项目,需要快速协调力量。本人通过多年的标枪训练,理论实践,根据运动力学、运动训练学等学科的原理,采用和制定快速力量练习的训练方法,取代了传统的以大力量为主的力量练习,使少年标枪运动员成绩和技术,都得到很大的提高。     

投掷运动员最大力量训练方法与手段的探讨——以山西师大体育学院投掷组为例

采用文献资料法、对比分析法和数理统计法,以投掷运动员最大力量的训练方法和手段为研究对象,以山西师范大学体育学院投掷组7名投掷运动员为调查对象,通过4周的训练,对运动员在训练前和训练后的成绩进行比对.山西师大体育学院投掷组队员最大力量差异较大,技术不过关,身体素质较差.通过4周在全面力量训练基础上,不断提高投掷运动员的最大力量和专项力量.     

青少年投掷运动员的力量训练

力量训练是投掷运动员最重要的身体训练之一,力量的大小会直接影响到其他素质的发展,影响到正确技术的掌握和专项成绩的提高。因此,国内外从事投掷项目的教练员和运动员都特别重视力量的发展。我国投掷项目(尤其是重器械项目)的成绩,与世界先进水平相比差距很大,其主     

对铁饼运动员力量素质训练方法的研究

力量素质是影响投掷运动员投掷能力的决定性因素之一,它是投掷运动中的重要素质,是掌握技术和创造优异成绩的基础。铁饼是一项力量速度性项目,力量的大小直接影响投掷的成绩,因此力量训练在铁饼运动员的身体素质训练中占有重要地位。铁饼运动员的力量训练早已被广大的教练员和运动员所重视,而且力争在训练中采用有效的手段和方法,努力发展运动员的力量素质。力量训练大体可分为两类,一类称为一般力量训练或最大力量训练,采用的手段多数是抓举、卧推、半蹲、高翻等,作为发展基础力量的主要手段,经过系统有效的练习,可以增强运动员的躯干与四肢的肌肉力量。另一类称为专项力量训练,是指与专项技术动作有直接关系近似于专项技术动作的力量练习。掷铁饼是以力量为基础、速度为核心的速度力量性项目．铁饼运动员速度力量的发展水平与投掷成绩密切相关。快速力量主要表现形式就是爆发力,在速度力量性项目中,爆发力的好坏直接决定着运动成绩的优劣,在发展最大力量的基础上积极发展爆发力,从而提高快速力量。这样既能促进最大力量水平的提高,又能使快速力量训练效果倍增。正确认识力量训练的内涵和分类,对力量训练手段的选择和科学的进行力量训练以及保证训练进行有着重要的意义。     

使用不同重量器械进行训练快速提高投掷成绩

在投掷项目中,想要获得较好成绩,除良好的技术外,专项力量与快速的爆发力是必不可少的。如果要快速提高投掷成绩,必须快速提高两者的力量,但在投掷训练中,发展运动员的专项力量与发展快速的爆发力在一定程度上是相互矛盾的。运动员大力量练习安排比重大,专项力量发展了,但快速的爆发力就会减弱。出手速度在一定程度上就会减弱,反之,快速力量练习安排较多,专项力量又不会有很大提高。如何在训练中使运动员的专项力量与快速力量相互协调发展就是快速提高投掷成绩的关键,使用不同重量器械进行训练则是解决这个问题的最好方法。     

投掷运动员的力量训练

力量训练是投掷运动员最重要的身体训练之一,力量的大小会直接影响到其他素质的发展,正确合理技术的掌握和专项成绩的提高。因此,国内外从事投掷项目的教练员和运动员都特别重视力量的发展。我国投掷项目(尤其是重器械的项目)的成绩。与世界先进水平相比差距很大。其主要原因是力量水平相差很大(当然技术水平和其他素质也有差距)。如以重器械投掷运动员的杠铃深蹲一项相比较:世界优秀运动员的杠铃深蹲均在300     

投掷运动中人体对器械做功分析及力量训练原理探讨

通过对投掷运动中人体作用器械做功的分析,提出了提高运动员专项力量的训练原理。力量训练时,必须考虑影响投掷项目运动成绩的关键因素,肌肉收缩的速度与力量特性以及器械做功与运动成绩关系的力学特征等规律。提出了加强最大力量训练是提高运动成绩的基础,加强峰值力量训练是提高运动成绩的重点,加强速度力量训练是提高运动成绩的关键。     

少年投掷运动员的训练

投掷项目运动成绩的不断提高,迫使教练员对有潜力的少年运动员更加注重早期的技术和力量训练。他们已经提出了多样化的训练方法,用以提高少年选手的各项投掷水平。一般认为,在运动员的整个运动生涯中,投掷速度和节奏变化得相对较少,但力     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.