Real-Time Politics: The Internet and the Political Process

Research on the Internet's role in politics has struggled to transcend technological determinism--the assumption, often inadvertent, that the technology simply imprints its own logic on social relationships. An alternative approach traces the ways, often numerous, in which an institution's participants appropriate the technology in the service of goals, strategies, and relationships that the institution has already organized. This amplification model can be applied in analyzing the Internet's role in politics. After critically surveying a list of widely held views on the matter, this article illustrates how the amplification model might be applied to concrete problems. These include the development of social networks and ways that technology is used to bind people together into a polity.     

网络资源在英语跨文化教学中的运用

信息时代,互联网是人们生活必不可少的部分。网络上前所未有的丰富资源和其跨越时空的互动性为外语教和学带来了革命性的改变。在英语跨文化教学中,运用网络资源已经成了势不可挡的潮流。但是怎样更好地将其纳入跨文化外语教学,是需要不断地理论联系实际地加以探讨的。本文着重阐述了互联网上有哪些可以利用的资源和怎样利用这些资源,以及网络资源运用于英语跨文化教学的优点。     

行业协会发展中的外部困境及对策分析

近年来,随着市场经济的完善和加入WTO以后市场竞争的加剧,行业协会功能日益增强,无论是对企业、政府还是社会都具有非常重要的意义,这也正是我们急需完善行业协会外部环境的重要原因。文章对行业协会的法律环境、政府环境以及企业环境进行了分析,并针对性提出若干建议,以促进行业协会更快、更健康地发展。     

传统图书馆分类法的网络适用性研究

电子版图书馆分类法的编制和应用,使联机分类数据在计算机情报检索系统中的作用得到提升。因特网和WWW等网络资源的增长,新的网络信息技术和信息检索工具给图书馆分类法提出了新问题,将其与“网络目录”的对应比较可知,传统图书馆分类法的网络应用适应性,以及今后要成为面向传统文献及网络资源的统一检索界面,所应注意改进的方向。     

Civil Society and Cyber Society: The Role of the Internet in Community Associations and Democratic Politics

A healthy civil society has long been held as vital to a healthy democracy and there is interest in whether the Internet affects this linkage. This paper explores the relationships between offline and online modes of associational life and also analyzes offline and online interactions with local governments in the US context. Based on our empirical analyses of 1,203 respondents, we show that online participation is not simply an extension of offline participation, but can be distinguished in important ways. First, we find that political and community-oriented engagements cluster separately from more private-regarding engagements. Second, participants of online democratic engagement are not characterized by the SES markers associated with offline democratic engagement who are older, have higher incomes, and have lived in the community longer. Finally, we find significant links between democratic engagement with the political system and involvement with political associations (but not social and community-oriented associations).     

基于句法语义的网络舆论情感倾向性评价技术研究

提出一个基于句法语义的情感倾向性评测算法。首先构建特定领域的情感语料库,然后提取情感知识库,为后续情感分析提供必要的基本数据。算法以句子为基本单位进行处理,运用基于扩展句法树的语言处理模型,从单句到篇章计算文本情感倾向。实验证实该方法是有效的。     

Domesticating Computers and the Internet

The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years. In the beginning highly educated people, mostly men, in technical professions used computers for work, but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes. This trend is still continuing, and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet. This paper uses data from four national surveys to document how personal computers and the Internet have become increasingly domesticated since 1995 and to explore the mechanisms for this shift. Now people log on more often from home than from places of employment and do so for pleasure and for personal purposes rather than for their jobs. Analyses comparing veteran Internet users to novices in 1998 and 2000 and analyses comparing the change in use within a single sample between 1995 and 1996 support two complementary explanations for how these technologies have become domesticated. Women, children, and less well-educated individuals are increasingly using computers and the Internet and have a more personal set of motives than well-educated men. In addition, the widespread diffusion of the PC and the Internet and the response of the computing industry to the diversity in consumers has led to a rich set of personal and domestic services.     

Fizz in the Field: Toward a Basis for an Emergent Internet Studies

This article examines the history and future prospects of the formation of Internet studies. It is argued that although a traditional field or disciplinary structure is not yet in place, the current interdisciplinary aggregations may have the makings of institutionalized academic units. Through comparison with the institutionalization of other interdisiciplinary areas of study (primarily that of communication and cultural studies), an argument is made for the need to create a firm intellectual foundation on which an Internet/studies can be built. Such a foundation should not only include sufficient and clear understanding of cognate fields but also include a foregrounding of power (as theoretical construct and practice) as a means of engaging the field in the world.     

Internet Galaxy Meets Postnational Constellation: Prospects for Political Solidarity After the Internet

France's early adoption of Minitel and EDI in the 1980s was both a stimulus and an inhibitor to Internet-based e-commerce. It hindered the adoption of the Internet, but it also created the conditions for a rapid catch up when France switched to the Internet in 1997. The French were already open to the use of IT, a dense network of online specialists and information service providers already existed, and many investments required to go digital were already made. On the other hand, by mid-2001 France was still far behind the early adopters of e-commerce over the Internet. This is because the French catch-up was checked by the implosion of the Internet financial bubble in 2000. Second, many Internet-based business models did not fit the French distribution channels. These differences suggest that e-commerce paths of development can be differentiated among nations, because both needs and solutions differ. This conclusion goes against the conventional wisdom that e-commerce will lead to the emergence of an integrated global marketplace in which common commercial practices will be implemented.     

Democratic and Anti-Democratic Regulators of the Internet: A Framework

We employ Lessig's framework of regulation to conceptualize the relationship between the Internet and democracy. Lessig defines four classes of regulators, forces that control and define systems such as the Internet. They are markets, architectures, norms, and laws. We propose that a “democratic regulator” is a force that serves to enhance civil or political liberties. And we argue by example that there are democratic (and, indeed, anti-democratic) regulators that control aspects of cyberspace. Expressing the democratic effects of the Internet in this manner may prove useful for future comparisons across existing Internet and democracy theories, especially in the realm of quantitative analyses.     

Feminist Rhetoric in Cyberspace: The Ethos of Feminist Usenet Newsgroups

Users of the Internet are stripped of voice inflections, body language, and other common cues of conversation-only their words are left. Some claim that the lack of these social cues and the lack of hierarchy in the structure of the Internet provide the potential for equality in cyberspace. Many others have shown, though, that the issues of power in cyberspace are similar to the issues of power in physical space. This article examines an intersection of feminism and cyberspace in the ethos of online discussion. It is a rhetorical analysis of two popular feminist newsgroups, alt.feminism and soc.feminism. Do these newsgroups create a feminist and inclusive space online? What are the rhetorical strategies that make an online space more or less inclusive of women? Usenet newsgroups reveal the rhetorical power of these bare words. Although no formal means of discrimination is built into Usenet newsgroup discussions, discrimination does occur through the subtle and not so subtle use of language. This article looks at how various characteristics of language are used on the two newsgroups. Though the ethos on such discussion forums is dynamic, the analysis reveals examples of how sarcastic questioning, strong assertions, accusatory disagreements, and sexistcomments can create a hostile and noninclusive ethos.     

The Internet in China: A Meta-Review of Research

To understand the ultimate status of Internet studies, it is necessary to observe from both a holistic and a particularistic perspective. This article examines one small area of research, the Internet in China, to use that case study as a lens with which to discern the development of Internet studies. By comparing this micro view of the parameters, agendas, and research foci of Chinese Internet research to the larger body of Internet research, it draws insights into the present and future of Internet studies more generally.     

Making Space for Religion in Internet Studies

This article seeks to address how religion fits into the larger domain of Internet studies and why studies of religion within computer-mediated communication (CMC) need to be given more attention. An argument is made for the need to take religion online more seriously, not just because it is an interesting phenomenon or a popular use of the Internet, but also because religion continues to be an important part of contemporary life for many people. A summary of the growth and development of religion online is presented along with an overview of how religion has been approached and studied on the Internet. This review shows what CMC studies of religion might offer in approaching research questions related to authority, identity construction, and community online. It calls for recognition of the contribution, and possibilities that underrepresented areas within interdisciplinary research, like religion, might offer Internet studies as a whole.     

网络时代的大学生思想政治教育对策研究

随着校园网技术教育的普及与发展,大学生是上网的主要人群。他们的思维方式、行为模式、价值观念、政治信仰、心理发展、伦理道德和意识形态等必将受到网络的深刻影响,尤其是网络引发的大学生心理健康问题更为突出,情况严重者会导致大学生患上交往障碍症等心理疾病。高校思想政治教育者应通过有效的引导和疏通,使学生充分利用网络的优势获取更多的知识,避免陷入误区;培养良好的思维方式,提高识别信息、认识问题的能力,促进大学生的身心健康成长。     

网络个人信息隐私认证机制探讨

通过实例介绍美国、日本和我国开展个人信息认证保护的实践情况,评析网络个人信息隐私认证机制的优势和不足,提出完善的对策,并对发展我国的网络个人信息隐私认证机制阐明观点。     

我国物联网发展的现状与规划

我国正处在经济飞速发展的新的历史阶段,物联网被列为新兴战略性产业重点发展。物联网及相关产业发展的时机日趋成熟,推动物联网发展的良好态势正在形成。介绍了上海、江苏、北京、福建的物联网发展规划。     

The Reality beyond the Hype: Mobile Internet is Primarily an Extension of PC-Based Internet

The mobile Internet (MI) has been hyped as the next big thing by telecom operators, handset manufacturers, and content providers. However, recent studies indicate that the usage of Internet via mobile phones has remained quite flat. The authors inquire into this discrepancy by focusing on actual usage of the MI and the motivating factors behind its use. Based on focus-group interviews in Norway and Hungary, they argue that MI usage is interrelated with and is an extension of the personal computer (PC)–based Internet. The key motivation behind MI use is to attain information in situations in which the PC is out of reach. In effect, MI has not led to the development of new usages. The expectation that the development of new killer applications will lead to an explosion of new usage is therefore misguided. MI usage is and will perhaps continue to be a mere extension of PC-based Internet usage—and such use activities are the very nature of MI.     

Anonymous Communication Policies for the Internet: Results and Recommendations of the AAAS Conference

The Internet offers new opportunities for anonymous and pseudonymous communications. Users can, for example, engage in political advocacy, receive counseling, and perform commercial transactions without disclosing their identities. The cloak of anonymity can also facilitate socially unacceptable or criminal activities because of the difficulty in holding anonymous users accountable. This article reports the results of a conference on anonymous communication organized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Among the findings were that online anonymous communication is morally neutral; that it should be considered a strong human and constitutional right; that online communities should be allowed to set their own policies on the use of anonymous communication; and that individuals should be informed about the extent to which their identity is disclosed online. The article discusses how anonymous communications can be shaped by the law, education, and public awareness, and highlights the importance of involving all affected interests in policy development.