著腔子唱好诗——宋人歌诗方法分析

宋人歌诗采用了一种特殊的方法———“著腔子” ,即借用现成的曲调歌唱。这一现象 ,前贤略有述及 ,惜未作细致分析。宋人唱好诗 ,所借之腔主要有《阳关》 (《渭城曲》)、《小秦王》、《瑞鹧鸪》、《木兰花》、《竹枝》、《柳枝》、《鹧鸪天》等 ,所歌诗体主要为七绝、七律。歌七绝多用《竹枝》 ,歌七律惯用《瑞鹧鸪》。歌唱方法或加和声 ,或用叠 ,或依字而歌。文中对之作了尝试性分析     

杜甫《夔州歌》小笺

<正> 不少学者都喜欢将《夔州歌》与竹枝词作比较,可是比来比去并找不出它们之间有多少相似之处。譬如,杨西河一方面说“十首亦竹枝词体”,一方面又说它“自是老境”。浦二田则认为它虽然“间有俚句”,可是“体格特高”,如果“放低便是竹枝词”。翁方纲认为“杜公虽无竹枝,而《夔州歌》之类即开其端”,可是接着又说“其吞吐之大,则非但语竹枝者所敢望也”,竹枝词当是“另属一调”。从这些名家所作的比较中,我们只看到《夔州歌》自身的诸多特点,并看不出它与竹枝有多少共同点。既然如此,那又何必类比呢?也许作这种类比是为了提醒人们,杜甫的这类诗歌与民歌的渊源关系吧。这用意当然无可厚非。不过也不必尽在竹枝上做文章。俚句、拗句,成都时期的七绝中就不少见。象《漫兴九首》、《江畔独步寻花七绝句》等,论其韵味,比《夔州歌》更接近竹枝的“凄惋悲怨”①。其实     

东坡《竹枝歌》可入词集--与曾枣庄先生商榷

曾枣庄《需》文全盘否定饶晓明论《竹枝》等40首为新增东坡词。但据史料考证《,竹枝歌》可入东坡词,而非曾文所说“的楚声即楚辞”的纯诗。因为早在唐代《,竹枝》即为教坊曲名,后用为词牌。刘禹锡并已有了《竹枝新辞》“的倚声填词”词作,五代或宋初的词总集《尊前集》中也有《竹枝》词调,宋人和苏轼自己也认为《竹枝》是词。清代万树《词律》和康熙《钦定词谱》都在卷一首列了《竹枝》词牌,因而可确认东坡《竹枝歌》应属词作。文末对曾枣庄的文风献了忠言。     

《瑞鹧鸪》词调浅论

《瑞鹧鸪》调定格为56字体,另有64字体、86字体、88字体等变格。其发端可追溯到梁简文帝,其填制始于五代,兴盛于宋代,在金元时期开始衰落。《瑞鹧鸪》可和乐歌唱,在演唱之前,有前奏——慢灌子。《瑞鹧鸪》在形式和体制上与七言律诗、《舞春风》、《鹧鸪天》有诸多相似之处。     

论李东阳《竹枝歌》的艺术特色

人们对李东阳的研究主要侧重其诗歌理论及其散文，很少关注其诗歌的内容，尤其是缺乏对其《竹枝歌》的重视。他在湖南写的20首《竹枝歌》，突破了当时台阁体独霸诗坛的格局。不落时俗，另辟蹊径，以细腻的笔触描写了湖南的人文景观及民俗风情，蕴涵了丰富的文化意蕴，具有浓郁的地方色彩；同时，其《竹枝歌》也实践了李东阳提倡主情，力主自然的诗学主张，从而也就形成了李东阳《竹枝歌》独特的艺术特色：     

南宋咏梅诗人张道洽佚作辑补

南宋诗人张道洽一生创作咏梅诗三百余首,然《全宋诗》中所存仅九十六首,不及总数三分之一。今据明人王思义所编《香雪林集》辑补出五绝六首、七律二十五首、七绝三十首,共计六十一首。这些诗歌或直接署名“张道洽”,或署“张泽民”“实斋”,其中一部分还可在他人诗文中找到旁证,当为张道洽之作无疑。此外,《（崇祯）开化县志》中还存有一篇署名“张道洽”的《梅花诗序》,文中所述之事与张道洽生平行迹相合,部分文句与《瀛奎律髓》《宋百家诗存》摘引者相同,亦当为张道洽之作。     

何绍基诗选注前言(二)

何绍基所著《东洲草堂诗钞》,共有二千余首,五律、七律、五古、七古、七绝均皆擅长,达到了当时诗歌水平的最高成就,还提供了前人没有提供的新东西.下面拟就它的艺术特色,作个粗浅分析,从五个大的方面来说:     

台湾《竹枝词》散论

《竹枝词》起源很早。唐代的文人顾况、李涉、刘禹锡,白居易都写过《竹枝词》,其中以刘禹锡最著名。《竹枝词》的形式类似七绝,但平仄较绝句宽。《竹枝词》原是巴地(今四川重庆)一带的民歌。刘禹锡《竹枝词·序》云: 四方之歌,音异而同乐。岁正月,余在建平,里中儿联歌《竹枝》,吹短笛,击鼓以赴节。歌者扬袂舞睢。以曲多为贤,聆其音中黄钟之羽,率章激讦如吴声。虽伧佇不可分,而含思宛转,有《淇澳》之艳音。     

登高的豪情——读崔颢《黄鹤楼》

"眼前有景道不得,崔颢题诗在上头",崔颢曾以一首《黄鹤楼》诗,使得大诗人李白甘拜下风,以至于发出这样的慨叹。宋人严羽誉其为"唐人七言律诗第一",后人更是推为"七律压卷"之作。全诗是这样的:     

王昌龄获当时之诗名乃因七绝而非由五古－与骆礼刚先生商榷

骆礼刚先生在《王昌龄二题》一文中认为：王昌龄获当时之诗名非由七绝乃因五古。笔者认为，王昌龄引用已诗时多为五古，实时其向生徒讲授五古的做法时所致。而并非其有意推崇自己的五古。无论从王昌龄对七绝创作所投注的热情和所取得的成就来看，还是从当时诗坛五大创作的诗人群落及王昌龄在其中所处的地位来看，抑或从王昌龄七绝于当时多被诸管统争相传唱的实际情况来看，王昌龄获当时之诗名确因七绝而非由五古。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.