数学·技术·数学教育

数学可以部分地理解为是对数、逻辑、空间和结构的功能和模式的研究.技术发展和数学发展之间的联系贯穿整个历史.无论是以手持还是以计算机操作平台为基础,类似电子制表、动态几何系统、统计分析系统以及计算机代数系统等技术都提出了关于数学活动本质的问题.在广泛应用新技术以促进数学学习的准备中,有两个实际问题需要解决:教师的专业发展和恰当的教学资源的获得.     

现代教育技术对数学教育的作用

本文论述了现代教育技术对数学教育的作用,尤其是数学软件在数理统计方面的突出作用,并用实例阐述这一观点。     

现代教育技术条件下高校教师角色转换的策略研究

本文首先分析了高校教师传统角色的局限性;然后提出由于现代教育技术改变了高等教育的目标、观念和课程,改变了知识的传播方式及其对高校师生关系的影响等,这些影响将改变人们对教师角色的认识和期望,也意味着在现代教育技术条件下教师角色必然发生转换.硬件技术、潜件技术及软件技术的不断发展和完善为高校教师角色的转换提供了可能性,现代教育技术的不断发展对高校教师角色提出了挑战,论文进而提出了高校教师角色转换的策略.     

Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions of Mathematics Education in Urban Schools

This article reports findings from a study of preservice mathematics teacher education students and their beliefs about and experiences with students in an urban high school. The preservice teacher education students participated as mentors to a group of peer tutors in a mathematics tutoring program. Data collected from questionnaires and interviews reveal that the mentors had varied perceptions of tutoring program participants’ motivation, interest, and knowledge of mathematics. Mentors held varied perceptions of urban schools and what teaching mathematics in urban settings entails. Further, mentors reported that their work in the tutoring program had an impact on their strategies and plans for future mathematics teaching. Erica N. Walker is Assistant Professor of Mathematics Education in the Department of Mathematics, Science, and Technology and Research Fellow at the Institute for Urban and Minority Education at Teachers College, Columbia University.     

Inquiry-Based Lessons That Integrate Technology: Their Development and Evaluation in Elementary Mathematics Teacher Education

Technology-enhanced mathematics tasks were introduced to elementary pre-service candidates (n = 84) and in-service teachers (n = 38), who then, either in partners or small groups, created and taught inquiry-based lessons incorporating technology, with individual reflections. The lessons were coded using the following criteria: (a) The students themselves used the technology for inquiry learning, (b) technology was integral to the learning task, (c) the lesson focused on mathematics concepts—not the technology, and (d) the task would have been more difficult to accomplish without the technology. The lesson analysis revealed that, after instruction on inquiry learning and technology integration, each group achieved a high level of proficiency using these criteria. Further, the analysis assisted the instructors in identifying issues and concerns regarding implementation of technology in elementary mathematics instruction.     

The Role of Content Knowledge and Problem Features on Preservice Teachers’ Appraisal of Elementary Mathematics Tasks

The objective of this study was to examine the nature of preservice teachers’ evaluations of elementary mathematics problems using the Mathematical Tasks Framework (MTF), a model designed to discriminate among tasks according to their cognitive complexity. We also tested the relationship between mathematics content knowledge and problem length on the preservice teachers’ evaluations. Twenty-six undergraduate students enrolled in an elementary mathematics methods course at a large urban university were introduced to the MTF and cognitive complexity during a class lecture and were subsequently required to sort 32 mathematics problems according to the framework. Results demonstrated that overall, the preservice teachers had more difficulty accurately classifying problems considered to represent high levels of cognitive complexity compared to problems that were less complex. Those with strong mathematics content knowledge, as measured by a standardized test, were able to sort the problems more accurately than those with weaker content knowledge. Two open-ended items assessing content knowledge were not related to sorting performance. Finally, the preservice teachers were influenced by the surface characteristic of task length; the data indicated that the teachers tended to label short problems as less cognitively demanding and long problems as more so. Implications for preservice professional development include an increased emphasis on mathematics content knowledge as well as expert modeling of the identification of deep conceptual principles at the heart of the mathematics curriculum.     

The Development of Diploma in Education Student Teachers’ Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Mathematics pedagogical content knowledge (MPCK) of teachers cannot be easily defined but is a complex concept integrating generic pedagogical knowledge, mathematics teaching methodology as well as knowledge of the discipline of mathematics. It is the objective of mathematics methodology courses in teacher preparation programmes to begin the development of MPCK in their pre-service teachers. As part of a research study on the development of MPCK in primary school beginning teachers, a 16-item instrument was developed to measure some aspects of the MPCK for teaching mathematics at primary level. The instrument was administered to the 2003 Intake of the Diploma in Education student teachers at the National Institute of Education, Singapore just at the beginning of their programme. As they completed their methodology course in February 2005, the instrument was administered again. This paper will discuss the findings concerning their performance in these two tests, with reference to the overall performance as well as topic-specific and MPCK construct-specific performance. The findings indicate that student teachers at the beginning of their programmes are generally quite weak in their mathematics pedagogical content knowledge, as might be expected. There was significant improvement in some aspects of their MPCK on completion of their mathematics pedagogy course.     

现代教育技术与数学教学的整合

培养创新人才是当今教育的重要研究课题,在数学教学过程中利用现代教育技术的手段和方法,培养学生创新意识,提高学生数学学习效率。     

浅谈信息技术在中职数学教学中的应用

论文在分析中职数学教学特点的基础上,针对中职学生基础较弱、学习习惯较差,对数学有恐惧心理,传统的教学方式存在单一、效率低、表现力差的现状,探讨应用信息技术提高数学课程教学效果的途径和手段,并从多媒体课件、计算机网络、专业融合等方面阐述了信息技术在教学中的应用,真正体现＂以学生为本＂的教育理念,为学生搭建自主学习、协作学习的平台。     

Teachers and `Street Children': On Becoming a Teacher of Mathematics

The phenomenon of `street children' where youngpeople, for various reasons, live on thestreets of towns and cities is found all overthe world in varying degrees and forms. InSouth Africa, one approach to take care aboutthe plight of these children has been to set upand run what are referred to as `streetshelters'. One such street shelter, the onlyone exclusively for girls in the city ofDurban, is Tennyson House. In this paper Idescribe an innovative outreach programmeintegrated with a university curriculum inwhich a group of pre-service teachers takingmathematics education as a major were involvedin teaching mathematics to girls at TennysonHouse. From the vantage point of a mathematicsteacher educator in the programme, I describeand reflect on what was experienced and learnedfrom the intervention in terms of threeaspects: learning about learners; learningabout teaching (mathematics) and learning aboutrelationships.     

哲学数学教育与数学教育哲学

哲学数学教育和数学教育哲学是两个不同的概念，本文首先对这两个概念作了区别，对它们在数学教育中所扮演的角色作了阐述，最后，探讨了二者的关系。     

Learning to Question: Categories of Questioning Used by Preservice Teachers During Diagnostic Mathematics Interviews

Developing appropriate questioning techniquesis an important part of mathematics teachingand assessment. This study examined thequestioning strategies used by 48 preserviceteachers during one-on-one diagnosticmathematics interviews with children. Eachparticipant conducted an audiotaped interviewwith one child, followed by an analysis andreflection of the interview. Data wereanalyzed to develop general categories ofquestions used by the preservice teachers. These categories included: 1) checklisting, 2) instructing rather thanassessing, and 3) probing and follow-upquestions. The analyses and reflectionscompleted by preservice teachers indicated thatusing the diagnostic interview format allowedthem to recognize and reflect on effectivequestioning techniques. Through an examinationof these categories of questions, we offersuggestions for teaching the skill ofmathematics questioning in preservice teachereducation courses.     

数学教育中的素质教育分析

数学从小学到高中被作为三大主科,在大学时,又是理工类学生必修之课,由此可见数学是非常重要的。我国提倡素质教育,因此数学教学中也要进行素质教育。本文从数学教育中创新思维能力的培养、数学教育中学生智力发展的培养、数学教育中德育的培养、数学教育中人文素质的培养以及数学教育中美育价值的培养这几个方面对数学教育中的素质教育进行了分析。     

关于数学教育的一些认识--谈谈数学教师素质

数学教师的素质对教育质量的高低起着举足轻重的作用.数学教育正从传统的教育方式逐步走向素质教育,我们长期接受的是一种基于传统的灌输式教学方式,无论是教者还是受教者,基本都已经习惯了这样的教学方式.只有具备以下4个方面的素质的数学教师,才能胜任新的历史条件下的数学教育工作:热情与责任心是基础;教学与科研两手都要抓;师德是立身之本;不断充实自己,与时代同步.     

对数学教学中有效运用信息技术的思考

数学教学中有效运用信息技术,既要着眼于增加课堂的生动性,又要注重对学生数学思维深刻性的培养.运用信息技术时应关注:创设情境,重在促进数学探究;问题解决,重在抓住数学本质;数学史,重在感悟数学思想方法;数学美,重在揭示丰富内涵,促进学生对数学本质的认识和数学思想方法的感悟.     

试论数学美在数学教育中的地位和作用

数学美具有简洁性、统一性、对称性、整齐性、奇异性、灵巧性、思辨性等特点，在数学教育中，利用数学美要吧培养学生浓厚的学习兴趣，使逻辑思维与形象思维有机地结合起来，培养具有发散思维的数学人才，增强学生的审美能力，培养德智体美劳全面发展的人才。     

Preservice Teachers' Stories Of Mathematics Classrooms: Explorations Of Practice Through Fictional Accounts

This report describes four preservice secondary teachers' fictional accounts about mathematics classrooms. The narrative structures and meanings of the preservice teachers' stories, written while the preservice teachers were enrolled in a secondary methods course, were examined with the goal of gaining insight into the preservice teachers' emerging identities as mathematics teachers. Although past research has examined experienced teachers' stories, little research, if any, has focused on stories written by preservice mathematics teachers or on intentionally fictional stories about mathematics classrooms. This report uses methods of narrative analysis to develop understandings about preservice teachers' storied identities and specifies areas for further investigation into the role of narrative in mathematics teacher education.     

教师专业化与数学教师的继续教育

教师专业化要求教师在整个专业生涯,具备相应的人格、学问、教育观念和教学技能,这四者之间的动态有机组合体现了教师职业的本质,形成了不同的教师特征.特别是教育观念和教学技能两个要素,是区别于其他行业人员而充分体现教师独有的职业特征.而多数数学教师也恰恰在教育观念和教学技能两方面比较薄弱.根据教师专业发展阶段理论,以及对北京市中小学数学教师的调查,反思数学教师的继续教育,须在教育观念的转变、教学技术的培训、教学模式的革新等方面有所加强.     

美国《中学数学教与学》教材的特点及其对中国数学教师教育的启示

美国《中学数学教与学》是初中年级数学教师教育"数学教学法"课程的教材,其特点表现为:单元主题以数学教学理论为线索呈现,单元内容以具体数学知识为载体展开并且以参与式活动的形式组织教学活动.该教材对我国的数学教师教育有如下启示:数学教师教育课程应以数学知识为载体学习数学教育理论;数学教师教育教材应突出教学方式的示范性,体现做中学,在数学教学活动中学习数学教学方法;数学教师教育应注重教师学科专业素质的提升.     

韩国职前数学教师教育的评介与分析

韩国的数学教师职前教育体制有如下特点:类型多样的教师职前培养机构、严格的公立学校数学教师聘任制度、定期的教师教育机构评估制度.小学数学教师教育课程具有综合性、多样化特点;中学数学教师教育课程更重视学科知识.韩国数学教师职前教育对中国的数学教师教育有如下启示:建立多元的办学体制,致力于专业化的数学教师培养;以教师聘任制度和教师教育机构评估制度促进数学教师培养质量的提高;在学科课程和教学法课程之间寻求恰当平衡.