Hong Kong Teacher Education Students’ Goal Orientations and Their Relationship to Perceived Parenting Styles

The study examined goal orientations, perceived parenting styles, and their relationships in a sample of Hong Kong teacher education students. It was found that students adopted both learning and performance goals but tended to be more performance goal‐oriented. Females were more performance goal‐oriented than males. As well, students perceived their most influential parents to be authoritative. In terms of gender, authoritativeness was more effective with females and authoritarianism worked better with males. It was found that perceived parenting styles predicted goal orientations. Authoritativeness was significantly and positively related to learning goals, whereas authoritativeness and authoritarianism were significantly and positively related to performance goals. Besides main effects, there were interaction effects between gender and parenting styles on goal orientations. Cultural and contextual factors were considered in interpreting the findings.     

家庭教养方式、人格特征与大学生人际关系的相关研究

主要探讨家庭教养方式、人格特征与大学生人际关系的相关关系,主要研究结果如下:(1)专制型、溺爱型和忽视型与人际关系呈显著正相关。(2)男生内外向、精神质上得分显著低于女生,而男女生在神经质、掩饰性上得分无显著差异。(3)内外向与人际关系呈显著负相关,而神经质与人际关系呈显著正相关。(4)专制型与精神质、忽视型与精神质、忽视型与神经质呈显著正相关,而忽视型与内外向呈显著负相关。(5)人格特征在家庭教养方式对人际关系的影响中起着部分中介作用。     

初中生学习风格的调查研究

一、问题的提出新一轮课程改革正在全国各中小学全面实施,我校新三年办学理念确定了"人人会学习,个个求发展"创建和谐互动的研究性学习型共同体的课题;八     

父母教养方式与小学生行为问题的关系研究

应用父母教养方式问卷和小学生行为问题问卷,调查了兰州市某小学94名学生及家长,对小学生行为问题与父母教养方式之间的关系进行了研究。研究发现:(1)当代父亲惩罚严厉,拒绝否认更多,过度保护减少;(2)当代母亲拒绝保护增加、惩罚严厉程度高于以前;(3)在男孩和女孩维度上社交能力明显提高;(4)积极的教养方式减少小学生的问题行为,而消极的教养方式则增加小学生的问题行为。     

大学新生父母教养方式与积极心理品质关系研究

目的:探讨大学新生积极心理品质与父母教养方式关系。方法:采用积极心理品质量表和父母教养方式量表对大学新生进行测试。结果:(1)大学新生积极心理品质处于中等水平。(2)大学新生积极心理品质总体水平不存在性别、独生子女与否和城乡差异,某些维度上存在显著差异。(3)积极教养方式与积极心理品质某些维度显著正相关,消极教养方式与积极心理品质的某些维度显著负相关。母亲的情感温暖能正向预测大学生的积极心理品质。结论:父母教养方式与大学新生积极心理品质密切相关。     

A Review of the Relationship Among Parenting Practices,Parenting Styles,and Adolescent School Achievement

This article reviews the literature on the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. The review of the empirical research indicates that parental involvement and monitoring are robust predictors of adolescent achievement. Several studies, however, indicate that parental involvement declines in adolescence, prompting the call for future research on the reasons for and associated consequences of this decline. Furthermore, the review indicates that authoritative parenting styles are often associated with higher levels of student achievement, although these findings are not consistent across culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Darling and Steinbergs contextual model of parenting provides a promising model to help resolve these discrepancies, however, further research is needed to examine the major linkages of the model. It is also argued that the contextual model should expand its notion of context towards the larger cultural and economic context in which families reside.     

An Investigation of the Effects of School Context and Sex Differences on Students' Motivational Goal Orientations

It is widely postulated that school context characteristics and sex may influence students' motivational orientations. However, relatively little empirical evidence exists to support this postulate. Hence the present study sought to examine both the individual and interactive effects of school and sex differences on students' motivational goals. Participants were 602 middle school students. The effects of school and sex on three academic and five social goals were examined. Results suggest that school and (to a lesser extent) sex differences, as well as the interaction between the two, significantly influence students' motivational orientations. Results are discussed and interpreted within the framework of motivation psychology.     

Relationship between Students' Perceptions of School Environment,Their Satisfaction with School and Perceived Academic Achievement: An International Study

During the last decades numerous studies have been conducted with the aim of finding predictors of an effective school measured in terms of the average level of the students' academic achievement. Few of these studies have examined how the students' perception of their work environment at school influences their academic achievement. The present article applies theory and findings from research on the adult work environment to the daily school life of children and adolescents. The analyses are based on self-reported data from the "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey" (the HBSC study), using data from countries in both Eastern and Western Europe. Data from 11, 13 and 15 year old students in Finland, Latvia, Norway and Slovakia are used. The findings suggest that the most important psychosocial school setting predictors of students' perception of their academic achievement are that they feel satisfied with school, that they feel the teachers do not expect too much of them, and that they have a good relationship with their fellow students. The findings imply that interventions which enhance the students' satisfaction with school are likely to improve their achievement as well.     

Social Predictors of Changes in Students' Achievement Goal Orientations

Declines in students' achievement motivation across the transition to middle school may be explained by characteristics of both the academic and social environment of the new school. This study proposes that students' sense of belonging in middle school and their endorsement of social responsibility, relationship, and status goals in that setting should explain, in part, changes in their achievement goal orientations between 5th and 6th grades. Longitudinal survey data from 660 students indicated that, on average, endorsement of personal task goals declined, whereas endorsement of ability goals increased across the transition. Increases in task goal orientation were associated with perceiving both a task and an ability goal structure in 6th grade classes, along with sense of school belonging, and endorsing responsibility goals. Increases in ability goal orientation were associated positively with perceiving an ability goal structure in classes, with relationship and status goals, and negatively with school belonging.     

自闭症儿童依恋行为、消极行为与母亲抚养困难感受程度的关系研究

本研究考察学龄前自闭症儿童与普通儿童在依恋行为和消极行为上的不同,以及这两种行为与母亲抚养困难感受程度的关系。结果表明,与普通儿童相比,自闭症儿童的消极行为更为显著,其依恋安全性分数也显著低于普通儿童。然而进一步将依恋行为划分成两种类型分别进行分析,发现自闭症儿童与母亲保持亲近的行为与普通儿童没有显著差异,其交际行为则显著落后于普通儿童。自闭症儿童的母亲比普通儿童的母亲感受到更多的抚养困难。回归分析表明自闭症儿童的消极行为能显著预测母亲抚养困难感受的各个维度,而交际型的依恋行为则显著预测母亲缺乏能力感的困难感受。     

The Development and Validation of Scales Assessing Students' Achievement Goal Orientations

Achievement goal theory has emerged as a major new direction in motivational research. A distinction is made among conceptually different achievement goal orientations including the goal to develop ability (task goal orientation), the goal to demonstrate ability (ability-approach goal orientation), and the goal to avoid the demonstration of lack of ability (ability-avoid goal orientation). Scales assessing each of these goal orientations were developed over an eight year period by a group of researchers at the University of Michigan. The results of studies conducted with seven different samples of elementary and middle school students are used to describe the internal consistency, stability, and construct validity of the scales. Comparisons of these scales with those developed by Nicholls and his colleagues provide evidence of convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis attests to the discriminant validity of the scales.     

学习效能感在高中生班级环境与 学习动机间的中介效应

为考察高中生学习效能感在班级环境与学习动机间的中介效应,采用学习动机、学 习效能感和班级环境问卷调查403名高中生.结果表明:(1)女生威信动机高于男生;男生 学习效能感高于女生;师生关系一年级好于二年级,女生好于男生;(2)学习动机与师生关 系、竞争、基本能力感和控制感正相关;基本能力感与秩序纪律负相关,与同学关系和控制 感正相关;控制感除学习压力外,与班级环境其他维度正相关.(3)基本能力感在秩序纪律 和学习动机间具有中介作用,控制感在竞争和学习动机间具有中介效应.高中生学习动机 的激发与维持的关键是提高学生的学习效能感,适当的竞争环境与相对民主、自由的班级 氛围有利于学生学习效能感的提高.     

焦虑、班级成就目标知觉对个人成就目标定向的影响

采用问卷测量法,以472名初中生为对象,探讨焦虑、班级成就目标知觉及个人成就目标定向三者之间的关系.结果表明,焦虑可以通过班级成就目标知觉间接地影响个人成就目标定向,低状态焦虑通过班级掌握目标知觉间接影响个人掌握接近目标,高特质焦虑通过班级成绩目标知觉间接影响个人掌握回避目标、个人成绩接近目标和个人成绩回避目标.     

高中生的压力应对方式及其与学业成绩关系的研究

采用中学生应对方式评定问卷，对649名高中生面对挫折和烦恼时应对方式的特点及其与学业成绩的关系进行了考察。结果表明：（1）不同性别的高中生在发泄、幻想和忍耐应对方式上存在显著差异；（2）不同学校类型高中生在问题解决、退避和幻想应对方式上存在显著差异；（3）来自城市和农村的高中生的应对方式差异不显著，处于不同家庭气氛的高中生在问题解决应对方式上存在显著差异，父母教养方式不同的高中生在问题解决和幻想应对上存在极显著差异；（4）高中生学业成绩与问题解决应对方式有显著正相关。     

父母教养方式与初中生羞怯的关系

采用羞怯量表、简式父母教养方式问卷、青少年生活事件量表、领悟社会支持量表对522名初中生进行测量,考察父母教养方式、生活事件、领悟社会支持与羞怯的关系,并探讨生活事件、领悟社会支持是否在父母教养方式与初中生羞怯之间起中介作用。结果发现：(1)父母教养方式、羞怯、生活事件、领悟社会支持之间两两相关显著;(2)父母教养方式可以显著预测初中生的羞怯水平,即积极的父母教养方式能直接负向预测初中生羞怯水平,消极父母教养方式能正向预测初中生羞怯水平;(3)生活事件和领悟社会支持在父母(消极和积极)教养方式与羞怯间起部分中介作用。     

自尊、应对方式与中职生心理韧性的关系

目的:考察中等职业学校学生(简称中职生)心理韧性与自尊、应对方式的关系。方法:采用青少年心理韧性量表、自尊量表和应对方式问卷测量463名中职生。结果:(1)在目标专注和积极认知上,二年级显著高于一年级,女生积极认知显著高于男生,家庭支持男生显著高于女生。(2)高心理韧性中职生的问题解决、发泄、求助、幻想、忍耐得分显著高于低心理韧性中职生。(3)心理韧性与问题解决、发泄、求助、幻想和忍耐显著正相关;自尊与问题解决、求助显著负相关,与幻想显著正相关。(4)问题解决、发泄、求助和忍耐直接影响心理韧性,同时,自尊在问题解决和心理韧性间存在中介作用。结论:中职生的自尊、应对方式与心理韧性关系密切,帮助中职生采用积极的应对方式解决困难,获得更多的成功体验,可以提高中职生的自尊水平,有助于中职生心理韧性的培养和提高。     

高中生词汇学习自我调节能力与二语词汇习得关系探究

基于"词汇学习自我调节能力量表",[1]对某高中一年级111名学生的自我调节能力和二语词汇习得的关系进行探究,研究发现高中生的自我调节水平中等偏高,且环境控制能力较强,个体差异较小,无显著性别差异;高中生的词汇测试总成绩、词形及词义成绩与元认知、厌烦、情感控制能力都具有显著正相关;高中生自我调节能力中的厌烦、情感控制能力均存在显著差异,低水平组的自我调节能力及其中的情感控制能力相对较弱,高水平组的厌烦控制能力相对较强。     

高中生性别角色及其与创造性的相关研究

性别角色的研究与创造力人格层面的研究是近年来 心理学研究的两大热门课题。本研究通过自编高中生性 别角色正性量表对高中生性别角色内容和分布进行了研 究,结果发现在所研究的高中生中,男性化、女性化、双性 化和未分化的人数比例分别为:24％、24．6％、25．6％、 25．8％。另采用16PF量表对高中生性别角色与创造性的 关系进行了初步的探讨。结果表明:在全体被试与男性被 试中,双性化者的创造力均分显著地高于未分化者;并在 女性被试中,双性化者与男性化者的创造力均分均显著 高于女性化者。     

青少年的道德推脱及其与家庭教养方式的关系

采用根据班杜拉(1996)改编的问卷测查了832名普通中学生和职校生的道德推脱水平,并探讨了其道德推脱与家庭教养方式的关系.结果显示,在遇到道德相关问题时青少年倾向于不认可进行道德推脱,但随年龄增长其道德推脱水平呈上升趋势(除在初二和初三之间有所下降),尤其在初一和初二、高二、高三之间差异显著;女生的道德推脱水平显著低于男生;尽管学校类型的主效应不显著,但普通高一男生的道德推脱水平显著低于同龄的职校一年级学生,在进入高二、高三后道德推脱水平明显向职校生趋同;青少年的道德推脱水平与其家庭教养方式显著有关,放任型的教养方式下其道德推脱水平最高,而权威型的教养方式下其道德推脱水平最低.这些结果揭示出当前青少年道德推脱的发展现状,以及不同的学校教育和家庭教养在青少年道德推脱发展中的作用.     

高职学生学习风格与英语成绩关系研究

在回顾前人对学习风格研究的基础上,对五所高级职业技术学院195名学生的学习风格与综合英语成绩及单项英语成绩的关系进行了研究。独立样本检验显示,高分组的学习者倾向于群体型的学习风格,而低分组的学习者倾向于个体型和场独立型的学习风格;男生和女生只在听觉型和场依赖型两种学习风格上表现出不同;回归分析结果表明,群体型、个体型和场独立型三种学习风格与综合英语测试成绩相关,个体型和冲动型两种学习风格对英语成绩具有负向预测作用;群体型、个体型、场独立和冲动型四种学习风格与单项成绩之间具有显著相关关系。