Information Needs: Developing Personas of Humanities Scholars

A persona represents a group of target users that share common behavioural characteristics. The personas method, an approach to systems design, has been receiving significant attention from practitioners. However, only anecdotal evidence currently exists for the effectiveness of personas and there have been criticisms about its validity as a scientific approach to research. This paper attempts to demonstrate how incorporating personas may lead to better understand the information needs of humanities scholars. Humanities scholars in an advanced ICT environment in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan are sampled as a case. Previous studies show that the humanities scholars have a significant negative relation with ICT use; they are using it less than scientists and social scientists, and they demonstrate a significantly higher use of library facilities than other academics. There is also a lack of up-to-date international research on the humanities scholars' information needs that takes into account recent rapid increases in the availability of ICT infrastructure, especially the Internet. As such, the objective of this study is to understand the information needs of humanities scholars and the effect of the electronic environment on their information seeking behaviour using personas. This study is conducted within a conceptual framework based on an integration of existing models of information-seeking behaviour, along with additional new elements representing the information context environment, such as languages, decision to seek and format of information resources. The four personas that were uncovered in this study may be able to effectively communicate the actual information needs of the humanities scholars through the personal narrative, name, and face, which continuously will remind the academic library of what their users really want and need from their services. This study also lays the foundation for future research by identifying variables of interest, and building construct validity through the themes of information needs that emerged.     

基于扎根理论的电子舞曲信息检索需求成长性模型

[目的/意义]针对电子舞曲数字资源急剧增长带来的资源组织与检索需求匹配度低的问题,尝试构建电子舞曲信息资源检索需求模型,以指导新网络环境下的电子舞曲信息资源组织实践活动。[方法/过程]通过对国内主流电子舞曲音乐平台的检索实验,得出电子舞曲检索需求访谈提纲,进而运用扎根理论探究电子舞曲听众的音乐信息检索需求并建构相应的信息检索需求模型。[结果/结论]研究发现,电子舞曲听众的需求具有"成长性",这种"成长性"连接了听众音乐信息检索需求的审美主体（听众）和审美客体（音乐）两个维度,而促生该"成长性"的内因是信息需求的马太效应。研究指出电子舞曲的资源组织需兼顾主观感受、外部描述、内容要素和生产过程等核心维度,为新网络环境下电子舞曲信息资源组织提供了参考依据。     

基于D2R发布学者关联数据集探究——以图书情报领域为例

[目的/意义]探讨学者关联数据集的定位及其构建方法,以期为学科发展、学者评价与信息共享利用提供便利。[方法/过程]在阐释现有机构知识库内涵基础上,分析学者关联数据集之功能特点,并以我国图书情报领域为例,通过开源软件D2R发布该领域学者的关联数据集。[结果/结论]学者关联数据集不同于机构知识库,它以所属学科领域的学者为数据起点,以网罗一切相关信息资源,并以完全开放、关联与共享的方式提供知识。在学者关联数据集的构建与发布过程中,重点需克服实体URI定义、作者重名、专著与网络学术记录难以采全等问题。     

基于成果特征的学者学术专长识别方法

[目的/意义]基于成果特征标识学者的学术专长是学者画像的重要任务,对学者分类、评审专家遴选、发现小同行等应用具有重要价值。[方法/过程]首先分析揭示学术专长的因素,用层次分析法构造专长标签权重分配模型;采用TextRank和概念链接技术从中英文成果内容中识别主题术语,结合权重筛选出具有领域共识和专长概括性的词汇作为专长标签。选取获得人才称号的多个领域科研人员,从中文或英文代表成果中提取专长标签,以人才公示中的专长领域作为对照基准,通过人工打分和语义计算评测识别效果。[结果/结论]在被贴中文专长标签的学者中,71.9%的个体的专长描述被认为满意。在被贴英文专长标签的学者中,77.2%的个体的专长描述被认为满意。实验表明提出的学者学术专长识别方法具有合理性。主要创新在于：在中英文不同语种以及是否存在外部知识库的条件下,提出从文献内容中挖掘候选标签词的解决方案;结合计量因素,用多种成果特征筛选专长标签,并提出权重分配的方案;针对评价基准欠缺的问题,提出基于语义计算的方式补充答案,从而扩充评价手段。     

数字图书馆信息服务的融合与创新——基于2019年JCDL年会论文的综述

[目的/意义]本文通过对2019年国际数字图书馆联合会议(Joint Conference on Digital Library,JCDL)的录用论文进行整体回顾,梳理了本届年会的最新研究成果与学科发展动态,以助国内图情领域学者更好地了解本届年会成果,把握国际数字图书馆领域研究的前沿热点问题。[研究设计/方法]采用文献综述的方法进行研究。[结论/发现]本届年会更加关注数字图书馆如何通过多源数据的融合、数字人文馆藏资源的利用等实现信息服务深度融合;数字图书馆如何通过海量大数据挖掘与利用、用户行为分析提升其服务水平;如何通过对学术文本资源深入挖掘,实现信息计量学在学术评审、学术评价等方面的创新应用。[创新/价值]本文揭示了国际数字图书馆领域的最新发展态势,展望了未来数字图书馆领域的学术前沿方向。     

基于开放同行评议的学者影响力评价研究——以F1000为例

[目的/意义]提出一种基于开放同行评议的学者影响力评价方法,即通过归纳收敛开放同行评议内容,形成能够表征学者不同层面影响力的多个标签簇,从而从质量层面多角度探索学者影响力,并验证所提方法的有效性。[方法/过程]调研分析国内外现有学者影响力评价方法,在此基础上,设计构建基于开放同行评议的学者影响力评价方法,并以开放同行评议平台F1000为例,进行实证研究和对比分析。[结果/结论]基于开放同行评议的学者评价方法是一种新的评价角度,实现了对学者的多角度评价,增加了学者影响力的饱满度和辨识度。分析表明,该方法与文献计量评价方法不具有显著相关性,可以作为对传统评价方法的一种补充。传统的定量分析与开放同行评议方法的结合将是未来学术评价的发展趋势。     

在线健康社区老年用户健康信息需求实证研究

[目的/意义] 目前老年用户在使用健康信息的过程中得不到满足，且有关老年用户健康信息需求的研究尚有待加强。探索老年用户健康信息需求的内容和模型并寻求相关解决途径，可丰富老年用户健康信息需求的理论研究成果，并在实践中指导老龄化社会智慧养老以及在线医疗平台服务等议题。[方法/过程] 本研究依托在线健康社区，利用先定性后定量的混合型方法开展探索性研究，首先通过访谈老年用户获取了37个健康信息需求的自由节点，继而通过问卷调研并利用因子分析方法提取了使用操作、信息搜寻、隐私与安全、诊疗行为、交互与反馈、自我实现6大类健康信息需求的树节点并进一步归纳为物理、认知和情感3类主范畴。[结果/结论] 最终构建了老年用户健康信息需求模型，并结合马斯洛需求层次理论解释老年用户健康信息需求模型的内涵并提出相应的对策和建议。     

Memorial design as information creation: Honoring the past through co-production of an informing aesthetic

Information behavior scholars are increasingly exploring information creation; however, these studies focus primarily on individuals' processes. The Melbourne Korean War Memorial (MKWM) used an interdisciplinary co-creation process, combining expertise in architecture, industrial design, engineering, and history. Over a two-year period, the MKWM research/design team worked with government officials and community members, from ideation and prototype design, through construction and installation of the completed memorial. The finished product informs the viewer about historic events, while also meeting architectural and design best practices. The co-authors' analysis of the information co-creation process constructs a new model of an informing aesthetic, where the memorial design embeds three types of information: explicit (e.g., photographs); implicit (e.g., national flowers); and embodied (e.g., pathway elevation). By combining research expertise with community feedback, while meeting technical and government design needs, the memorial informs about the war through a combination of statistics, storytelling, and visual knowledge representations.     

国内外网络学术信息老化研究进展分析

通过大量文献调研,对网络学术信息老化研究现状进行分析。发现国外主要围绕网络链接的可访问性（即网络信息资源的生存期）和基于网络数据库平台的电子资源老化进行研究,国内更重视信息老化的理论研究、老化测度指标的探索性研究和应用对策研究,同时兼顾网络链接的可访问性研究。最后,展望未来网络学术信息老化研究的方向。     

面向科研服务的多层次作者分析模型及实证研究

[目的/意义] 以科研人员的学科服务需求分析为基础,构建面向科研服务的多层次作者分析模型,并进行实证研究,以期为深化科研服务提供参考。[方法/过程] 通过对同一专业、处于不同研究水平的科研人员进行需求调研发现,不同层次的科研人员针对同一问题的具体分析需求是不同的;进而以作者分析为例,提出面向入门型、专注型、管理型科研人员的多层次作者分析模型,并以中国语言文字学2001-2015年核心期刊论文为例,综合利用文献计量方法和工具解答不同层次的作者分析需求。[结果/结论] 实验结果表明,利用这一模型能识别出这15年间中国语言文字学领域的核心作者群、代表性学者、研究团体、合作情况,以及近期代表性学者和持续代表性学者。分析模型具有普适性,能够提高图书馆员在科研服务中的融合度。     

科研用户学术社交网络认知与使用动机比较研究

[目的/意义]调研中外科研人员对社交网络的认知情况，对学术工作者使用社交网络的目的、动机和需求开展比较研究。[方法/过程]利用问卷调查法收集来自国内各大高校707位被调查者对社交网络的认知、使用动机和访问信息，并将问卷调查结果与Nature研究结果进行比较。[结果/结论]结果显示，我国科研人员对学术社交网络的使用率和使用意识并不是很高，国内科研人员比较倾向于使用以社交型为导向的网站，对以学术型为导向的网站使用较少。国外主流ASNS平台中，我国用户对ResearchGate具有一定的认知度。     

Understanding the Information Needs of Academic Scholars in Agricultural and Biological Sciences

This study investigates the information needs of faculty and graduate students in agricultural and biological sciences. Qualitative research methods, interviews and focus groups, were used to examine what types of information these scholars need for their research, teaching and learning, how they seek that information, and perceptions. The implications for library service are discussed.     

Information management through integration of distributed resources

Duke University Medical Center conducted a strategic planning process focused on information management needs beginning in 1983 and ending in 1985. That effort concluded that the institution was ready to establish an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS). A model was proposed in which information management was to be achieved through integrated distributed resources. The elements of the IAIMS model are ongoing policy development and planning; communications; an electronic library or resource inventory; coordination of the development or selection of the end-user function; user support; and ongoing evaluation. This model is being tested to determine its effectiveness in meeting the administrative, patient care, research, and educational needs of a basic science department and a clinical science department at Duke University.     

科研团队学术交流与学科服务设计

以研究所科研用户为调查对象,通过问卷调查了解科研团队内学术交流现状、存在的问题、影响因素和需求。调查结果显示,目前科研用户均有强烈的交流意愿,能利用网络工具有效地获取信息,使用多种交流工具,但是团队交流仍然是采用比较传统的组会和面对面的方式,在信息共享和存储上较少利用有效的网络工具。学科馆员可以在团队许可下,介入科研团体的学术交流,发挥信息服务的优势,担当信息中介人,帮助构建科研信息环境平台,有针对性地提供各类科研资讯,从而促进团队科研交流的深化。     

The Research Team Concept,II: (Still) An Approach to Graduate Training

This paper advocates for employing graduate research teams as a way to train graduate students. Research teams allow for a community of scholars to share knowledge and exchange ideas. By employing an apprenticeship-type program for graduate students, they are provided an opportunity to transition from a student to a young scholar. Such training prepares students to develop and implement their own research programs and train their future graduate students. Graduate students can be involved in conceptualizing research questions, designing studies, developing measuring instruments, gathering and analyzing data, and more. Nonetheless, implementing and organizing research teams can be an arduous process that should not be entered into lightly. This paper provides ideas for the construction of teams as well as issues to consider before implementing the team concept.     

人文学者学术研究的数字能力现状分析

[目的/意义]以人文学者为研究对象，划分其数字能力域类别，构建人文学者用于学术研究的数字能力框架，用以探究当前我国人文学者的数字能力现状和存在问题。[方法/过程]按文史哲、语言、法律；艺术、音乐、传媒；图书馆学、档案学、博物馆学；人类学、政治学、社会学4大学科分类对国内203名相关人文学者开展问卷调查，并对问卷结果进行因子分析、T检验、单因素ANOVA分析。[结果/结论]为提高人文学者的数字能力，从人文学者开展学术研究的一般过程：前期基本信息能力、中期数字技术运用能力、末期交流共享能力三方面提出建议，为今后人文学者如何更好地开展学术活动、图书馆相应学科服务能力的升级、数字人文平台推动人文研究的发展等方面提供一定参考。     

Rethinking the effect of inter-gender collaboration on research performance for scholars

As scientific collaboration has become more common with increased representation of female scholars, the effects of inter-gender collaboration have attracted more attention. However, scholars have not reached a consensus on the relationship between inter-gender collaboration and research performance. Empirical evidence at the scholar level has also been rare. Therefore, based on the ratio of the opposite sex in collaboration partners, this study reveals the influence of participating in inter-gender collaborations on research performance for scholars. Grouped regression was employed to test gender differences in this effect. The effect of partners’ academic levels was also investigated to account for potential gender differences. The results indicated that inter-gender collaboration had a positive effect on research performance for scholars. Grouped regressions also showed that collaborating with more inter-gender partners exerted a significantly negative effect on the research performance of female scholars, while it had a positive effect for male scholars. The negative effect on female scholars were found to be strengthened if the partners were at a high academic level. This study is helpful to understand inter-gender collaboration in depth, and further reveals the gender differences in scientific collaboration.     

Fine-Tuning the Institutional Repository: Evaluating the Self-Archiving Behavior of Researchers in Music

While self-archiving gains more traction as a means for scholars to make their research freely available, a perception persists that certain disciplines in the humanities lag behind the sciences in this regard. This article investigates the rate of self-archiving by scholars contributing to the top journals in the field of music, a discipline that traditionally falls within the humanities, although research in the field is highly interdisciplinary and draws heavily on multiple scientific fields. The contributors to these journals come from a range of background and interests, and represent colleges and universities from six continents.     

On the relationship between the structural and socioacademic communities of a coauthorship network

This article presents a study that compares detected structural communities in a coauthorship network to the socioacademic characteristics of the scholars that compose the network. The coauthorship network was created from the bibliographic record of a multi-institution, interdisciplinary research group focused on the study of sensor networks and wireless communication. Four different community detection algorithms were employed to assign a structural community to each scholar in the network: leading eigenvector, walktrap, edge betweenness and spinglass. Socioacademic characteristics were gathered from the scholars and include such information as their academic department, academic affiliation, country of origin, and academic position. A Pearson’s χ²test, with a simulated Monte Carlo, revealed that structural communities best represent groupings of individuals working in the same academic department and at the same institution. A generalization of this result suggests that, even in interdisciplinary, multi-institutional research groups, coauthorship is primarily driven by departmental and institutional affiliation.