讲练结合突出要领──《小公母猪去势术》教学设计

讲练结合突出要领《小公母猪去势术》教学设计□湖北吕长兵〔案例〕同学们，在猪的饲养过程中，为了促进肥育，提高肉品质量，使猪温顺，便于管理，淘汰劣种，选育优良品种或治疗某些生殖器官的疾病，需要给小公、母猪做去势术。今天，我们就来学习小公猪、小母猪的去势术...     

母猪冬季配种好

母猪冬季配种好母猪冬季配种，产仔的时间正是春暖花开、万物萌生的季节，对仔猪的成活和生长发育及母猪的健康极为有利。如何让母猪在冬季发情排卵并进行配种呢？（一）加强母猪冬季的管理。冬季天气寒冷，气温低，对母猪的健康和发情排卵都有影响，特别是带仔的经产母猪...     

定远母猪繁殖性能及其杂种优势研究

为探讨定远母猪及其杂交后代的繁殖性能,通过对定远猪、长白、大约克夏猪及其杂交一代的母猪生产记录资料进行统计分析,结果表明:定远母猪及其杂交一代的长定、大定母猪都具有较高的产仔数,且与纯繁的长白和约克夏母猪相比,均呈极显著的差异(p<0.01);大定和长定二元母猪繁殖性能的各项指标都表现出明显的杂种优势.其中以长定略优于大定,但二者之间差异不显著(p>0.05).     

仔猪早期断奶的营养问题

近年来,仔猪的断奶时间已从过去的8周龄逐步缩短至3周龄,从而大大减少了其消化道和整个生理过程适应于不依赖母猪生活的时间,使母猪的生育周期缩短,增加母猪每年的分娩次数,从而直接提高仔猪的生产头数,使饲养母猪的经济效益更加显著。0 早期断奶需要一套与传统断奶制度不同的处理和管理方法,仔猪要给予特别的饲养。在早期断奶过程中,仔猪的补饲需用乳汁或各种代乳制品,这与以谷类为主的饲料相比,价格比较贵,因而在适宜仔猪消化能力的饲料与成本之间产生了矛盾。关键问题在于确定尚未成熟的消化道适应于新的饲粮成分的速度。 1 仔猪酶系统的发育 吮乳仔猪摄入的能量中,一半以上来自母猪奶脂,由于吮乳仔猪对母猪乳汁的消化率几乎达100％,因而肯定要分泌大量的胰脂酶、乳糖酶和若干种蛋白水解酶,仔猪消化酶的发育是不成熟的,这就直接影响到仔猪所能对付的饲料种类。在某一发育阶段某种酶的含量较低,但并不意味着这种酶就是该种酶在该阶段的实际活性。猪与大多数生物体一样,必须在感到实际需要的情况下,才产生相应的应答。如英国的Rerat曾用一组35日龄的仔猪研究了以乳汁为主转换为富含淀粉的饲料对其胰脏淀粉水解酶的影响,在转换后头5天,其影响很小,但在这一诱导期后,其胰酶中的淀粉水解酶活性就急     

胎盘性状与母猪产仔数关系的研究

本文测定了长大二元母猪共 83胎次的胎盘效率 ,胎盘面积 ,胎盘厚度与窝均总产仔数之间的关系。结果表明 ,所有试验母猪胎盘效率高的 2 /3的母猪的窝均总产仔数高于胎盘效率低的 1 /3的母猪 ;胎盘厚度高的 2 /3的母猪的窝均总产仔数高于胎盘厚度低的 1 /3的母猪。说明母猪胎盘胎盘效率及厚度与窝均总产仔数有正相关关系 ,而胎盘面积与窝均产仔数有负相关关系     

基于YOLOv5s的母猪基础行为识别

目的:探究机器视觉技术在母猪行为识别中的应用,以及提高遮挡情况下的识别精度。方法:本研究基于YOLOv5s算法,针对母猪的站、坐、躺、爬、趴等5种行为,建立母猪行为识别模型。通过使用图像处理技术优化训练数据集,识别模型添加CBAM注意力模块,提高对被遮挡母猪行为的检测精度,最终实现复杂环境下母猪的行为识别,为判断母猪当前状态提供参考。结果:经过优化与反复训练,模型最终检测的精度值较高,达到97.58%,召回率为89.69%,单张图片识别时间约为0.047 s,精确度比未优化前提升了1.23%。结论:应用YOLOv5s可实现母猪的行为识别,且准确率较高,识别时间较短,识别结果与人工识别结果基本一致,符合猪场实际的养殖要求。     

胎盘性状与母猪产仔数关系的研究

本文测定了长大二元母猪共83胎次的胎盘效率，胎盘面积，胎盘厚度与窝均总产仔数之间的关系。结果表明，所有试验母猪胎盘效率高的2／3的母猪的窝均总产仔数高于胎盘效率低的1／3的母猪；胎盘厚度高的2／3的母猪的窝均总产仔数高于胎盘厚度低的1／3的母猪。说明母猪胎盘胎盘效率及厚度与窝均总产仔数有正相关关系，而胎盘面积与窝均产仔数有负相关关系。     

小猪崽

去年,爸爸妈妈用上等饲料喂养家里的那头母猪。我们全家都希望大母猪能生下一窝小猪崽。真是功夫不负有心人,今年10月,大母猪顺利地生下了8只淘气又可爱的小猪崽。     

答读者问

编辑老师：一天下午,我的同学胡某（18岁）带表弟王某（13岁）在集市上闲逛,发现一头母猪在街边躺卧。胡某便对王某说：“去逗逗它。”王某便拾起一石块向母猪砸去。母猪被砸中后跃起往前猛冲。这时60岁老太太高某正在街上行走,见母猪向她冲来便住街边急闪,将街边一陶瓷摊撞翻,损失价值1000元陶瓷。     

采取被动免疫措施预防仔猪黄白痢

选择妊娠母猪48头,分为试验组和对照组各24头,于分娩前20～28天,以混有仔猪黄白痢新鲜粪便的饲料免疫试验组母猪,分舍饲养,并对两纽母猪及其产后的仔猪进行临床观察。试验结果表明:试验组比对照组发病率下降11％,成活率提高4.8％,药费减少0.09元/头.本试验的意义在于可为集体化。工厂化养猪预防仔猪黄白痢提供参考。     

Male-female associations in the domestic guinea pig

Male courtship of nonreceptive females and male-male agonistic encounters were monitored daily for eight heterosexual groups of guinea pigs. Typically, one male (the associating male) accounted for much more courtship of a given female during her pregnancy than did any of the other males. Associating males were high ranking animals but were not always the group’s normal alpha male. Nonalpha associating males invariably ranked higher on the day of the female’s litter and postpartum estrus than their modal daily rank during her pregnancy. In 10 of the 18 cases, a nonalpha associating male took over the alpha position on the day of the litter. The courtship of females by associating males was found to differ from that by nonassociating males in that associating males displayed circling, rumping, swaying, and pursuit in a significantly higher percentage of the total number of courtship bouts.     

当前对养猪业影响较大的猪病研究进展

现代兽医防疫技术和饲养管理措施的广泛应用,使一些严重威胁养猪业发展的烈性传染病已在全球范围内基本得到遏制,但随着集约化养猪业的发展,那些原本不太引起人们注意的疾病和一些新发现的疾病其危害逐渐显现出来,对当前养猪业造成了很大损失。     

香猪品种资源及其开发利用

本文就香猪的生态环境和主要生态特征作了系统介绍,阐述了香猪资源的开发利用价值并提出了保种措施。     

Study on pig growth hormone gene polymorphisms in western meat-type breeds and Chinese local breeds

Chinese Meishan and Jiangquhai pigs are two of the most prolific pigs in the world, but their growth rate is lower than that of Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain pigs. It is suggested that growth rate is regulated by growth hormone. The objective of the current study was to analyze the porcine growth hormone (pGH) gene polymorphisms based on the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment-length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) for three western meat-type breeds (Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain) and two local Chinese pigs (Meishan and Jiangquhai). Five polymorphic restriction sites were detected with the ApaI, MspI, BspI and HhaI restriction enzymes in two amplified fragments (605 bp, -119 to +486; 506 bp, +206 to +711). Breed difference was found only in the 506 bp fragment. There was no difference in allelic frequencies of BspI and HhaI restriction sites among the five breeds (P>0.05). Landrace and Meishan pigs lacked allele G3 of MspI site. The allele G3 frequency of restriction MspI site of the 506 bp fragment in Pietrain pigs was higher than that in Duroc and Jianquhai pigs (P<0.001). For ApaI site, the Meishan pigs lacked allele G1; no difference was found in allelic frequencies among Pietrain, Duroc, Landrace and Jiangquhai pigs (P>0.05). This new and rapid PCR-RFLP typing method is an attractive tool for analysis of porcine growth hormone gene restriction sites. The differences in MspI and ApaI restriction sites may explain the growth difference between the foreign meat-type breeds above mentioned and local Chinese pigs.     

Study on pig growth hormone gene polymorphisms in western meat-type breeds and Chinese local breeds

INTRODUCTIONGrowthhormone (GH)isapeptidehormonewhichregulatesgrowthandvariousmetabolicac tivities (Sterle,1 995;Yuan ,1 996) .InjectionsofGHintogrowingpigsincreasedgrowthrateoftheanimalsandthepercentageofmuscle ,andwhilefataccretionwasdecreased (Bonneau ,…     

《蝇王》中的节奏与扩展

《蝇王》中的节奏,体现在对照和重复的模式之中,暗示出邪恶的不断扩展。为了提醒读者这种总体的节奏,戈尔丁将该书的情节压缩成两种朝相反方向发展的对立性活动。在积极、理性的一方,是探险和集会;在消极,非理性的一方,则是扔石头和杀猪。杀猪和扔石头为解释作品的主题提供了一个隐喻性的结构。     

Early lethality of shRNA-transgenic pigs due to saturation of microRNA pathways

RNA interference (RNAi) is considered as a potential modality for clinical treatment and anti-virus animal breeding. Here, we investigate the feasibility of inhibiting classical swine fever virus (CSFV) replication by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in vitro and in vivo. We generate four different shRNA-positive clonal cells and two types of shRNA-transgenic pigs. CSFV could be effectively inhibited in shRNA-positive clonal cells and tail tip fibroblasts of shRNA-transgenic pigs. Unexpectedly, an early lethality due to shRNA is observed in these shRNA-transgenic pigs. With further research on shRNA-positive clonal cells and transgenic pigs, we report a great induction of interferon (IFN)-responsive genes in shRNA-positive clonal cells, altered levels of endogenous microRNAs (miRNA), and their processing enzymes in shRNA-positive cells. What is more, abnormal expressions of miRNAs and their processing enzymes are also observed in the livers of shRNA-transgenic pigs, indicating saturation of miRNA/shRNA pathways induced by shRNA. In addition, we investigate the effects of shRNAs on the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. These results show that shRNA causes adverse effects in vitro and in vivo and shRNA-induced disruption of the endogenous miRNA pathway may lead to the early lethality of shRNA-transgenic pigs. We firstly report abnormalities of the miRNA pathway in shRNA-transgenic animals, which may explain the early lethality of shRNA-transgenic pigs and has important implications for shRNA-transgenic animal preparation.     

二甲酸钾对早期断奶仔猪生长和粪便微生物菌群的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同剂量的二甲酸钾对早期断乳仔猪生长和粪便微生物菌群结构的影响,试验选择21日龄断乳仔猪120头,随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组共四个组,在日粮中分别添加0、0.6%、1.2%、1.8%的二甲酸钾.试验结果,在0~14d,随着二甲酸钾在日粮中添加剂量的增加,仔猪的平均日增重和料重比呈逐步改善,且试验Ⅱ和试验Ⅲ组均呈显著的提高(P＜0.05),而在15~28d,仔猪的平均日增重和料重比,均以试验Ⅱ组效果最好且差异显著(P＜0.05). 在0~28d,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组仔猪的平均日增重分别提高了5.14%、9.05%和8.01%,差异均为显著(P＜0.05).试验Ⅱ和试验Ⅲ组仔猪的料重比分别下降了5.85%和6.43%,差异均显著(P＜0.05);但试验Ⅰ组与对照组、试验Ⅲ组与试验Ⅱ组以及试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅰ组之间仔猪的平均日增重和料重比之间均无明显差异(P＞0.05).添加二甲酸钾对仔猪的平均日采食量均无明显的影响(P＞0.05).日粮中添加二甲酸钾剂可有效地降低了仔猪粪便中大肠杆菌数量和大肠杆菌/乳酸杆菌的比值(P＜0.05).试验结果表明,在早期断乳仔猪日粮中添加一定剂量的二甲酸钾明显改善了仔猪的日增重和饲料转化率,以及粪便微生物菌群结构,且添加剂量在1.2%~1.8%之间较为适宜.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症（PRRS）的研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症(PRRS)是一种新近发现的猪病毒性传染病，自1987年首次在美国发现以来，近三年时间内，已传遍世界各地，我国也已发现有本病存在，他给各国养猪业造成严重的经济损失，成为当前兽医研究的一个新的热点。世界各国兽医界学者对本病进行了大量调查研究，取得了一定的成绩。本文从病毒学、发病机理和病理学、临床流行病学、实验室诊断技术和防治措施等五方面详细介绍该病目前的研究进展。我国是世界上养猪最多的国家，应高度警惕此病的传播，并高度重视其防治工作。     

粉渣替代部分粮食喂猪试验

用粉渣代替部分粮食喂肥育猪。试验用 30千克左右的长白杂交猪 2 0头 ,分成试验和对照组 ,每组 1 0头 ,公母各半 ,试验组饲喂用粉渣代替部分粮食的自配饲料 ,而对照组饲喂常规配合饲料。结果表明试验组与对照组净增重、日增重和日耗料无显著差异 ,而试验组的日支出低于对照组的 ,日增收高于对照组的。暗示粉渣可代替部分粮食喂猪