大学英语教师发展问题与对策——基于“外教社杯”全国大学英语教学大赛的思考

教师发展问题是关乎高校教育发展的核心问题.通过全国大学英语教学大赛选手的教学展示发现,目前教师发展存在的问题是：对教材的把控能力不够,教学方法陈旧,对新理念理解不到位,不能应用于具体的教学.以上问题在很大程度上与教师的结构、师范院校的课程设置、培训以及高校的评价机制有关,需要各高校完善课程设置、构建符合教师发展的管理和评价机制,实施高校教师发展的国培计划.     

普通师范院校英语专业新生学习状况调查与研究

进入大学后,英语专业的新生面对细分的专业课会出现诸多的不适应.为了解他们的学习状况,课题组进行了问卷调查.调查涉及四个方面：新生在中学的学习情况、入学后的学习动机、自主学习能力和对学习困难的态度.通过调查和分析,了解到了新生的学习状况.在此基础上,提出了具体的学习指导建议,以期帮助他们克服学习困难,顺利度过大一这一过渡时期.     

The measurement of administrative effectiveness of the academic department head

A total of 103 academic department heads in four universities rated a set of 15 administrative activities as to their importance. Faculty members in these departments (totalN=1,333) used the same set of activities to rate both the importance they should be given by the department head and the effectiveness with which the head performed each set during the previous 12 months. Tests of reliability revealed that faculty ratings of both importance and performance were made with reasonable internal consistency. Three tests of construct validity showed that each of the three types of ratings were made with at least minimal validity. A principal components analysis of faculty ratings of performance suggested that the department head has three major types of responsibility: personnel management; departmental planning and development; and building the department's reputation.     

Faculty evaluation of a faculty development center

There is relatively little firm information concerning the effectiveness of faculty development programs at the present time. This condition is not likely to be alleviated by any one study, including the present one. The study does, however, offer a rationale for the faculty survey approach it uses and reports faculty responses concerning importance and performance, to each of 19 functions that make up the faculty development program at the institution involved. The study was conducted in a large urban university and involved responses from both faculty who had participated in the program during the preceding year and those who had not. It was concluded that, despite the subjective nature and other limitations of the survey approach to evaluation of faculty development programs, the information provided is useful both as a basis for decision making and program improvement.     

中美高校教师聘任制度之比较:基于教师利益的分析

中国高校教师聘任制改革中出现了忽视教师利益的问题。教师利益可以分为教师个体的物质利益与精神利益,以及教师群体的学术利益。与美国大学教师聘任的比较发现,中国高校学术评议机构泛行政化导致了学术利益表达不畅通;行政权力过大,损害和压制了学术利益;教师个体的权利和利益得不到制度的支持。实施聘任制的关键是:改革学术评议机构,限制行政权力,增强学术权力,促进教师聘任程序的民主性和公开性。     

对加强高校政工队伍建设的思考

在高校政工队伍的建设取得了显著的成绩的同时也存在着诸如年龄、职称结构不尽合理,政工工作者的整体素质不是很高,“人心不稳”、“人心思动”的现象,领导重视程度不够与经费投入严重不足等问题。这需要我们采取通过深造、培训等措施,着力提高政工工作人员的整体素质;采取有效措施,稳定高校政工队伍;建立一支以专职为主、兼职为辅的专兼职相结合的政工队伍;重视高校政工科学理论与工作方法的研究,以切实加强高校政工队伍的建设。     

The Rankings of Marketing Programs in China

ABSTRACT

This paper reports how Chinese marketing educators perceive the relative quality of Chinese marketing programs. The rankings and evaluative criteria adopted indicate that Chinese marketing educators consider more on the inputs to the program, for instance faculty quality and strength, whilst output characteristics like competence of graduates receive no attention. The evidence presented in this paper seems to indicate that the faculty quality and strength of Chinese marketing educators are at the moment very weak. Innovative measures, for instance the marketing teaching company scheme, should be adopted.     

Emeriti faculty as mentors: the benefits and rewards of mentoring the next generation

ABSTRACT

This holistic single-case study reports on the benefits mentors derived from participating in the Increasing Minority Presence within Academia through Continuous Training (IMPACT) mentoring program. The IMPACT program was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Office for Broadening Participation in Engineering 15–7680 (awards #1542728 and #1542524). In this program, emeriti faculty were matched with underrepresented minority faculty in the engineering professoriate for career-focused mentorship. The conceptual framework of the Benefits of Being a Mentor grounded this study. Findings indicate mentors appreciate the opportunity to give back and remain engaged in the field, to relive past academic career experiences, and to support the next generation of engineering professors while adjusting to retirement. These findings aligned with the conceptual framework on three factors: rewarding experience, improved job performance, and generativity. Implications for administrators and faculty, as well as additional research areas, are discussed.     

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Theory–Practice Integration in a Faculty Certificate Program

There is growing recognition of the complexity of academic work and the need for university and college faculty members to develop scholarly approaches to teaching and learning. While structured programs of study have been initiated for faculty to address these issues in various higher education contexts, very little research has investigated the theory–practice relationship of the scholarship of teaching and learning within a faculty certificate program context. This article presents a program development and evaluation framework to enhance the theory–practice integration of the scholarship of teaching and learning in such a program. Data suggest that a broad range of institutional and programmatic strategies can enhance the scholarship of teaching and learning in a faculty certificate program. A scholarly approach to teaching and learning is viewed as both an individual and social contextual process.Dr Harry Hubball and Dr Helen Burt are faculty members at the University of British Columbia, BC, Canada. Harry Hubball's research focuses on curriculum and pedagogy in university settings. He coordinates the UBC Faculty Certificate Program on Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. Helen Burt is the Associate Dean of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Her research interests include the development of novel polymer-based drug delivery systems.     

美国大学的学术休假制度

学术休假是美国大学教师发展的一种重要制度形式,它源于19世纪末美国研究型大学的崛起及其对教师国际化的需求。后被证实在提升教师教学水平,促进科研创新能力,提高教师队伍士气,缓解教师职业倦怠等方面有明显功效。本文介绍了美国大学的学术休假制度的起源、价值、目标及制度规章,并对围绕这一制度的争议与实证研究做了探讨。     

Curriculum Mapping: A Before‐and‐After Look at Faculty Perceptions of Their Courses and the Mapping Process

The increased interest in program‐ and university‐level assessment over the past few decades has led to increased faculty involvement in developing program learning outcomes and performing program assessment activities. Depending on the level of support and encouragement faculty receive from administration and other entities, they may support or resist these activities. Faculty resistance may stem from fear of losing control of their course content, discouragement over previous failed assessment attempts, or confusion from inconsistent leadership. The School of Food Science, a joint program between the Washington State University and the University of Idaho, recently completed a curriculum mapping and assessment exercise that was conducted entirely by faculty. Faculty members teaching undergraduate courses were surveyed about their opinions of the mapping and assessment process both before and after the process was conducted. The goal of the surveys was to evaluate faculty opinion of these processes and how that opinion changed after completing the processes. Faculty members were generally supportive of the mapping and assessment processes, and willing to participate, and this opinion did not change after the processes were complete. The results of the mapping and assessment activities surprised most of the faculty, and they stated that they had ideas to address the issues found during the exercises. Overall, these results are encouraging in terms of faculty support of the mapping and assessment processes. Provided that administrative support of these processes continues and there is consistent leadership, faculty should continue to be supportive of program level assessment.     

美国大学教师教学发展项目的评估研究

20世纪70年代中期迄今,美国研究者就诸多教师教学发展项目进行了大量评估。在评估内容上,基于不同目的,以及评估活动的各不相同,评估对象以教师与学生为主,对管理者的评估日益受到关注;在评估方法上,多采用严谨的对照实验与前后测实验设计,使用问卷、观察、访谈以及混合方法等实证研究方法,戏剧表演、学习评估工具等也是常用评估方法;在评估效果上,很多项目不仅改善了教师教学,也促进了学生学习。其项目评估可以给我国以借鉴:扩展项目评估对象,丰富项目评估活动;加强实证研究设计,提高评估的科学性;重视形成性评估,确保评估的连贯性。     

Measuring the Quality of Faculty and Administrative Worklife: Implications for College and University Campuses

There seems to be a presumption that the quality of worklife on college and university campuses has declined for faculty and administrative staff. What is not known is how generally true this is perceived to be, to what extent the quality of worklife varies by campus, and for what reasons it varies. Most importantly, it is not clear what impact the quality of worklife of faculty and staff members has on their performance or retention. The following article reviews the recent empirical literature devoted to this topic and offers a framework that conceptualizes these studies in three groups: those that describe and explore differences in the quality of worklife, those that determine the impact of worklife on attitudes, and those that attempt to explain behavioral outcomes. The implications of this work for practice and policy on college and university campuses is discussed. The author argues that campus leaders who want to improve the performance and retention of faculty and administrative staff must identify and address the particular issues that matter to those employed on their campuses.     

The influence of students' values and educational attitudes on their evaluation of faculty

The study determined the influence of students' values and educational attitudes on their evaluation of faculty. Sixty-five graduate students completed an evaluation form, a value survey, and an attitude scale at the end of an adult learning theory course. Multiple regression and path analysis showed that (a) educational attitudes and selected values accounted for 27% of the variance in student evaluation of faculty, (b) educational attitudes were responsible for 8% of the variance in student evaluation of faculty, and (c) values per se were not significantly related to student evaluation of faculty. A path model suggested that values influenced student evaluation of faculty through educational attitudes. The findings suggested that students' values and attitudes play a major role in their evaluation of faculty and should be recognized by teachers when interpreting the results of such ratings.     

基于绩效的教师培训与发展模式

网络教学师资的培训和发展并非在真空环境下发生,组织者需要考虑网络教育的采用(adoption)和使用效率(effectiveness)的提高两方面因素。传统的培训方法并不能满足教师需要。本文从系统的绩效分析出发,提出了一个系统的网络师资培训模式,该模式中提出了一些不同于传统培训的新方法,比如绩效支持、知识共享、用户社区和形成性评估。     

Academic Criteria,Experiential Background,and Personal Interviews as Predictors of Success in a Counselor Education Program

A 4-year evaluation was conducted of a counselor education trainee selection process that places approximately equal weight on three selection criteria: academic index, experiential background, and personal interviews. Mean faculty rankings were obtained for 77 trainees on three separate evaluative areas: (a) academic success in the program, (b) overall counseling competency in the program, and (c) anticipated success in the field. Results of Pearson product-moment correlational analyses indicated that two selection criteria (Miller's Analogies Test and the Verbal portion of the Graduate Records Examination) were significantly related to faculty-ranked academic success. No single criterion, however, was significantly related with faculty rankings of either counseling competency or anticipated success in the field. The correlation between the Miller's Analogy Test and a measure of “overall success in counselor education” was in the predicted direction but failed to reach the traditional levels of statistical significance (p < .09). Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.     

教师在高校管理中的角色定位

探究真理是大学的使命,大学教师需要学术自由,大学自治是学术自由的制度保障,教师因此获得管理大学的权利。教师的管理权范围涉及大学的所有事务,考量管理效率、教师以学术为中心、教师对高校管理作用的发挥这三种因素,应该在大学内建立教师和行政人员分工协作的管理体制。建立相关委员会,教师通过参与委员会行使管理大学的职能,委员会具有政策制定权,学校行政部门行使执行权。应该加强制度建设,落实教师的管理权。     

Measuring the impact of a new faculty program using institutional data

This paper presents a quasi-experimental evaluation of a required, teaching-focused, new faculty program at a large research university. The study makes use of institutional data, including student evaluations of teaching and faculty participation in educational development activities, which are available on many campuses yet rarely used in program evaluation. Results show positive impacts. Faculty found the program valuable and reported increases in their preparation for a range of teaching tasks. In comparison to earlier cohorts, program participants received stronger student evaluations on two global items, and demonstrated significantly more connections with the teaching center in their early careers.     

Political processes in an academic audit: Linking evaluative information to programmatic decisions

This paper discusses the political processes involved in an academic program evaluation. Specifically, the paper focuses on how evaluative information is politically linked to programmatic decisions within the context of various organizational and evaluative utilization models. Data gathered from a program evaluation conducted at a small (N=2,500 students), public, liberal arts university in the Southeast are used in examining the explanatory power of the various theories and models.Presented at the 23rd Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, Toronto, May 1983.     

A comparison of scholarly productivity among current professors who obtained terminal degrees

ABSTRACT

Although scholarship is important in higher education and faculty productivity expectations are continually increasing, we still do not understand the holistic view of faculty productivity. This study takes a different viewpoint on faculty productivity examining differences by university classification and by discipline. Most importantly, we sought to obtain the effects of the delivery mode of terminal degree on later faculty productivity. The mode of terminal degree via Internet delivery looks attractive to students, but this study found that this has implications for future research productivity. These three elements illustrate a different scope that has important implications for administrative leaders looking to hire future faculty as well as students thinking about becoming a future faculty member. To capture this view, 600 faculty members from 59 American universities were surveyed. From this survey, five different variables emerged to create an overall faculty scholarly productivity factor. This factor was then compared against university classification, discipline, and mode of terminal degree. Results showed surprising significant differences between university classifications and disciplines as compared to scholarly productivity. One of the most noteworthy findings was that there is a significant difference in faculty productivity based on the mode of terminal degree. Furthermore, no difference in later faculty scholarly productivity exists between that of a hybridized, online degree and a purely online degree. Again, these results indicate significant finds which have a high influence on faculty scholarly productivity, which holds important implications for the future of the university.