精益价值管理的基本原理与方法研究

本文分析了以项目研发为主要特征的科技型企业在实施精益方式面临的主要挑战,指出科技型企业应实现从精益生产向精益价值管理的转变。在比较各种价值理论发展过程的基础上,提出了项目全寿命期精益价值管理的概念,研究了其特点、构成要素及评价价值各要素的工具和方法。最后,指出了企业向精益价值转变的基本途径和方法。     

一种改进的万有引力搜索算法——TSP问题为例

本文旨在找到一种改进的万有引力搜索算法,快速准确解决组合优化问题,以最小旅行距离为目标的经典商人旅行问题为例,使用实数编码,并将连续数值区间的位置变量映射到离散的组合排序,即可行的旅行方案;为了有效地避免算法陷入局部最优解,使用模拟退火算法进行局部扩展搜索,进一步提高解的质量;最后通过仿真对比,得出结合模拟退火算法的万有引力搜索算法具有收敛速度快,精度高的特点这一结论。     

浅谈绿色工位管理

针对企业中制造系统管理存在的问题,把全面质量管理与实际生产相结合,提出了绿色工位管理方式,并介绍了绿色工位管理的基本原理及具体实施方式,这种管理方法是达到精益生产的有效途径。     

基于因子分析的生产过程维度下精益实施能力分析及评价研究

生产过程是制造企业最重要也是最根本的流程。为了有助于精益生产方式的推行,探索企业的精益实施能力,从制造型企业最重要的特征出发,提出了生产过程能力这一概念,并在精益的范畴内加以解释。以专家交流的方式确定了生产过程能力维度下精益实施能力的影响因素,并通过设计调查问卷搜集了各个影响因素的相关数据,利用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析的方法对所搜集的数据进行分析,提出评价指标体系,并验证指标体系的拟合度,期望能为企业实施精益生产提供新的思考角度和理论依据。     

基于最优搜索步长的封闭量子系统的控制

利用变分法导出量子力学系统中一类最优控制问题的方程组，并使用具有最优搜索步长的开关变尺度法对最优控制问题进行数值迭代求解，最后在自旋1/2粒子上进行了系统仿真实验，验证了本文方法的有效性，同时对性能指标中参数的不同选择对整个最优控制效果影响的一般规律进行了分析。     

Model-driven formative evaluation of exploratory search: A study under a sensemaking framework

The evaluation of exploratory search relies on the ongoing paradigm shift from focusing on the search algorithm to focusing on the interactive process. This paper proposes a model-driven formative evaluation approach, in which the goal is not the evaluation of a specific system, per se, but the exploration of new design possibilities. This paper gives an example of this approach where a model of sensemaking was used to inform the evaluation of a basic exploratory search system(s) in the context of a sensemaking task. The model suggested that, rather than just looking at simple search performance measures, we should examine closely the interwoven, interactive processes of both representation construction and information seeking. Participants were asked to make sense of an unfamiliar topic using an augmented query-based search system. The processes of representation construction and information seeking were captured and analyzed using data from experiment notes, interviews, and a system log. The data analysis revealed users’ sources of ideas for structuring representations and a tightly coupled relationship between search and representation construction in their exploratory searches. For example, users strategically used search to find useful structure ideas instead of just accumulating information facts. Implications for improving current search systems and designing new systems are discussed.     

Robust suboptimal feedback control for a fed-batch nonlinear time-delayed switched system

The optimal control strategy constructed in the form of a state feedback is effective for small state perturbations caused by changes in modeling uncertainty. In this paper, we investigate a robust suboptimal feedback control (RSPFC) problem governed by a nonlinear time-delayed switched system with uncertain time delay arising in a 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) microbial fed-batch process. The feedback control strategy is designed based on the radial basis function to balance the two (possibly competing) objectives: (i) the system performance (concentration of 1,3-PD at the terminal time of the fermentation) is to be optimal; and (ii) the system sensitivity (the system performance with respect to the uncertainty of the time-delay) is to be minimized. The RSPFC problem is subject to the continuous state inequality constraints. An exact penalty method and a novel time scaling transformation approach are used to transform the RSPFC problem into the one subject only to box constraints. The resulting problem is solved by a hybrid optimization algorithm based on a filled function method and a gradient-based algorithm. Numerical results are given to verify the effectiveness of the developed hybrid optimization algorithm.     

A distance-based weighting framework for boosting the performance of dynamic ensemble selection

Dynamic Ensemble Selection (DES) strategy is one of the most common and effective techniques in machine learning to deal with classification problems. DES systems aim to construct an ensemble consisting of the most appropriate classifiers selected from the candidate classifier pool according to the competence level of the individual classifier. Since several classifiers are selected, their combination becomes crucial. However, most of current DES approaches focus on the combination of the selected classifiers while ignoring the local information surrounding the query sample needed to be classified. In order to boost the performance of DES-based classification systems, we in this paper propose a dynamic weighting framework for the classifier fusion during obtaining the final output of an DES system. In particular, the proposed method first employs a DES approach to obtain a group of classifiers for a query sample. Then, the hypothesis vector of the selected ensemble is obtained based on the analysis of consensus. Finally, a distance-based weighting scheme is developed to adjust the hypothesis vector depending on the closeness of the query sample to each class. The proposed method is tested on 30 real-world datasets with six well-known DES approaches based on both homogeneous and heterogeneous ensemble. The obtained results, supported by proper statistical tests, show that our method outperforms, both in terms of accuracy and kappa measures, the original DES framework.     

基于混合自适应遗传算法的协同多目标攻击空战决策（英文）

研究了多机协同多目标攻击空战决策问题。它是依据空战形势，寻求M架友机对N架敌机的一个适当的攻击分配方案，以实现最优的期望攻击效果。为此，本文首先建立了决策问题的数学模型，接着应用混合自适应遗传算法对其进行求解。在混合自适应遗传算法中，将一种局部搜索方法引入自适应遗传算法以提高其搜索能力。同时，设计了用于满足决策问题的非常规交叉算子。仿真实验结果表明所设计的混合自适应遗传算法比自适应遗传算法能更有效的解决协同多目标攻击空战决策问题。     

基于风险调整后资本收益率的最优资产投资组合

通过极大化风险调整后的资本收益率(RAROC),建立了一个最优资产投资组合方案。根据RAROC的分式结构,以及回报函数和风险函数通常是关于投资额的齐次函数,将分式优化问题转化为对其分母的最优化。当风险资产期末回报率服从正态分布,风险度量采用在险价值或条件在险价值时,极大化RAROC的问题可以转化为目标函数为二次平方根函数,约束为线性灯饰和不等式的最优化问题,此时可以利用二阶锥优化模型进行求解。     

风险影响下的改进灰色关键链进度管理研究

关键链进度管理将资源限制与工序路径放在同等重要的地位,并能有效解决人员惰性问题,确保项目按时完成。在综合考虑风险因素对项目的影响下,优化指标系统,并提出用改进灰色关联分析法来进行关键链管理。此方法既可以在最大程度上消除项目不确定性,又能有效缩减项目工期,能为项目管理者提供对策意见,具有一定的现实意义。     

汽车研发组织精益质量管理体系构建及优化方法研究

结合我国汽车企业研发质量管理薄弱的现状，围绕汽车研发组织如何建立精益质量管理体系以解决资源、成本、效率、产品等方面存在的管理问题，提出了与研发活动相匹配的质量管理体系构建方法，建立了以设计和开发作为价值创造核心过程、以管理和支持作为辅助过程的研发组织质量管理体系框架，基于CATARC管理问题解决方案开发了质量管理体系优化方法，并提炼了具备六种特征的“精益化”质量管理体系，为汽车企业的设计开发部门、技术中心或研究院等研发组织提供了质量能力提升与管理创新的方法和途径。     

传统制造业精益数字化水平评估方法

立足智能制造背景,在解析精益数字化内涵和已有相关研究的基础上,围绕"人机料法环",立足于投入-过程-产出的企业生产运作过程系统地提取精益数字化驱动因素,构建包含数字化的人员素质培养、基础设施建设、制度建设、信息利用、物流-供应链智能一体化、生产改进、产品和生产绿色化等8个子系统的企业精益数字化水平评估指标体系并确定指标评估标准。在此基础上,应用直觉模糊熵和模糊集对分析法构建评估模型,并以某A传统制造业企业为例进行案例分析。研究结果表明:运用上述方法的评估结果与案例企业现实情况基本吻合,较为科学地反映了企业精益数字化推进水平和转型短板,其中基础设施配备、数字化技术或精益文化员工培训、数字信息安全管理、数字信息双向传递、数据分析、车间物流准确配送、供应链协同、生产信息流畅通及生产柔性化等9个方面是企业推进精益数字化的关键所在。期望为传统制造业智能转型顺利推进和精益数字化水平科学评估提供一定的决策依据和理论支持。     

精益生产方式下供应商模糊综合评价

供应商作为供应链的源头对于企业的生存和发展起着至关重要的作用,而精益生产方式以其独有的管理理念在企业中得到了大量推广.以科学性、全面性、实用性为原则,结合动态与静态、定性与定量的分析方法建立了完整的精益生产方式下的供应商评价选择指标体系,并借助于两阶段模糊层次分析法,改善精益生产企业以往评价指标的不足,帮助企业选择合适的供应商,提高供应链的整体绩效.     

New approach to the problem of information system effectiveness evaluation

The object of this paper is to present a new kind of approach to the problem of information system effectiveness evaluation as based on the theory of fuzzy sets. On the basis of this theory, the concepts of relevance and pertinence, which are the basic concepts used in determining the indices of information system effectiveness evaluation, have been defined. Assuming that in evaluating the effectiveness of information systems, one should consider separately the problem of quality evaluation of the transformation of the contents of documents and information requests into their search patterns and the problem of quality evaluation of the process of profile control of a document set of the information system, definitions have been given of parameters of quality evaluation of the transformation of the contents of documents and information requests into their search patterns with regard to a given information request as well as of parameters of quality evaluation of the process with regard to the whole set of information requests under examination. Besides, parameters of quality evaluation of the process of profile control of a document set of the information system have been defined. The parameters of effectiveness evaluation of information systems put forward in this paper take account of the fact that both evaluation of the relevance and evaluation of the pertinence of documents are of a continuous character.     

A user-centered approach to evaluating human interaction with Web search engines: an exploratory study

A growing body of studies is developing approaches to evaluating human interaction with Web search engines, including the usability and effectiveness of Web search tools. This study explores a user-centered approach to the evaluation of the Web search engine Inquirus – a Web meta-search tool developed by researchers from the NEC Research Institute. The goal of the study reported in this paper was to develop a user-centered approach to the evaluation including: (1) effectiveness: based on the impact of users' interactions on their information problem and information seeking stage, and (2) usability: including screen layout and system capabilities for users. Twenty-two volunteers searched Inquirus on their own personal information topics. Data analyzed included: (1) user pre- and post-search questionnaires and (2) Inquirus search transaction logs. Key findings include: (1) Inquirus was rated highly by users on various usability measures, (2) all users experienced some level of shift/change in their information problem, information seeking, and personal knowledge due to their Inquirus interaction, (3) different users experienced different levels of change/shift, and (4) the search measure precision did not correlate with other user-based measures. Some users experienced major changes/shifts in various user-based variables, such as information problem or information seeking stage with a search of low precision and vice versa. Implications for the development of user-centered approaches to the evaluation of Web and information retrieval (IR) systems and further research are discussed.     

高校自动排课系统的设计

快速、合理、优化的自动排课系统设计是高校教务管理的难点。对高校自动排课系统进行了分析,提出了排课问题的约束条件,给出了系统功能设计和数据库设计。自动排课系统实现智能化、人性化的排课过程,科学地编制课程表,合理进行课程搭配,充分利用教学资源,对学校教务管理工作的完善有重要作用。     

制造企业精益生产水平评价方法研究

国内很多制造型企业在推行精益生产时效果并不令人满意,主要表现为精益化不足和精益化过度,而要做到恰到好处的精益化,准确了解企业自身精益生产水平就显得非常重要。把模糊理论和神经网络技术应用于对企业精益生产水平的评价,建立科学、系统的精益生产水平评价指标体系,构建模糊神经网络评价模型。实例分析表明,网络模型的实际输出值与预测输出值相差不大,表明该模型具有较高的预测精度。测试结果进一步验证模型的可靠性和有效性。     

一种基于Petri网的足球机器人角色转换的设计

足球机器人具有离散事件系统（DES）的特征，而Petri网是一种很好的离散系统的建模工具，能够比较直观地反映系统的动态特性。因此本文针对多机器人对抗比赛中各个机器人如何分配角色的问题，给出了机器人角色转换的原理和基于计算机多线程编程的动态角色分配协议，并进一步建立了一种基于Petri网的角色转换模型，通过仿真对该模型进行了可达性分析。最后，本文通过实验较好地实现了多机器人之间的角色转换。