网络课程可用性现状的调查与分析

网络课程是一种信息密集型技术制成的教育软件产品,可用性是衡量其质量高低的要素之一.笔者从2009年国家评审出的50门网络精品课程中随机抽取了30门,根据可用性专家Jakob Nielsen提出的十条可用性启发式准则,对这些网络课程进行了可用性启发式评估,随后笔者对我国网络课程可用性总体水平相对低下的原因进行了分析,并提出了改进建议.本文旨在利用Jakob Nielsen总结的十条通用的可用性启发式准则,来透视我国网络课程的可用性质量现状.     

网络教学平台的选择和分析模型研究

近十多年来网络教学平台飞速发展,各种平台大量涌现。用户面对众多的平台,因缺乏合适评价指标而无从选择。如何帮助用户根据自身需求选择和分析网络教学平台?笔者在广泛调研国内外网络教学平台发展现状、分析现有评价指标体系的优缺点的基础上,提出从用户体验和教学可用性出发构建网络教学平台的选择和分析模型(SAM)。本研究通过文献调研、理论研究、平台分析与比较以及用户调研确定了该模型9个一级维度、38个二级维度,通过共性指标构建、个性指标构建和最终指标形成三个阶段,确定了272项具体指标,最后构建了五类平台的参考模型。     

OSI与TCWIP网络模型分析

针对OSI与TCP／IP网络参考模型构成,对OSI与TCP／IP网络参考模型各层进行拆解分析和研究。通过对两种网络模型的分析研究,能更准确的认识与理解网络的结构化构成,有益于日后相关网络相关组件的深入研发工作。     

一种节能的无线移动通信网络传输机制及其网络生存时间研究

针对无线移动通信网络的功率控制重要性特点提出了一个基于节能的无线移动通信网络信息传输机制,并在该机制下,研究了网络的最大生存时间,提出并证明了网络的最大生存时间的一个上界,最后进行了仿真并详细分析了仿真结果.     

网络课程可用性质量的衡量与评估

评估和改进网络课程的可用性质量,需要有一种客观、统一和定量的衡量标准作为参照系。目前,国际上已有的网络课程评价标准,虽然对可用性的评价有所涉及,但不像教学设计、媒体设计等指标,对网络课程可用性质量的评价指标重视程度还不够,考虑得不够系统、全面和成熟,这和当前可用性在网络课程质量评价中的突显地位是不对称的,所以构建一份客观、统一和定量的网络课程可用性衡量标准是现实所需。本文在国际上已有的网络课程评价标准的基础上,构建了一份适于我国国情的网络课程建设质量检查表,以期为我国的网络课程建设及国家网络精品课程的评审提供借鉴。     

高校网络精品课程可用性的调查研究——基于用户（学习者）体验及需求的视角

从用户（学习者）体验及需求的角度开展网络课程可用性研究,为网络课程评价研究提供了新的方向。本研究从用户（学习者）的视角出发,将2007至2010年的国家网络精品课程作为一种产品进行调查评价和实证分析．全面梳理并深入分析了这些课程在可用性方面存在的问题及其原因,为提高网络课程的建设质量,特别是提高网络课程的可用性方面提供借鉴与指导。     

基于服务器集群的网络负载均衡系统研究

基于Windows Server 2003服务器集群的网络负载均衡系统。能够让多台服务器共同承担繁重的计算或大吞吐量工作,从而以较低成本消除网络瓶颈,提高网络的可用性和可靠性。     

高可用性网络技术研究

网络可用性用来描述网络系统的正常有效运行时间。对网络系统设计中可用性的预测及实现高可用性网络进行了探讨。     

ISO/OSI模型和TCP/IP模型之比较

ISO/OSI参考模型和TCP/IP参考模型是计算机网络的两种参考模型,本文阐述了它们之间存在的差异。     

网络教学平台的可用性评价研究综述

可用性评价是指从用户的角度出发,评价软件或产品是否易用、好用、令用户满意。网络教学平台的主要用户为教师和学习者,较之其它软件平台,对其可用性的评价在传统可用性评价维度,如可学习性、高效性、可记忆性、容错性、适意性等因素之外,需考虑师生教学相关的可用性因素。本文通过对网络教学平台可用性评价的文献梳理,归纳分析了国内外网络教学平台可用性评价的研究进展及相关实践现状。     

Academic resilience and its psychological and educational correlates: A construct validity approach

This study examines educational and psychological correlates of academic resilience using within‐network and between‐network validity approaches. Based on a sample of 402 Australian high‐school students, a newly developed unidimensional academic resilience construct found within‐network validity by way of sound item and factor properties. In terms of between‐network validity, correlation, path analysis, and cluster analysis showed that five factors predict academic resilience: self‐efficacy, control, planning, low anxiety, and persistence. Hence, a 5‐C model of academic resilience is proposed: confidence (self‐efficacy), coordination (planning), control, composure (low anxiety), and commitment (persistence). Path analysis also showed that academic resilience subsequently predicts three educational and psychological “outcomes”: enjoyment of school, class participation, and general self‐esteem. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 267–281, 2006.     

亲缘选择下网络互惠和直接互惠对合作进化的作用

合作的进化源于多种机制,主要包括亲缘选择、互惠利他和组选择.本文在亲缘选择下,基于囚徒困境和雪堆博弈的收益矩阵建立相应模型,讨论直接互惠和网络互惠对合作进化的作用.并对不同类型的博弈促进合作进化的条件进行分析.文中采用了"生灭"、"灭生"及"模仿"三种不同的更新机制.分析结果表明,在亲缘选择下,基于囚徒困境和雪堆博弈的直接互惠和网络互惠在不同的条件下可以促进合作的进化.     

Seismic Behavior of Frame with Specially Shaped Columns Subjected to Cyclic Load

In order to study the seismic behavior of frame with specially shaped columns,the hysteretic curve was analyzed based on a quasi-static test of a two-span,three-story frame with specially shaped columns.The top layer framework curve and the corresponding resilience model were obtained from the hysteretic curve.And the stiffness and strength degeneration were also investigated.The results indicated that the stiffness degeneration is not obvious,thus the frame with specially shaped columns has high earthquake-resistant behavior.The resilience model calculated from the test can provide reference for design and nonlinear finite element analysis.     

网络参考咨询服务模式研究

概述了网络参考咨询服务的概念及特征,详细论述了目前网络参考咨询服务的3种主要模式:电子参考咨询服务、实时参考咨询服务、合作数字参考咨询服务,分析归纳了各种模式的特点,提出了优化网络参考咨询服务的5条措施。     

网络学习境脉视角下的网络教育资源建设策略

该文以"网络学习境脉"的概念模型为基础,分别从该模型的三个构成要素:技术境脉、知识境脉与社会境脉角度出发,借鉴了无尺度网络理论,提出了网络教育资源建设的三个策略,为促进网络教育资源的建设提供了参考。     

Designing resilience research: Using multiple methods to investigate risk exposure,promotive and protective processes,and contextually relevant outcomes for children and youth

BackgroundInconsistent, poorly designed research on resilience in the human sciences has contributed to epistemological and ontological ambiguity which has fuelled claims that resilience as a concept is poorly theorized.ObjectiveBuilding on research with abused and neglected children around the world, the objective of this paper is to show that studies of resilience must account for: (a) risk exposure (of relevance in different contexts); (b) promotive and protective processes (internal and external resources associated with resilience across systems); and (c) desired outcomes (as privileged by stakeholders in different cultures and contexts).MethodBy identifying common aspects of resilience research from a purposeful selection of studies (ones with weak and strong methodologies), this paper identifies three dimensions of well-designed studies of childhood resilience.ResultsAttention to all three dimensions enhances both the empirical validity (in the quantitative research paradigm) and phenomenological trustworthiness (in qualitative research) of resilience research with children and families. Challenges researching resilience can also be resolved by designing studies that account for all three dimensions. These challenges include the lack of systemic thinking to account for contextual factors and other external threats to child wellbeing, and the excessive generalization of findings.ConclusionThis three-part model for resilience research reflects the very best practices among resilience researchers and has the potential to address the definitional and methodological ambiguity that plague studies of resilience.     

A virtual safe zone: Teachers supporting teenage student resilience through social media in times of war

We examine how teacher-student communication through social network technologies may support student resilience during an ongoing war (i.e., the 2014 Israel-Gaza war). Based on student responses from open-ended surveys (N = 68), five content categories of emotional support were identified: caring, reassuring, emotion sharing, belonging, and distracting. The mere existence of continuous online contact with teachers also contributed to resilience perceptions. Interviews with 11 secondary school teachers revealed three main purposes for this communication: (a) delivering emotional support to students, (b) monitoring their distress; and (c) maintaining civilized norms of discourse. Practical implications and theoretical contributions are discussed.     

Resilience in higher education students: a scoping review

ABSTRACT

The health, wellbeing and employability of university students are key considerations within higher education. In response, interest in student resilience is on the rise. Reviews of contemporary resilience literature highlight both conceptual and methodological weaknesses, issues which hamper attempts to design effective resilience interventions. To inform the design of a student resilience program, to be piloted at three Australian universities, a scoping review of resilience specific to the higher education context was undertaken. Searches of three electronic databases (PsychINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest) were conducted. Seventy-two peer-reviewed articles published between 2007 and 2017 were included in the review. While the review reaffirms the conceptual and methodological issues found in previous resilience research, it provides a useful critique of key issues in relation to university student resilience and interventions to enhance students’ resilience. Recommendations for educators and researchers are provided.     

心理弹性研究回顾与展望

遭遇困境仍然发展良好的个体被认为是具有心理弹性的。心理弹性研究经历了保护因素的确认、弹性形成机制的探索和心理弹性干预三个阶段。心理弹性研究主要有以变量为中心和以被试为中心两种范式。操作性定义难以确定、研究对象和研究主题分散是心理弹性研究面临的主要问题,也是今后研究取得进展的生长点。     

面向Adhoc网络的视频多描述编码及其传输方法

为增强无线多跳网络（Ad hoc网络）中视频传输的抗误码性能,提出了一种面向Ad hoc网络的视频多描述编码及其传输方法。首先,通过判断两个相邻帧运动矢量的差值,自适应地在视频序列中插入参考帧以提高帧间编码效率;然后分别抽取出视频序列中的奇数帧和偶数帧形成两个描述;最后,在确保传输路径可靠性的基础上,选取两个质量较高的节点不相交路径分别传输视频序列的两个描述,以提高视频传输的可靠性。OPNET Modeler中的仿真实验结果表明,与目前Ad hoc网络中典型的多描述编码及传输方法MDC_AODV相比,本文提出的方法有效地增强了视频传输的抗误码性,提高了接收端的视频质量。