Conceptual navigation in knowledge management environments using NavCon

This article presents conceptual navigation and NavCon, an architecture that implements this navigation in World Wide Web pages. NavCon architecture makes use of ontology as metadata to contextualize user search for information. Based on ontologies, NavCon automatically inserts conceptual links in Web pages. By using these links, the user may navigate in a graph representing ontology concepts and their relationships. By browsing this graph, it is possible to reach documents associated with the user desired ontology concept. This Web navigation supported by ontology concepts we call conceptual navigation. Conceptual navigation is a technique to browse Web sites within a context. The context filters relevant retrieved information. The context also drives user navigation through paths that meet his needs. A company may implement conceptual navigation to improve user search for information in a knowledge management environment. We suggest that the use of an ontology to conduct navigation in an Intranet may help the user to have a better understanding about the knowledge structure of the company.     

专业虚拟社区知识服务的概念及其机制研究

网络技术和知识经济的发展催生了各种专业虚拟社区的诞生。专业虚拟社区本身作为组织信息系统应用的平台,其主要特色就是为用户提供信息与知识服务。在已有相关研究的基础上,本文首先具体分析了专业虚拟社区中的知识服务的概念特征,然后对基于专业虚拟社区的知识服务实现的机制进行了研究。     

An analysis of Web searching by European AlltheWeb.com users

The Web has become a worldwide source of information and a mainstream business tool. It is changing the way people conduct the daily business of their lives. As these changes are occurring, we need to understand what Web searching trends are emerging within the various global regions. What are the regional differences and trends in Web searching, if any? What is the effectiveness of Web search engines as providers of information? As part of a body of research studying these questions, we have analyzed two data sets collected from queries by mainly European users submitted to AlltheWeb.com on 6 February 2001 and 28 May 2002. AlltheWeb.com is a major and highly rated European search engine. Each data set contains approximately a million queries submitted by over 200,000 users and spans a 24-h period. This longitudinal benchmark study shows that European Web searching is evolving in certain directions. There was some decline in query length, with extremely simple queries. European search topics are broadening, with a notable percentage decline in sexual and pornographic searching. The majority of Web searchers view fewer than five Web documents, spending only seconds on a Web document. Approximately 50% of the Web documents viewed by these European users were topically relevant. We discuss the implications for Web information systems and information content providers.     

Online community information seeking: The queries of three communities in Southwestern Ontario

This paper presents not only mycommunityinfo.ca (MCI) as an innovative World Wide Web (WWW)-based community information (CI) site, but also how its unique approach to facilitating online CI searching on the Web reveals through empirical data how people use such information and communication technologies (ICTs) to address their everyday information needs. The geographic focus for this study is on three communities in Southwestern Ontario. MCI collects unobtrusively query data that are logged daily from its own Web site, the Web sites of three municipal governments, and one municipal agency from this region. One year’s worth of these data was supplied to determine the types of CI that are sought through Web searching. A content analysis of a large purposive sample of all of MCI’s query data reveals more specific and diverse conceptual CI needs between and within communities than those reported in other studies employing different data collection methods. As a result, using a centralized approach to online CI access via the WWW by other CI providers such as the 211 network may be a disservice to its users. Additionally, the findings demonstrate how a thorough analysis of such data may improve the informational content and overall design of municipal government Web sites. The analysis of these data also has the potential of improving current CI taxonomies.     

Does the Great Firewall Really Isolate the Chinese? Integrating Access Blockage With Cultural Factors to Explain Web User Behavior

The dominant understanding of Internet censorship posits that blocking access to foreign-based websites creates isolated communities of Internet users. We question this discourse for its assumption that if given access people would use all websites. We develop a conceptual framework that integrates access blockage with social structures to explain Web users’ choices, and argue that users visit websites they find culturally proximate and that access blockage matters only when such sites are blocked. We examine the case of China, where online blockage is notoriously comprehensive, and compare Chinese Web usage patterns with those elsewhere. Analyzing audience traffic among the 1000 most visited websites, we find that websites cluster according to language and geography. Chinese websites constitute one cluster, which resembles other such geolinguistic clusters in terms of both its composition and its degree of isolation. Our sociological investigation reveals a greater role of cultural proximity than access blockage in explaining online behaviors.     

A user-centered approach to evaluating human interaction with Web search engines: an exploratory study

A growing body of studies is developing approaches to evaluating human interaction with Web search engines, including the usability and effectiveness of Web search tools. This study explores a user-centered approach to the evaluation of the Web search engine Inquirus – a Web meta-search tool developed by researchers from the NEC Research Institute. The goal of the study reported in this paper was to develop a user-centered approach to the evaluation including: (1) effectiveness: based on the impact of users' interactions on their information problem and information seeking stage, and (2) usability: including screen layout and system capabilities for users. Twenty-two volunteers searched Inquirus on their own personal information topics. Data analyzed included: (1) user pre- and post-search questionnaires and (2) Inquirus search transaction logs. Key findings include: (1) Inquirus was rated highly by users on various usability measures, (2) all users experienced some level of shift/change in their information problem, information seeking, and personal knowledge due to their Inquirus interaction, (3) different users experienced different levels of change/shift, and (4) the search measure precision did not correlate with other user-based measures. Some users experienced major changes/shifts in various user-based variables, such as information problem or information seeking stage with a search of low precision and vice versa. Implications for the development of user-centered approaches to the evaluation of Web and information retrieval (IR) systems and further research are discussed.     

Finding information on the World Wide Web: the retrieval effectiveness of search engines

Search engines are essential for finding information on the World Wide Web. We conducted a study to see how effective eight search engines are. Expert searchers sought information on the Web for users who had legitimate needs for information, and these users assessed the relevance of the information retrieved. We calculated traditional information retrieval measures of recall and precision at varying numbers of retrieved documents and used these as the bases for statistical comparisons of retrieval effectiveness among the eight search engines. We also calculated the likelihood that a document retrieved by one search engine was retrieved by other search engines as well.     

User-centred versus system-centred evaluation of a personalization system

Some of the most popular measures to evaluate information filtering systems are usually independent of the users because they are based in relevance judgments obtained from experts. On the other hand, the user-centred evaluation allows showing the different impressions that the users have perceived about the system running. This work is focused on discussing the problem of user-centred versus system-centred evaluation of a Web content personalization system where the personalization is based on a user model that stores long term (section, categories and keywords) and short term interests (adapted from user provided feedback). The user-centred evaluation is based on questionnaires filled in by the users before and after using the system and the system-centred evaluation is based on the comparison between ranking of documents, obtained from the application of a multi-tier selection process, and binary relevance judgments collected previously from real users. The user-centred and system-centred evaluations performed with 106 users during 14 working days have provided valuable data concerning the behaviour of the users with respect to issues such as document relevance or the relative importance attributed to different ways of personalization. The results obtained shows general satisfaction on both the personalization processes (selection, adaptation and presentation) and the system as a whole.     

Syntactic complexity of Web search queries through the lenses of language models,networks and users

Across the world, millions of users interact with search engines every day to satisfy their information needs. As the Web grows bigger over time, such information needs, manifested through user search queries, also become more complex. However, there has been no systematic study that quantifies the structural complexity of Web search queries. In this research, we make an attempt towards understanding and characterizing the syntactic complexity of search queries using a multi-pronged approach. We use traditional statistical language modeling techniques to quantify and compare the perplexity of queries with natural language (NL). We then use complex network analysis for a comparative analysis of the topological properties of queries issued by real Web users and those generated by statistical models. Finally, we conduct experiments to study whether search engine users are able to identify real queries, when presented along with model-generated ones. The three complementary studies show that the syntactic structure of Web queries is more complex than what n-grams can capture, but simpler than NL. Queries, thus, seem to represent an intermediate stage between syntactic and non-syntactic communication.     

认清危机抓住机遇——Web2.0冲击下的图书馆信息服务

指出目前商业机构网站运用Web2.0技术开展的服务对图书馆信息服务的冲击,分析我国图书馆界对Web2.0的论文研究、图书馆的应用情况、理论探讨平台,在此基础上,提出了我国图书馆信息服务在Web2.0技术下的创新服务内容和要更新服务观念和技术观念,依托Web2.0的理念和技术更好地为用户服务.     

Web2.0环境下信息服务的定位与重构

在探讨Web2.0服务理念对信息服务影响的基础上,指出Web2.0带来大变革：长尾理论、众包模式和云计算,强调以用户为中心和强化用户积极参与;提出Web2.0环境下的信息服务在功能上需重新定位：社会化和个性化服务;因此Web2.0环境下信息服务需从三个方面进行重构：信息资源建设、服务系统和服务业务组织。

Abstract：

Based on the discussion on the impact of Web2. 0 service concept on information service,this article points out the great changes brought about by Web2. 0： the long tail theory,the user-centred mode and cloud computer,emphasizing the centric position of users and strengthening their active participation. The article points out that the function of information service in the Web2. 0 environment should be re-orientated to social and personalized service. Therefore,the information service in the Web2. 0 environment should be reconstructed from 3 aspects： information resources construction,service system organization and service business organization.     

基于本体的Web数据集成研究及实现方法

为了更有效地利用Web信息,针对Web数据集成过程中出现的“信息孤岛”,利用元数据和本体特点,提出构建元数据登记库MDR和本体管理系统OMS的方法,实现基于本体表示语言RDF特性的Web数据集成模型,达到异构数据间共享访问目的,为解决Web数据互操作提供有效途径。     

基于概念格的Web学术信息搜索结果的二次检索

针对Web学术信息搜索结果的无序性和纷杂性,提出一种遍历搜索结果概念格检索算法,将检索用户第一次检出的学术信息组织和聚类并形成Hasse图,以此为基础,进行二次检索,在搜索结果数目过于庞大的情况下,帮助用户缩小查找范围,更准确地检索出所需内容。     

基于滑动窗口的浏览模式挖掘算法

Web日志中包含了大量的用户浏览信息,如何有效地从中挖掘出用户浏览模式就尤为重要了。本文在分析现有用户浏览模式挖掘算法存在问题的基础上,根据Web日志的特点,对关联规则挖掘算法进行改进,提出了基于滑动窗口的浏览模式挖掘算法TBPM。并在此算法基础上设计了增量更新算法,对实际数据的实验结果验证了本算法的有效性。     

Image searching on the Excite Web search engine

A growing body of research is beginning to explore the information-seeking behavior of Web users. The vast majority of these studies have concentrated on the area of textual information retrieval (IR). Little research has examined how people search for non-textual information on the Internet, and few large-scale studies has investigated visual information-seeking behavior with general-purpose Web search engines. This study examined visual information needs as expressed in users’ Web image queries. The data set examined consisted of 1,025,908 sequential queries from 211,058 users of Excite, a major Internet search service. Twenty-eight terms were used to identify queries for both still and moving images, resulting in a subset of 33,149 image queries by 9855 users. We provide data on: (1) image queries – the number of queries and the number of search terms per user, (2) image search sessions – the number of queries per user, modifications made to subsequent queries in a session, and (3) image terms – their rank/frequency distribution and the most highly used search terms. On average, there were 3.36 image queries per user containing an average of 3.74 terms per query. Image queries contained a large number of unique terms. The most frequently occurring image related terms appeared less than 10% of the time, with most terms occurring only once. We contrast this to earlier work by P.G.B. Enser, Journal of Documentation 51 (2) (1995) 126–170, who examined written queries for pictorial information in a non-digital environment. Implications for the development of models for visual information retrieval, and for the design of Web search engines are discussed.     

通过Ｐowerize.com免费获取工商金融情报

Powerize. com is well known for providing free business and financial information on the Web. The unique information integrated service of Powerize. com, its approaches to free information and fee-based information as well as its searching modes are discussed. The author suggests that information experts pay more attention to recommending such kinds of services to Intemet users in China in order to let more and more Intemet users obtain free information via such kinds of services.     

Using Web structure and summarisation techniques for Web content mining

The dynamic nature and size of the Internet can result in difficulty finding relevant information. Most users typically express their information need via short queries to search engines and they often have to physically sift through the search results based on relevance ranking set by the search engines, making the process of relevance judgement time-consuming. In this paper, we describe a novel representation technique which makes use of the Web structure together with summarisation techniques to better represent knowledge in actual Web Documents. We named the proposed technique as Semantic Virtual Document (SVD). We will discuss how the proposed SVD can be used together with a suitable clustering algorithm to achieve an automatic content-based categorization of similar Web Documents. The auto-categorization facility as well as a “Tree-like” Graphical User Interface (GUI) for post-retrieval document browsing enhances the relevance judgement process for Internet users. Furthermore, we will introduce how our cluster-biased automatic query expansion technique can be used to overcome the ambiguity of short queries typically given by users. We will outline our experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed SVD for representation and present a prototype called iSEARCH (Intelligent SEarch And Review of Cluster Hierarchy) for Web content mining. Our results confirm, quantify and extend previous research using Web structure and summarisation techniques, introducing novel techniques for knowledge representation to enhance Web content mining.     

竞争情报研究中的网络计量分析

网络计量分析利用网站流量数据进行资料使用和网络用户行为的研究,是进行市场营销研究的重要手段,也是情报研究人员的信息分析利器。     

基于上下文的Web即时信息检索

用户当前正在浏览的网页内容有助于说明用户的即时信息需求.在现有相关研究的基础上提出了一种基于上下文的Web即时信息检索方法,该方法允许用户从正在浏览的网页中选择一段文本作为原始检索条件,由检索系统从其上下文中提取一级扩展词和二级扩展词来形成新的检索条件进行检索,并将检索结果按相似度从大到小的顺序呈现给用户.     

Web2.0中基于自然语言的交互式群决策方法研究

本文就社区用户表达交流信息的偏好特征,提出了一种适用于Web2.0社区的群决策方法.社区用户通过该方法可以方便地发表自己的评价、修正信息,从而提高社区用户群体进行决策评价的一致化水平.