Pressing Demand for S&T from China’s Socioeconomic Transformation

<正>1.Energyresource challenges and urgent demands China’s shortage of energy and resources is becoming increasingly evident.For instance,proved reserves of petroleum and major mineral resources are grossly insufficient.There is an acute lack of understanding,collection,storage,research and development of bioresources,and more than 90%of the seed supply of major crops and horticulture come from foreign firms.In terms of water resources,China is facing worsening shortage,pollution,ecological deterioration and disasters with a possibility of severe water crises.Socioeconomic development and national security make pressing demands on research into energy and resources,including development of technologies for clean,efficient and safe exploitation of coal and their comprehensive use,and for clean and efficient use of     

Some Considerations on Developmental Strategies in the Fields of Resources and the Environment

The science and technology (S&T) of resources and the environment are the indispensable groundwork for realizinga country’ssustainable socio-economicdevelopment and one of vital components in contemporaryscience and technology. Their research features includeimmensity in their research scope and involvement, com-plexity in the problems and issues they have to deal with,interdisciplinary cross-breeding and openness of researchsystems. China faces a lot of challenges and problematic…     

Striving toward a More ＂Precise＂ Chemistry

On multiple temporal and spatial scales, chemistry explores the composition, structure and form of matter, its physical properties and biological activity as well as the chemical changes and synthesis reactions, striving to describe the colorful world of matter and reveal the molecular secrets of matter transformations and life processes using its theories and its unique language.As a fundamental and creative discipline of science, chemistry not only helps us to understand the nature of substances and make high-performing materials to serve economic development, but is distinctively characterized by the ability to invent novel and marvelous matters.     

Greetings from the President of the People''''s Republic of China

For centuries, the continuous development of science and technology has greatly promoted the process of mankind's understanding and utilization of nature, and at the same time strongly enhanced exchanges and cooperation between various nationalities and different civilizations. In the modern era, science and technology are developing vigorously and changing with each passing day. Strengthening international scientific cooperation is invaluable in helping     

Microbial Community and Urban Water Quality

Urbanization of China is substantial and growing, and water resources are crucial for both economic and social sustainable development. Unfortunately, the frequency and intensity of water contamination events are increasing at an unprecedented rate and often accompanied by increased pollutant loading due to human activities such as irreversible industrialization and urbanization. The impacts of human pollution are most evident and of greatest concern at the microbial level. The research of the Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been focusing mainly on aquatic microorganisms in the urban environment, from drinking water and landscape water to waste water. Its projects fall into three categories: biomonitoring and bioassessment, microbial ecology and diversity, ecotoxicology and environmental microbiology. Its scientif ic topics include the aquatic ecological safety and microbial food web.     

Research on Novel Light-Element Nanostructures

Light-element nanomaterials are of current interest and significance in condensed matter physics,materials science and engineering because of their unique structural features and outstanding physical and chemical properties. The novel properties of carbon nanostructures, including nanotubes, nanofibers and films, can be manipulated by chemical doping and size effects, which provides opportunities for their nanoelectronic, optoelectronic and other important applications.     

New Challenges and Opportunities for Flood Control in the Huai River: Addressing a Changing River-Lake Relationship

This paper addresses the change of the river-lake relationship in the Huai River and its causes due to environmental change and human activities. A preliminary analysis is made from three aspects: (1) the natural geographical change particularly captured by the Yellow River, (2) water conservancy project construction, and (3) socioeconomic development in the Huai River Basin. Key problems of changes in this river-lake relationship and the Huai River flood control are tackled, involving flood control and disaster alleviation ability of the Basin, engineering and non-engineering measurements applied to flood control and disaster mitigation, and water governance for adaptive management. Research shows that the Huai River is a rather complex one due to its complex geography with a hybrid wet and dry climate zoon, and higher population density. With the alternation of the river-lake relationship and socioeconomic development in the region, new problems keep arising, imposing new requirements on its sustainable water management. Thus, understanding the Huai River is a long and gradually improving process. Its future planning should keep absorbing new achievements of science and technology development, employing new technologies and methods, and gradually deepening our understanding of its fundamental principles. Water governance and adaptive water management will be new challenges and opportunities for the Basin in its river system change and flood control.     

Ongoing Research Projects at IVPP （A Selection）

Based on previous studies and findings, this project aims to conduct a systematic and comprehensive study of the Jehol Biota, in order to achieve a better understanding of the biodiversity of this biota and its evolutionary and geological implications, to complete and detail the geochronological framework of its evolution, and to further investigate the evolutionary processes of Mesozoic vertebrates and their relationships to the paleoenvironmental background.     

CAS-Nordic S & T collaboration

Recent years have witnessed the steady and smooth progress in S & T collaboration between CAS and its Nordic partners in the fields of information technology, nano-science and technology, resources and the environment, life sciences and mega-sciences.     

Dual hydration of oceanic lithosphere

<正>Water is crucial to processes of both Earth’s surface and interior, facilitating plate tectonics and making the Earth a habitable planet [1]. Seawater penetrates into oceanic lithosphere through fractures on seafloor and migrates along faults and pores. The hydration process weakens the crustal strength and alters mantle properties. Specifically, it influences seismicity by changing the pressure and friction of rocks, and triggers magma generation by lowering the mantle solidus and mant...     

基于Web的数据仓库与数据挖掘技术

The paper discusses the Web-based data warehousing and data mining technologies, analyzes the similarities and differences between the traditional data warehousing and data mining and the Web-based data warehousing and data mining. The architecture of the Web-based data warehousing is presented. The problems that should be solved are pointed out and some solutions are given.     

美国记忆：特点、技术方案要点及质量标准（上）

The general features of American Memory such as data scale and increasing speed, content and standard, core users and organization and coordination are described. The major technical characteristics grouping into cataloging and metadata scheme, finding aids, SGML encoding of text, indexing and retrieving engine and system structure are delineated. Finally, the paper gives a brief presentation on the quality review solution of American Memory.     

Green Intelligent Manufacturing Technology to Trigger Overall Industrial Revolution

<正>1.Main scientific connotation and significance As the material basis and industrial backbone of national economy,manufacturing is the engine powering the high-speed economic growth and an important guarantee for national security.It is also the basic carrier of science and technology and an important indicator of national economy and overall national strength.Manufacturing plays an important role in national economy and has always been an important strategic component of national economy for both developing and developed countries.The advanced manufacturing technology that is mainly     

我国中小企业信息化制约因素及政策建议

Compared with the large-sized enterprises, the small and medium-sized enterprises have the characteristics of small scale, low management level, fragile fund basis and low capacity to resist business risk and external impact. Starting with the problems faced by the small and medium-sized enterprises in modern competition and informatization process, this paper explores the concrete policies and measures the small and medium-sized enterprises should adopt in the informatization construction.     

Less-expensive & Environment-friendly Fuel Cells

The research and develop ment of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, including primary and secondary batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), are of significance for easing the energy crisis and raising living standards.     

分支系统学和种系发生种

 A brief review is given on problems of species conceps in cladistics and evolutionary sys- tematics, and some advances in the study on species problem are introduced. Particularly Nixon and Wheeler's phylogenetic species concept and two procedures of delimitating phylogenetic species— Davis and Nixon's population aggregation analysis and Brower's cladistic haplotype aggregation arereviewed in detail.     

Relationship between Water and Vegetation in the Ejina Delta

Water is the foundation of an arid ecological system, as the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater determine its structure and function. The study on the relationship between water and ecosystem is the basis of ecosystem protection. Taking the Ejina delta, an extremely arid area located downstream of the Heihe River in northwestern China, as an example, this article gives an overviewe of the study in three aspects: (1) the groundwater table and salinity dynamics and their driving factors, (2) the groundwater depth and salt threshold of natural vegetation ecosystem, and (3) the impact evaluation of ecological flow control on Ejina natural vegetation. The authors point out the importance of the research into the relation between water and ecosystem and its key difficulties and weakness, and put forward strategies for promoting the study processes.     

Hidden Change beneath Arctic Waters Tele-connected with the Himalayas——A Nordic View of the “Pan-Third Pole”

正Global Change is affecting both the marine Arctic and Antarctic as well as the Himalayas and the broader Tibetan area–also known as "The Pan-Third Pole" due to its altitude and extreme environment–explains Prof. Nils Chr. Stenseth, former President of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (DNVA) and a current Faculty Professor and Research Professor of Ecology and Evolution of the University of Oslo. A high-     

Catalysis:facing the future——an interview with Gerhard Ertl and Avelino Corma

<正>Most of the chemical reactions used to produce the molecules and materials that our societies need——for example,in the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries,the synthesis of plastics and other materials,and the production of foods and drinks——make use of catalysts.hese speed up the rate at which atoms and molecules rearrange themselves into new forms,and provide a degree of control over the shape     

Challenges and opportunities in remote sensing-based crop monitoring: a reviewOA

Building a more resilient food system for sustainable development and reducing uncertainty in global food markets both require concurrent and near-real-time and reliable crop information for decision making.Satellite-driven crop monitoring has become a main method to derive crop information at local, regional,and global scales by revealing the spatial and temporal dimensions of crop growth status and production.However, there is a lack of quantitative, objective, and robust methods to ensure the...