CUBA 运动员成就动机水平的调查与分析

以120名CUBA运动员为研究对象，以成就动机测量表AMS为工具，分析了CUBA运动员的成就动机水平。研究结果表明：（1）CUBA运动员追求成功的动机均高于避免失败的动机；（2）CUBA男运动员成就动机水平显著高于CUBA女运动员；（3）CUBA低年级运动员成就动机水平显著高于CUBA高年级运动员。     

普通高校高水平运动员培养的影响因子分析

采用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等对高校高水运动员培养的影响因子进行分析，发现影响高校高水平运动员培养因子为：（1）生源因子；（2）教练员业务能力因子；（3）条件因子；（4）支持因子；（5）信息因子；（6）个体因子。并据此提出提高运动员培养绩效的对策与建议。     

影响CUBA模式建设的因素及对策研究

分析CUBA产生与发展的背景，认为，影响CUBA模式建设的主要因素有体制、经济基础、技术水平、观念意识等。要促进CUBA的发展，应吸收企业赞助，宣传大学生篮球运动价值；改革竞赛体制；加强后备力量建设；提高大学生篮球队水平，健全大学生篮球联赛制度；发展大学生篮球产业，实现比赛商业化；完善大学生篮球体制和内部运行机制。     

关于“高校试办高水平运动队政策”的解析

从以下方面对我国“高校办高水平运动队政策”进行了讨论：(1)高校办高水平运动队是否培养出了优秀运动员；(2)生源情况；(3)与体育部门协同配合情况；(4)与竞赛市场是否平衡。通过调查与分析发现，高校办高水平运动队未能培养出优秀运动员；其生源受到我国运动训练体制和教育体制等因素的制约；高校办高水平运动队体制与长期以来我国实行的条块式体育管理模式不相融合；高校办高水平运动队由于其政府行为而导致各高校竞赛水平发展不平衡，从而影响了各高校参与竞赛的积极性，使高校竞赛市场失去平衡。     

CUBA为职业篮球联赛输送人才的可行性分析

中国大学生篮球联赛(CUBA)已经逐渐成熟，高校作为职业篮球运动后备力量培养基地的条件已经基本具备。要加强体育局、篮管中心、大学生体协、教育部门之间的联系，加快现有体制的改革，使CUBA成为中国职业篮球运动员的摇篮，为职业篮球联赛输送人才，从而能更好的为中国职业篮球的发展服务。     

对游泳训练体制及后备人才培养现状的调查与分析

采用文献资料和问卷调查等研究方法，对游泳训练体制及后备人才培养现状进行调查与分析。结果发现，目前我国的游泳训练体制造成运动员的流失及浪费很大，主要原因是：一线和二线运动队的容量太小；运动员进入专业训练的年龄偏小，难以承受大负荷的运动训练：一线运动员对自己的前途担忧。     

CUBA篮球后备人才培养及其可持续发展

运用可持续发展理论，从CUBA参赛运动员竞技能力培养、科学文化素质培养、健康人格塑造三个维度，对影响CUBA篮球后备人才培养可持续发展的因素进行分析，为提高高校篮球水平和篮球后备人才的培养提供理论参考依据。     

剖析CUBA联赛的几点不足

本文就中国大学生篮球联赛CUBA开始举办至今已6届，为什么联赛水平一直得不到实质性的提高，培养不出优秀运动员进入CBA联赛，成为CBA联赛的人才基地，尽快实现学历教育和运动训练相结合的培养体系进行了大量的调查、论证。其原因是多方面的，而CUBA因规程制定不合理而造成生源质量不理想是直接影响CUBA联赛水平提高的主要原因，巧媳妇难做无米之炊，自然很难培养出优秀运动员进入CBA联赛，低水平的联赛同样很难吸引优秀运动员加盟，本文就此问题提出自己的看法。     

中国大学生篮球联赛的地位和作用

中国大学生篮球联赛(CUBA)应当定位于新时期培养我国篮球后备人才,但是目前并不具有这样的作用和地位,其原因主要有:受CUBA的宗旨、规划、运动水平、运动员年龄段的制约;受运动员参赛观念的影响;学校体育经费的限制等。建议:进一步明确中国大学生篮球联赛的作用和地位,制定合理的规划,建立一条龙培养体系。     

试论我国竞走运动现状及发展趋势

通过观察法、调查访问法和献资料法对我国竞走运动现状和发展趋势进行了分析讨论。得出：我国竞走运动现状表现在：实力属于世界第一集团，主要体现在女子项目，但没有绝对的优势；运动员的技术有待于进一步完善；存在着运动员新老更替问题和群众基础薄弱等问题。发展趋势为：竞走运动得到政府重视和人民喜爱，训练体制和竞走技术进一步完善，教练员和运动员培养力度进一步加大，运动成绩进一步提高。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。