When does the Forename End and the Surname Begin? Saints’ Names as Compound Forenames in Spanish

Abstract

While cataloging colonial-era Spanish-language materials, the investigator encountered personal names in which the forename, given in honor of a saint, includes a phrase-like qualifier such as a place name or attribute. In these situations, catalogers occasionally mistake the qualifier as part of the surname. Cataloging rules provide guidance in establishing compound surnames but not so much with forenames. For this article, 28 such forenames were searched in the Library of Congress Name Authority File to identify problematic authorized access points. Familiarity with naming customs in Spanish-speaking societies and with saints’ names is needed when creating or revising these access points.     

Time as a context of information seeking

The ways in which the temporal context of information seeking has been approached in the information-seeking literature are explored. Three major approaches were identified: (i) time as a fundamental attribute of situation or context of information seeking, (ii) time as qualifier of access to information, and (iii) time as an indicator of the information-seeking process. Temporal factors qualify situations and contexts of information seeking by expresssions such as dynamic, reiterative, and project. These factors can also be referred to as qualifiers of accessibility in the sense of constraints within which information may be accessed particularly in hurry situations. Temporal factors also qualify information seeking as a process from the viewpoint of stages or cycles. Recently, cyclic and non-linear models challenge the stage models of information seeking by emphasizing the contingency of information-seeking processes.     

An objective study of emphasis in oral reading of emotional and unemotional material∗

One shortcoming of previous research using panel data for media and political studies has been the practice of treating the data as if they were collected from different sets of individuals at different times rather than as if they were collected at different times from the same individuals. The present study attempted to apply newer methods of analysis to panel data. Both R factor and Q factor analyses were applied to the data. The person‐types thus determined were found to be meaningfully interpretable and useful in explaining the election results. It was found that the image types were nearly as useful as associative indexes with actual voting behavior as was political affiliation.     

A palmar sweat investigation of the effect of audience variation upon stage fright

The Industrial ("Coxey") Army movement of 1894 was the product of one of America's worst depressions. Groups across the nation attempted to take “A petition with boots on” to Washington, D. C. asking for relief of unemployment. The movement was rhetorical in method and object. As it progressed, it attempted to meet opposition arguments that its members were “tramps” and that it was asking for the impossible: guaranteed employment. Branded as radical, it answered its opponents with diverse rhetorical techniques and arguments rooted in the prevalent value system.     

THE POLYCHROME DECORATION OF GREEK TERRACOTTAS

Abstract

This paper describes the composition of the pigments used for the decoration of Greek terracotta figurines, in the light of previous scientific analyses, and of supplementary analyses recently made by the Research Laboratory of the British Museum.     

An experimental study of the vibration of the bones of the head and chest during sustained vowel sounds∗

This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that an individual's preference for and valuation of relatively unavailable communicative messages compared to more readily available messages is a function of and will become more pronounced as his personal sense of “self‐uniqueness” is decreased. Greater preferences for and more favorable valuations of unavailable messages relative to available messages were also expected, independent of subjects’ anticipated familiarity or unfamiliarity with arguments contained in the messages. Experimental subjects received fictitious test results describing them as extremely high, high, or low in personal uniqueness compared with their peers. They then received information about four different messages; the messages being described as either available or unavailable to them and to others, and as containing either familiar or unfamiliar arguments. Subjects indicated their preferences for and valuations of each of the four different messages. The hypothesized effects were obtained.     

Heuristic structures of Dispositio in oral and written rhetorical composition: An addendum to Ochs’ analysis of the Verrine Orations

Building on Ochs’ analysis of “rhetorical detailing” in Cicero's Verrine orations, this essay reveals that the disposition of arguments in the In Verrem shifted markedly from compositions which were structured for oral argument to those which were intended for public reading.     

The Best of Both Worlds: The Large Lecture,Writing-Intensive Course

Courses: Any Large Lecture, Communication Course

Objective: Students will write cogent and cohesive arguments about communication     

Understanding the scope of a field: Using awards to enhance graduate student socialization and network building

Graduate courses are designed to help students learn discipline-specific knowledge, theories, and methods, but also to socialize them into the larger professional network. The awards assignment in this paper is designed to familiarize students with a wide variety of scholars and research within a field of study, to engage them creatively with synthesizing and assessing a field of study, to build strong arguments, and to enhance their socialization and networking opportunities.

Course: Any graduate-level survey course focused on a particular area of communication studies (e.g. instructional communication, health communication, family communication).

Objectives:

• (1)?Understand the historical, philosophical, and foundational roots of a field of study, including people, concepts, theories, and research studies.

• (2)?Critically evaluate scholars, constructs, theories, and research.

• (3)?Develop sound and supported arguments regarding critical evaluations and decisions.

• (4)?Socialize students into a field of study.

• (5)?Begin building students’ scholarly networking opportunities.

     

Antecedents of Incidental News Exposure: The Role of Media Preference,Use and Trust

ABSTRACT

The online environment has radically changed the way in which users consume, discover and manipulate news. The growing relevance of social media platforms and digital intermediaries for news sharing and consumption increase the likelihood of citizens to be exposed to online news even when they are not seeking it. This digital transformation fundamentally challenges the way online news use and exposure have been conceptualized and measured, affecting also to citizens’ knowledge about public affairs and politics. This article examines the factors that predict the probability to be an “incidentally exposed news user” online. Specifically, based on a representative US sample from the Pew Research Centre, this study analyses the role of media preference, use and trust. Findings indicate that beyond users’ demographics and loyalty, readers’ news preferences, uses and trust, specially of social media platforms, affect their probability to be incidentally exposed to news online. These results have important empirical and theoretical implications for understanding the connection between readers’ news consumption patterns and online exposure, intentional or incidental.     

Reflective thinking ability and the product of problem‐solving discussion

This paper presents a model of the processes involved in listener response to deductive arguments. The model stresses the function of situation and message stimuli as activating habit‐families of perceptual rules and evaluative strategies. A typology of responses to fallacious deductive arguments is included. The occurrence of these response types is used as a dependent measure in three studies of hypotheses derived from the model. It is suggested that the validity of an argument as well as the form of an argument is determined by the listener. External stimuli influence the perceptual rules and evaluative strategies activated within the listener. Concern should thus be upon the appropriateness of evaluative procedures for communication situations.     

Secretly Recording the Police: The Confluence of Communication,Culture, and Technology in the Public Sphere

Courses: Human Communication and Culture; Communication Law; Argumentation and Debate; Intercultural Communication

Objectives: Students will understand the intricate and mutually influential relationship between communication, culture, and technology by role playing popular news stories about citizens who record public arrests. Through this structured role play, students improve their argumentation skills by learning to craft concise arguments in the face of opposition.     

The publication fate of abstracts presented at the Medical Library Association conferences

Objective:We sought to determine how many abstracts presented at the 2012 and 2014 Medical Library Association (MLA) annual conferences were later published as full-text journal articles and which features of the abstract and first author influence the likelihood of future publication. To do so, we replicated a previous study on MLA conference abstracts presented in 2002 and 2003. The secondary objective was to compare the publication rates between the prior and current study.Methods:Presentations and posters delivered at the 2012 and 2014 MLA meetings were coded to identify factors associated with publication. Postconference publication of abstracts as journal articles was determined using a literature search and survey sent to first authors. Chi-squared tests were used to assess differences in the publication rate, and logistic regression was used to assess the influence of abstract factors on publication.Results:The combined publication rate for the 2012 and 2014 meetings was 21.8% (137/628 abstracts), which is a statistically significant decrease compared to the previously reported rate for 2002 and 2003 (27.6%, 122/442 abstracts). The odds that an abstract would later be published as a journal article increased if the abstract was multi-institutional or if it was research, specifically surveys or mixed methods research.Conclusions:The lower publication rate of MLA conference abstracts may be due to an increased number of program or nonresearch abstracts that were accepted or a more competitive peer review process for journals. MLA could increase the publication rate by encouraging and enabling multi-institutional research projects among its members.     

Scholarly Journals Should Be Treated as a Public Good

SUMMARY

The thesis that scholarly journals should be treated as public goods is based on five arguments. First, scholarly journal articles have many public good characteristics, and many of their private good characteristics are created by choice. Second, our current system undersupplies students with scholarly journals. Third, the supply chain for journals from publisher to user is burdened by many deadweight losses. Fourth, online publishing might reduce those deadweight losses enough to fund a system freely available to scholars. Finally, treating scholarly journals as public goods can meet the needs of all stakeholders. Explanations of the economic concepts of public good, deadweight loss, and Pareto optima are given to support the arguments.     

A Validation of Brief Tests of Collection Strength

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the brief test methodology developed by Howard White for collection evaluation. Using White's methodology, two brief tests in Soviet history were developed and applied to five different libraries. Then, the results of the two tests were examined and compared with each other, with the results of a previous brief test in Russian/Soviet history, and with self-evaluations by a number of the tested libraries. The conclusions strongly support White's claims for the validity of brief test methodology.     

Stay woke: The Black Lives Matter movement as a practical tool to develop critical voice

Courses: This unit activity is suited for upper-level college courses on persuasion, intercultural communication, diversity, leadership, social justice, civil discourse, argumentation, debate, and political communication.

Objectives: After completing this unit, learners should be able to: improve their capacity to examine arguments; enhance their ability to self-reflect; improve their ability to engage in civil discourse; take a position on a social justice issue based on research and recursive communications; and make connections to learners and social activists who share their perspectives.     

A Durkheimian analysis of the event at Masada

Josephus’ narrative of Masada, confirmed by archeological findings, included an account of two speeches by Eleazar to the beseiged urging mass suicide rather than surrender. Application of Durkheim's etiological theory to the event suggested strongly that the speaker's arguments and appeals directed to shared social and religious beliefs produced a state of extreme anomie. This condition, combined with altruistic predispositions and pressure of group resolve, accounted in large part for the effectiveness of the speeches.     

Unify and present: Using Monroe's Motivated Sequence to teach team presentation skills

Courses: Public speaking, business and professional communication, group communication

Objectives: This activity will introduce Monroe's Motivated Sequence as a way to organize persuasive arguments; improve students’ ability to deliver presentations with consistent content, voice, and style; and improve team-based delivery skills.     

Changing resistant audience attitudes using social judgment theory’s “anchor” point perspectives

Courses: Public Speaking, Business and Professional Communication, Persuasion, or any other skill-based oral communication course.

Objectives: Students will practice the development and demonstration of persuasive arguments in this single-class social judgment theory activity to improve their ability to change resistant audience attitudes.     

How to Build and Use a Customized Serials Information Database on Your Personal Computer

Summary

Librarians now have the capability, using a personal computer, to integrate bibliographic data, collection-use data, and even data from ILL requests into a customized serials database for the purpose of conducting automated use studies and qualitative collection analysis. This workshop builds upon a previous NASIG workshop and offers further ideas and enhancements for libraries creating customized databases. A general discussion of the issues and techniques related to building a customized serials database is presented, along with costs, benefits, and future considerations.