Nuances about the Role and Impact of Affect in Inoculation

This study examined the role and impact of affect in resistance. A three-phase experiment was conducted. The results indicated that inoculation treatments conferred resistance and exerted nuanced outcomes involving cognitive and affective responses to counterarguments and affect. The investigation also compared the effectiveness of cognitive, affective-positive, and affective-negative treatments. The results revealed that affective-negative messages were superior in eliciting threat, issue involvement, and cognitive counterarguing output and in enhancing the cognitive content of associative networks.     

知识网络的结构及其知识活动分析

认为知识网络能帮助企业整合资源,获取竞争优势。对以知识链为基本单元的知识网络的内涵、结构及其知识活动进行分析,提出知识网络的构成要素包括网络节点、网络资源、网络活动和支撑环境四个部分,构建出知识网络结构示意图。在此基础上,分析知识网络中的知识活动以及知识活动的基本分析单位之间的知识流动模式。     

The Attitude Base as a Moderator of the Effectiveness of Inoculation Strategy

This investigation introduced the attitude base (cognitive or affective) as a moderator in the resistance domain and effectively partitioned the role of affect from cognition by properly delineating its function. A three-phase experiment was conducted involving 290 participants. The results confirmed the role of the original elements in the process of resistance introduced by McGuire: threat and counterarguing output. Furthermore, the results indicated that inoculation messages were most effective when their content matched the attitude base. Cognitive inoculation messages generated greater resistance to counterattitudinal attacks when presented to individuals whose attitude base was primarily cognitive, rather than affective, in nature. The reverse was also found to be true as affective inoculation messages generated greater resistance to counterattitudinal attacks when presented to individuals whose attitude base was primarily affective, rather than cognitive, in nature.     

Disruptive coefficient and 2-step disruptive coefficient: Novel measures for identifying vital nodes in complex networks

The identification and ranking of vital nodes in complex networks have been a critical issue for a long time. In this paper, we present an extension of existing disruptive metrics and introduce new ones, namely the disruptive coefficient (D) and 2-step disruptive coefficient (2-step D), as innovative tools for identifying critical nodes in complex networks. Our approach emphasizes the importance of disruptiveness in characterizing nodes within the network and detecting their criticality. Our new measures take into account both prior and posterior information of the focal nodes, by evaluating their ability to disrupt the previous network paradigm, setting them apart from traditional measures. We conduct an empirical analysis of four real-world networks to compare the rankings or identification of nodes using D and 2stepD with those obtained from four renowned benchmark measures, namely, degree, h-index, PageRank, and the CD index. Our analysis reveals significant differences between the nodes identified by D and 2stepD and those identified by the benchmark measures. We also examine the correlation coefficient and efficiency of the metrics and find that D and 2stepD have significant correlations with the CD index, but have weak correlations with the benchmark measures. Furthermore, we show that D and 2stepD outperform CD index and random ways in intentional attacks. We find power law distributions for D, 2stepD, and CD, indicating a small number of highly disruptive nodes and a large number of less disruptive nodes in the networks. Our results suggest that D and 2stepD are capable of providing valuable and distinct insights for identifying critical nodes in complex networks.     

用于科学结构分析的混合网络社团划分方法述评

[目的/意义]复杂网络的社团结构研究已逐渐成为科学家借助文献数据开展科学结构研究的有力工具，社团划分效果的不同对科学结构的解读有着举足轻重的影响。本文对混合网络社团划分方法进行梳理，以期对该领域的相关研究提供借鉴参考。[方法/过程]通过文献调研，阐明混合网络的概念与类型，从网络构建或算法革新角度对各类型混合网络的社团划分研究进行概述，也对支撑混合网络社团划分的经典算法进行简介。[结果/结论]通过系统地梳理总结不同类型混合网络的社团划分工作，为后续的网络分析研究提供研究的视角和方法，同时揭示其在科学结构研究中所面临的挑战与所具有的现实意义，展望今后可能进一步拓展的相关研究方向。     

Error and attack tolerance of small-worldness in complex networks

Complex networks may undergo random and/or systematic failures in some of their components, i.e. nodes and edges. These failures may influence various network properties. In this article, for a number of real-world as well as Watts–Strogatz model networks, we investigated the profile of the network small-worldness as random failures, i.e. errors, or systematic failures, i.e. attacks, occurred in the nodes. In errors nodes are randomly removed along with all their tipping edges, while in attacks the nodes with highest degrees are removed from the network. Interestingly, in many cases, the small-worldness of violated networks increased as more nodes underwent an attack. This indicates an important role of the hub nodes in controlling the small-worldness of Watts–Strogatz networks. The profile of changes in the small-worldness as a result of errors/attacks was independent of network size, while it was influenced by average degree and rewiring probability of Watts–Strogatz model. We also found that the pattern of the changes of the small-worldness in real-world networks is completely different than that of the Watts–Strogatz networks. Therefore, although Watts–Strogatz model is often used for constructing networks with small-world property, the resulting networks have different properties compared to real-world ones in terms of robustness in the small-worldness index against errors/attacks.     

The algebra of Fourier-dual operations: Logic with exception

In the development of an approach to the implementation of fuzzy logics on neural networks with interconnections via the scheme of Fourier holography, a model of logic with exception is proposed, which is associated with the basic Generalized Modus Ponens rule. The exception is recalled from the associative memory by an inference formed by the basic rule and it modifies the original inference. The results of numerical simulation are based on the experimental data.     

学科知识流动网络的构建与分析

学科之间知识的交流构成了一个以知识流动为相互关系,以学科为节点的学科知识流动网络.首先,利用引文分析来衡量学科之间知识流动的关系,从而构建了学科知识流动网络.然后运用复杂网络和社会网络理论分析了网络的结构性质、网络中知识流动的影响因素和知识流动的方向性.发现学科知识流动网络的度分布尾部服从幂率分布,网络不具有明显的层结构;少数节点状态的变化能够严重影响学科知识流动网络中知识流动的效率;在学科知识流动网络中知识的流动存在方向性,知识从一些基础学科和理论学科流向应用学科.     

Social network analysis: An approach and technique for the study of information exchange

Social network analysis is an approach and set of techniques used to study the exchange of resources among actors (i.e., individuals, groups, or organizations). One such resource is information. Regular patterns of information exchange reveal themselves as social networks, with actors as nodes in the network and information exchange relationships as connectors between nodes. Just as roads structure the flow of resources among cities, information exchange relationships structure the flow of information among actors. Social network analysis assesses information opportunities for individuals or groups of individuals in terms of exposure to and control of information. By gaining awareness of existing information exchange routes, information providers can act on information opportunities and make changes to information routes to improve the delivery of information services.     

Stochastic block model reveals maps of citation patterns and their evolution in time

In this study we map out the large-scale structure of citation networks of science journals and follow their evolution in time by using stochastic block models (SBMs). The SBM fitting procedures are principled methods that can be used to find hierarchical grouping of journals that show similar incoming and outgoing citations patterns. These methods work directly on the citation network without the need to construct auxiliary networks based on similarity of nodes. We fit the SBMs to the networks of journals we have constructed from the data set of around 630 million citations and find a variety of different types of groups, such as communities, bridges, sources, and sinks. In addition we use a recent generalization of SBMs to determine how much a manually curated classification of journals into subfields of science is related to the group structure of the journal network and how this relationship changes in time. The SBM method tries to find a network of blocks that is the best high-level representation of the network of journals, and we illustrate how these block networks (at various levels of resolution) can be used as maps of science.     

我国智慧政府信息协同网络结构识别与分析

智慧政府是电子政务的下一代更迭,受到各国的广泛关注。智慧政府可以通过各部门间的信息协同提升城市运行管理的效率。当前对智慧政府信息协同的研究主要集中于研究智慧政府信息协同的机制,少有对智慧政府信息协同网络结构现状进行识别与分析的研究。本文采用命名实体识别的方法基于目标数据源(智慧政府相关政策文件)中识别出的中国智慧政府信息协同网络的节点(政府部门)数据及节点关系(各个政府部门间的信息协同关系)数据,得到中国智慧政府信息协同网络结构,并对这些数据进行可视化处理。在此基础上采用社会网络分析中的度中心性方法,把各个节点按其对整个网络影响力的强弱排序;采用k-plex分析方法,识别出对整个网络具有较强影响力的节点。研究结果显示,中国智慧政府信息协同网络共包含34个节点和355组节点关系。在节点中,国务院节点对整个网络的影响力最强,中国气象局节点对整个网络的影响力最弱。在节点关系中,国家发展和改革委员会节点与国务院节点间的节点关系对整个网络具有较强的影响力,像这样具有较强影响力的节点关系共28组。本研究得到的结果可用来指导今后中国智慧政府信息协同网络优化与发展的侧重方向。     

基于网络Hub的领域核心知识涌现研究

[目的/意义]探索领域知识网络中的核心知识涌现有助于揭示知识发展的内在机理,对于掌握领域知识发展脉络以及发展模式具有重要意义。[方法/过程]以复杂网络的思想为基础,基于关键词的邻接关系构建领域知识网络。采用Hub涌现的分析方法,对领域知识网络从时间序列上进行动态跟踪与分析。从知识节点的度序列分布、熵值分析、特定节点涌现3个方面对领域知识网络的知识涌现现象进行分析。[结果/结论]研究结果表明：领域核心知识涌现过程中随机性与非随机性交互影响;领域核心知识涌现在总体上呈现由随机性主导到结构性主导的演进趋势;领域中涌现出的核心知识并非是一劳永逸一成不变的。     

用户关系网络研究综述

文章对社会网络用户关系研究相关文献进行梳理和总结,对社会网络用户关系性质、用户关系网络形成相关理论进行阐述,然后总结关系网络测度相关指标和方法,探究网络中节点影响力的测度以及网络结构特征和演化规律,最后总结研究应用领域并展望未来研究方向。     

抗争信息在互联网上的传播结构及其影响因素——基于业主论坛的经验研究

本文利用社会网络分析技术,对不同信息节点在抗争信息传播结构的位置重要性差异及其原因进行了探讨。基于广州市118家业主论坛间抗争信息传播结构的实证分析表明,不同的业主论坛在抗争信息传播方面存在着结构性的位置差异,一些业主论坛在抗争信息传播方面比另一些业主论坛更为重要。此外,影响业主论坛结构性位置差异的因素,更多地与业主论坛自身的传播学特性而不是社会学特性有关。     

Investigating relationships within and between category networks in Wikipedia

This work maps and analyses cross-citations in the areas of Biology, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine in the English version of Wikipedia, which are represented as an undirected complex network where the entries correspond to nodes and the citations among the entries are mapped as edges. We found a high value of clustering coefficient for the areas of Biology and Medicine, and a small value for Mathematics and Physics. The topological organization is also different for each network, including a modular structure for Biology and Medicine, a sparse structure for Mathematics and a dense core for Physics. The networks have degree distributions that can be approximated by a power-law with a cut-off. The assortativity of the isolated networks has also been investigated and the results indicate distinct patterns for each subject. We estimated the betweenness centrality of each node considering the full Wikipedia network, which contains the nodes of the four subjects and the edges between them. In addition, the average shortest path length between the subjects revealed a close relationship between the subjects of Biology and Physics, and also between Medicine and Physics. Our results indicate that the analysis of the full Wikipedia network cannot predict the behavior of the isolated categories since their properties can be very different from those observed in the full network.     

馆藏资源元数据的关联网络结构探析：面向FRBR解构的视角

通过对《书目记录的功能需求》（FRBR）概念模型体系结构中实体、属性及关系这3个基本要素的分析,探寻由FRBR模型抽取出的馆藏资源元数据关联网络的构成要素,并对符合FRBR的馆藏资源元数据知识节点与关联关系所构成的关联网络结构进行层次划分,形成以元数据记录属性为支撑的微观层面关联网络及以元数据记录之间或规范数据集之间关联关系作为支撑的宏观层面关联网络。而词汇集的建立、术语复用机制、数据集链接桥机制成为构建馆藏资源元数据关联网络的基本要素。馆藏资源元数据关联网络的建立对于揭示馆藏资源内部的知识结构、扩展知识检索的范围、推荐关联知识、辅助知识发现等均具有重要的价值。     

关于中国图书馆自动化与网络建设的探索

ＣＬＡＳＳＮＵＭＢＥＲＧ２５８．９４处于世纪之交的中国图书馆,目前大多已实现或正在实现其自身的自动化。然而自动化只是手段,网络化的资源共享才是自动化臻其完美的最高境界,才是真正的目的。下一步该如何走？怎样走才可能少走弯路,才符合中国的国情？探索者众,...     

The Structure of the Biblioblogosphere: An Examination of the Linking Practices of Institutional and Personal Library Blogs

The biblioblogosphere is comprised of the institutional publication of blogs of libraries and the personal, professionally-oriented publication of blogs by librarians. Since introduction of this neologism in 2004, a number of researchers have examined this particular class of bloggers and blogging. However, there is limited investigation into the structure and connectivity of blogs within the biblioblogosphere. This article reports a study of interlinkage patterns within a sample of 1,604 biblioblogs. Findings suggest the biblioblogosphere conforms to the locally dense, globally sparse structure of blog networks established by previous studies of other blog types. The majority of blogs within the sample did not link to any other sampled blog. Those that did tended to cluster according to library type, blog subject, or geographical proximity. About one-third of the interlinked blogs were located within a single, massive component (that is, a networked group of blogs), while the rest were in smaller networks of two or three nodes. Personal biblioblogs, characterized as blogs published by individuals independently of an institution, are more likely to be located within a more densely populated network than institutional blogs. These findings indicate that “personal-professional” bibliobloggers are actively shaping the structure of the library blogosphere, while institutional blogs demonstrate much less overall connectivity.     

社会网络分析方法在专利分析中的应用研究进展

从专利引用、专利合作和专利技术主题关联三个角度出发,对社会网络分析方法在专利分析中的应用研究进展进行梳理,侧重对新概念、新思路、新指标、新算法等进行分析与总结,并对其功能与应用前景进行讨论。考察的主要网络节点包括专利文献本身、发明人、专利权人、主题词、专利分类号等,连接关系包括合作、引用、共现或同现等。     

智慧政务局部近邻网络节点脆弱性研究——以深圳市政府在线为例

[目的/意义]通过掌握智慧政务网络中部门节点之间的关系，发现重要节点及数据互联规律，有助于解决跨部门信息协同这一智慧政务的核心难点问题。[方法/过程]在面向市民的政务业务流程视角下，政务材料的提供与接纳形成的信息流构成一种特殊的复杂网络——局部近邻网络。以"深圳政府在线"为实例，对深圳市政务局部近邻网络结构进行展开可视化分析，进行同配性计算与部门节点脆弱性度量，建立部门优先级和部门集群。[结果/结论]研究发现，深圳市智慧政务局部近邻网络具有同配性，相较于异配网络更加支持信息的流通，应着力关注节点脆弱性强的部门，优先与关联度高的部门进行数据库建设与共享，进而稳定政务网络，推动智慧政务协调发展。本文研究方法对于分析城市智慧政务网络结构及特征具有良好的适配性。