Exploring the applicability of the Semantic Web for discovering and navigating Australian Indigenous knowledge resources

ABSTRACT

Semantic Web ontology files can be flexibly programmed to delineate metadata relationships in machine-readable formats to create relational pathways for discovering resources both on and off the Internet. There is a global community of Semantic Web developers and users across a broad multi-disciplinary range of interests who create and share extensible open-source ontologies. In this article, the author will explore the functionality of Semantic Web techniques for representing the ontologies of relatedness through kinship that typically underpin Australian Indigenous knowledge systems, and investigate their potentials for meeting persistent demands among leading Australian Indigenous collections creators and users to be able to search and discover their hereditary knowledge resources in ways that reflect and reinforce their enduring cultural values, ways of knowing and rights-management concerns.     

The function or debate

Classical debate involves orderliness and freedom of speech. There are debates in Homer, the earliest surviving Greek author. The debates in Thucydides, Demosthenes, and the reported Roman debates in the handbook of Seneca the Elder turn upon issues of freedom of speech which are not without relevance for our time; even in a time of absolutism Roman orators kept the spark of freedom alive.     

The loudness of side‐tone∗

"Communication” is examined as a cultural term whose meaning is problematic in selected instances of American speech about interpersonal life. An ethnographic study, focusing on analysis of several cultural “texts,” reveals that in the discourse examined here, “communication” refers, to close, supportive, flexible speech, which functions as the “work” necessary to self‐definition and interpersonal bonding. “Communication,” thus defined, is shown to find its place in a “communication” ritual, the structure of which is delineated. The use of the definition formulated, and of the ideational context which surrounds it, is illustrated in an analysis of a recurring public drama, the “communication” theme shows on the Phil Donahue television program. Implications of the study are drawn for ethnography as a form of communication inquiry.     

The Literature on Academic Integrity and Graduate Students: Issues,Solutions, and the Case for a Librarian Role

SUMMARY

Graduate and professional school students face a variety of academic integrity issues and are sometimes academically dishonest. The author surveys the literature of the last decade on graduate student academic integrity, including plagiarism, cheating, falsification, and authorship conflicts, focusing on empirical studies in multiple disciplines, studies that portray issues arising in individual disciplines, and solutions suggested. The author proposes that librarians who serve, teach, and consult with graduate students should develop their instructional role in this area. By becoming aware of the chief academic integrity problems and the subject-discipline related concerns, they can better assist graduate students in the context of information literacy and collaborate with faculty on training and other solutions.     

Reading the Body on House,M.D.: Medical Surveillance as a Model of the Social

This article focuses on the representation of the body in House, M.D. and suggests its usefulness as a metaphor for the view of the social body on which the series relies. The body in House, M.D. is the central occupation of the narrative, and it is around the body that the paired oppositions certainty/doubt and body/speech occur. In House, confessional speech is a regime of false knowledge while the body is privileged as the foundation of true knowledge—the province of the expert interpreter of the body. Through an exploration of these paired oppositions in the show's representation of medical practice, the author explores the series' model of the social in which the visual mediation of bodies is privileged as social hermeneutic and the intensification of mutual surveillance is the means of authentic interaction.     

Disposition versus situation: Neurocommunlcology and the influence of trait apprehension versus situational factors on state public speaking anxiety

Research indicates that individuals with elevated levels of public speaking anxiety report significantly different mental representations of the public speaking context, when compared to individuals with lower levels of anxiety. To examine the effect of the differences in mental representations, narratives for three public speaking contexts were developed. Results indicated that disposition (i.e., trait apprehension) was a better predictor of state anxiety when giving an impromptu speech. Situational factors (i.e., importance, skills, impression), however, were better predictors of state anxiety when either giving a speech to a 5^th grade class or giving a speech to friends.     

Cognitive dissonance and communication theory∗

Rhetorical criticism (i.e., textual analysis of speeches) is severely handicapped because speech cannot be adequately represented in writing; even if it could be so represented, it is illogical and presumptuous to study critically oral communication received from an inappropriate medium (printed page) via an inappropriate sensory channel (vision). A hierarchy of research priorities—the criterion for relative worth being the degree to which methodologies extend our knowledge of rhetorical theory—is proposed by the author.     

The functions or the committees of the central states speech association

The author reviews the uses of hypnosis in the speech clinic as a diagnostic and therapeutic device in terms of the time required to induce the somnambulistic trance and the skill required to maintain it, general susceptibility to hypnosis, and prognosis of therapeutic results. He discusses several dangers in the use of hypnosis and some pseudoscientific notions generally current in our culture. He concludes that hypnosis is not a panacea for stuttering.     

Earned degrees in speech and dramatic arts conferred by higher educational institutions 1947‐48

A major problem in studies of facial expressions of simulated emotions is methodology of recording S's responses to pictures. The next step in methodology seems to be development and use of the Semantic Differential.     

Broadcasting‐film academic budgets: 1971–72

As a supplement to the standard “Niven list”; (which follows in this issue), the Journal offers here a look at the finances of many of the broadcasting‐film departments detailed by Niven. Based on budgets for the 1971–72 academic year, Bensman and Futrell provide data on four‐year colleges and universities offering broadcasting and/or film degrees. Dr. Marvin Bensman is assistant professor of speech at Memphis State University while James Futrell is a graduate assistant in the same department.     

Administrative policies and practices in university speech departments

Adlai Stevenson's speech strategy in the 1956 campaign was radically different from his 1952 approach. How Stevenson conducted his second campaign and why it failed is the subject of this article. The author wrote his dissertation on the 1952 campaign, and in 1956 traveled with Stevenson on his Ohio tour.     

News Talk: Investigating the Language of Journalism

The “topless radio”; phenomenon was briefly widespread— and controversy about such formats continues to appear. This article reviews two important FCC decisions, Sonderling (WGLD‐FM), and Pacifica (WBAI‐FM), to discern and describe FCC policy trends and attempts to define just what obscenity and indecency is and what standards for broadcasting should exist. Dr. Feldman is on the speech faculty at Denison University (Ohio), while Dr. Tickton teaches mass communication and speech at, respectively, Norfolk State College and Old Dominion University, both in Virginia.     

Bibliographical Projects in Polish-Jewish Studies Since 1989

SUMMARY

Over the last two decades, interest in the field of Polish-Jewish studies has grown, in Poland as well as in North America, Western Europe, and Israel. One aspect of this is that bibliographic projects have begun, with the goal of tracking and making generally available information about publications in this field. This article describes in particular the ongoing project that the author manages with the Israeli journal Gal-Ed: On the History of the Jews in Poland, which includes plans to make available as an online resource the information in the printed installments of the bibliography.     

Broadcasters’ attitudes toward public responsibility: An Ohio case study

Certainly one key to a licensee's response to community needs is the perception by top station executives of their station's role in the community. The following article is an adaptation of some research findings of a dissertation conducted under the supervision of Professor Walter B. Emery at Ohio State University in 1971. The author, now an assistant professor in the department of speech and dramatic art at the University of Iowa, received a research grant from the National Association of Broadcasters to help conduct the study.     

Desa Informasi: The role of digital libraries in the preservation and dissemination of indigenous knowledge

Abstract

This paper talks about Desa Informasi (Information Village), an initiative to document local information resources at Petra Christian University through the implementation of an institutional repository (IR) system. The author argues that IRs have potential and an important role in the effort to preserve and disseminate indigenous knowledge. The author also describes the relationship between institutional repositories and digital libraries, that both are interchangeable terms. The paper also describes the impacts of the project to the campus community and the society, and how projects such as Desa Informasi are important especially for developing countries.     

Passion and Preparation in the Basic Course: The Influence of Students' Ego-Involvement with Speech Topics and Preparation Time on Public-Speaking Grades

Abstract

Authors of basic public-speaking course textbooks frequently encourage students to select speech topics in which they have vested interest, care deeply about, and hold strong opinions and beliefs. This study explores students' level of ego-involvement with informative and persuasive speech topics, examines possible ego-involvement predictors of students' speech grades, and investigates the influence of preparation time and process activities on public-speaking grades. Results reveal that students' ego-involvement is positively related to their speech success; however, the explanation is more complex than those offered by basic public-speaking course textbooks. Pedagogical implications and areas for future research are discussed.     

Listener adaptation to cerebral palsied speech

Tape recordings of cerebral palsied children with speech problems were played back to 10 speech correctionists on three different occasions one week apart. On the third occasion eight out of ten of the children were judged as having a less severe speech problem even though the correctionists were listening to exactly the same recordings under identical conditions. The results indicate that some of the improvement reported by speech therapists in the speech of cerebral palsied children, following a period of therapy, might represent a change in the listener rather than a change in the child's speech.     

The Citation Cloud of a biomedical article: a free,public, web-based tool enabling citation analysis

Background:An article''s citations are useful for finding related articles that may not be readily found by keyword searches or textual similarity. Citation analysis is also important for analyzing scientific innovation and the structure of the biomedical literature. We wanted to facilitate citation analysis for the broad community by providing a user-friendly interface for accessing and analyzing citation data for biomedical articles.Case Presentation:We seeded the Citation Cloud dataset with over 465 million open access citations culled from six different sources: PubMed Central, Microsoft Academic Graph, ArnetMiner, Semantic Scholar, Open Citations, and the NIH iCite dataset. We implemented a free, public extension to PubMed that allows any user to visualize and analyze the entire citation cloud around any paper of interest A: the set of articles cited by A, those which cite A, those which are co-cited with A, and those which are bibliographically coupled to A.Conclusions:Citation Cloud greatly enables the study of citations by the scientific community, including relatively advanced analyses (co-citations and bibliographic coupling) that cannot be undertaken using other available tools. The tool can be accessed by running any PubMed query on the Anne O''Tate value-added search interface and clicking on the Citations button next to any retrieved article.