An interaction analysis of verbal innovative deviance in small groups

This analysis of verbal innovative deviance (VID) revealed that a significant proportion (27%) of group communication is deviant but not typically associated with a specific member or role. A process analysis of VID through successive phases of group decision making indicated that deviance appears to function differently in each phase, generating additional VID during Conflict and Emergence and appearing as a “norm” of group interaction during those periods. The process perspective revealed the changing function of VID in interaction patterns across time. The present study indicates that innovative deviance is susceptible to meaningful observation from the perspective of communicative behaviors.     

A social relations analysis of participation in small groups

Two approaches to explaining the relation between interaction and participator judgments in small groups are examined. The first, expectations states theory, suggests that participator judgments are consistent across raters for a given target, and that such ratings are a function of the heuristic processing of social information. The second approach, the local management model, assumes more thoughtful processing of members' behaviors, leading to uniqueness in how perceivers evaluate targets as participators. A social relations analysis of participator assessments in same- and mixed-sex groups revealed consensus in participator judgments; uniqueness also played a role in how members perceived each other as useful participators. In addition, consensus was correlated with participation, but not with sex. The discussion addresses the necessity and sufficiency of each model as well as the conditions under which each model would better fit the data.     

The function of uncertainty reduction in alleviating primary tension in small groups

Two studies manipulated levels of uncertainty and employed self report, observer‐ratings, and behavioral coding to assess primary tension in groups. Results indicate that a) participants cannot differentiate levels of primary tension in groups, b) observers can reliably detect differences in primary tension behaviors, and c) these tense group behaviors decrease as uncertainty is effectively reduced.     

科技期刊小集群多层次复合管理模式探讨

以煤炭科学研究总院组建出版传媒集团的4种直管期刊为例,对科技期刊小集群单一编辑部管理模式存在的问题进行分析,提出了以编辑部管理模式为主,以编辑组管理、项目组管理模式为辅的科技期刊小集群多层次复合管理模式.该管理模式不仅可以充分发挥科技期刊小集群的整体优势,优化资源配置,还可以提高编辑的专业素质,加强内部交流融合,提高跨部门协作能力,从而提高办刊水平和工作效率;但是,该管理模式也加大了管理难度,对管理者和编辑等都提出了更高的要求.     

An investigation into the cognitive domain of competence II: The relationship between communicative competence and interaction involvement

The purpose of this study was to continue the investigation into the cognitive domain of communicative competence (Duran & Kelly, 1984; McCroskey, 1982; Spitzberg, 1983). The relationship between interaction involvement (Cegala, 1981) and communicative adaptability (Duran, 1983), a communicative competence construct, was studied. Canonical correlation analysis produced three significant canonical roots. Root 1 was defined by social confirmation appropriate disclosure, and responsiveness. Root 2 was defined by social composure, social experience, andperceptiveness. Root 3 was defined by social experience, and attentiveness. The theoretical implications of the results as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Exploring the communicative nature of corporal punishment

Extensive research in sociology and psychology suggests that corporal punishment of children is a serious problem because it increases the risk of physical and psychological harm. In the present study we utilized a recently developed communication framework to investigate corporal punishment. We derived two hypotheses and conducted a study of 178 college students. Following established procedures, we asked respondents to report about corporal punishment during a period of their youth. Participants rated each parent and themselves on aggressive communication measures. They also rated themselves on assault tendencies, anger, self‐esteem, and intentions to use corporal punishment. Support for our two hypotheses revealed that when participants recalled receiving higher levels of corporal punishment they perceived their parents to be higher in verbal aggressiveness. Furthermore, they reported being higher in assault tendencies, anger, and intentions to use corporal punishment with their children.     

Individual and community practices for constructing communicative resilience: exploring the communicative processes of coping with parental alienation

ABSTRACT

Parental alienation occurs after parents divorce and intentionally or even unintentionally persuade their children to distance themselves from or reject the other parent. Framed by the communication theory of resilience, this study explores the communicative practices that enable and constrain the targeted alienated parents’ ability to create normalcy at the individual and online community levels. We also examine the relationships between individual-level and online community-level resilience. Findings from 40 narrative interviews reveal communicative practices/processes that enable and constrain alienated parents at both the individual and online support group levels. Findings also suggest that there is a robust relationship between resilience practices at the individual and community levels. Theoretical implications and practical applications are discussed.     

体育科技期刊传播效果调查与分析

根据科技期刊传播效果层级性理论,通过对13种体育核心期刊传播效果的调查结果,分析体育科技期刊传播效果的现状,并针对存在的问题提出相应对策,以为体育科技期刊的价值评估及其改革与发展提供参考.     

Automatic for the people: the automation of communicative labor

Artificial intelligence is rapidly giving rise to new automated technologies. Among the most important of these innovations is the development of artificially intelligent machines that produce increasingly sophisticated forms of oral and written discourse. As more of our communicative encounters are with artificial agents, our notions of communicative labor, surveillance, and digital rhetoric will have to contend with these extensive shifts. As a step in this direction, the present article evaluates several trends in the automation of oral and written discourse, examining their social and economic impact.     

Implicit theories of communicative competence: The semantics of social behavior

Observers evaluating the competence of communicators use both observed behaviors and traits inferred from these behaviors in their evaluation. In order to understand the process by which these evaluations are made, the manner in which the beliefs about trait/behavior relationships that underlie this process must be understood. Based on analysis of judgments of prototypical “communicators” of different skill levels and of actual people, trait/behavior relationships are, with one exception, similar across competence level and communicative situation.     

The web of shyness: A network analysis of communicative correlates

This investigation was designed to explore the use of network analysis in an investigation of the communicative behaviors of shy individuals. Twenty‐three subjects were categorized as high, moderate, or low‐shy, and the friendship networks of these individuals were compared.

The results suggest that the communication networks of high‐shy subjects are structurally different than the networks of less‐shy individuals. Specifically, shy individuals had smaller, more interconnected networks. The evidence also suggests that shy subjects tend to have longer average length of relationships with their network links, less frequent interaction, and less role diversity in their friendships. Although structural and behavioral differences were found between high and low‐shy subjects, shy subjects did not report being any less satisfied with their friendship networks than less‐shy individuals.

Overall, communication network analysis was found to be a tool that can provide insight into the behavioral and perceptual correlates of shyness.     

The effects of substantive and affective verbal conflict on the quality of decisions of small problem solving groups

Most group discussion textbooks emphasize that good solution, emerge from a variety of positions proposed through systematic, rational discourse, which allows for flexibility during problem‐solving which culminates in a high quality solution. This study attempts to test that assumption empirically; that is, quality decisions are produced through rational discourse. The study consists of simulated discussion of the horse‐trading problem, controlling for levels of substantive conflict, affective conflict, and sex. The results indicate (1) no differences in overall quality; (2) significant difference on flexibility between highly substantive and nonsubstantive discussions; (3) the significant difference on flexibility in substantive conditions is accounted for by male participants, not women; and (4) no difference on flexibility between affective conditions.     

Testing a cyclical model of communicative openness in relationship development: Two longitudinal studies

This paper reports the results of two longitudinal studies of openness‐closedness cycling in relationship development based upon a model by Altman, Vinsel, and Brown (1981). Study 1 consists of behavioral observations of interactions among acquainting dyads over four weeks. Study 2 consists of self‐reported measures of subjects’ openness, openness of other, communication satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction in intact relationships over ten weeks. Fourier Analyses of the time series were conducted and meta‐analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses. Both studies strongly support a cyclical model. There appear to be short cycles recurring within conversations superimposed over larger cycles across conversations. The results also suggest that people match and time the amplitude and frequency of their own cycling behavior to coincide with that of their partner. Study 2 found that the cycles of perceived openness coincide with fluctuations in communication satisfaction and that deteriorating relationships and older relationships evidence greater amplitudes in their cyclical fluctuations.     

网络不同媒体组合的传播效果检测分析

本文通过对多通道刺激反应心理学理论的回溯 ,援引美国传播学教授斯·斯亚姆·山德尔 (S .ShyamSundar)在 2 0 0 0年所做的网站多媒体组合信息传播实验结果———在目前网络软硬件技术还有待大幅度提高的情况下 ,越多的媒体参与网络传播 ,并不一定能取得好的传播效果。本文借此提出文本 图片是目前网站较为合适的信息传播形式的观点。     

从语篇交际功能看科技期刊英文摘要存在的问题——基于语料库的对比与分析

基于涵盖12个理工科学科的科技期刊英文摘要语料库,利用语料库方法对163个语言特征的频率进行因子分析,系统比较了中外科技期刊英文摘要的差异.结果显示,2类摘要在副词、第一人称代词、前置性修饰语以及被动语态的使用上存在显著的功能性差异.国内英文摘要多数不善于使用副词加强语气,有意规避第一人称代词,缺少与读者的交互,而过多的前置性修饰语和被动语态无形中增加了阅读困难,与国际学术界提倡的直接简洁的写作风格仍有偏差.我们分析了造成这些差异的可能原因,并对国内科技期刊英文摘要写作提出建议.     

Support and barriers in long-term recovery after Hurricane Sandy: improvisation as a communicative process of resilience

ABSTRACT

This study examines the long-term recovery and resilience processes of households on the New Jersey coast after Hurricane Sandy. Based on theoretical frameworks of community ecology, communication ecology, and the Communication Theory of Resilience, we analyzed focus group interviews and timeline data to examine the sources and forms of support and barrier and provide a detailed account of the ways in which individuals engaged with support and barrier sources. Results show that resilience was enacted through the process of mobilizing and improvising networks of informal and institutional ties, sometimes joining them, to access resources. Communicative processes were central to improvisation, and ineffective communication and coordination constituted a majority of barriers in accessing social support for recovery. Results also detail how processes varied temporally. This study contributes to the literature on resilience as a communicative process, with improvisation at its core, that is enacted through interacting informal, institutional, and physical systems in communities.     

日常生活的民间创造性与可沟通城市建构：基于社会场地艺术的个案研究

文化创意(creativity)和科技创新(innovation),是凝结人类创造性的两大显著领域,对于当前乃至未来人类都市社会的发展意义重大,并获得不同学科和各级政府的广泛关注,但经济和科技的飞速进步,未必带来城市的可沟通性。如何将创造性研究与可沟通城市的相关研究结合起来,探讨创造性实践对于可沟通城市建构的具体意义,构成本文的核心问题和出发点。本文主要关注的是被文化创意和科技创新的主流研究所相对遮蔽的普通民众在日常生活中的民间创造性,及其激发和参与方式,对于可沟通城市建构的价值和意义。文章主要结合两个旨在动员民间创造性的艺术实践个案,通过回顾创造性概念的演化、日常生活研究的意义、参与式艺术的发展,论证和阐述日常生活民间创造性的特点,以及普通民众通过艺术实践的参与合作,所生发出来的情感沟通、社会交往、阶层弥合和日常空间转变等多重价值。本文将这类基于日常生活民间创造性的艺术实践,归属于社会-场地艺术,强调其所具有的社会参与性和空间场地性的双重属性,并非基于文创经济和科技创新所依赖的作为工具理性和政策扶持的创造性概念,及其所关注的创意阶层和文创园区、城市中心或科技园区,而是民间创造性基于平凡的日常生活空间和普通民众参与所形成的社会-场地双重性,对于可沟通城市建构,具有重要意义。     

Sales Patterns of Hit Music in Japan

This article analyzes the sales patterns of audio recordings in the Japanese popular music market using the Bass model and its restricted model. First, the results of this investigation show that the majority of recent hit music was sold in the early stage of the sales cycle, and that the timing of purchase has shifted toward the time of release during the period from 1980 to 2005. Second, audio recordings featuring debut artists and unpopular artists sold slowly, compared with the audio recordings featuring popular artists. Third, sales of audio recordings released by independent record companies have also become concentrated in the early stage.