Modal Expressions in Refusals of Friends' Interpersonal Requests: Politeness and Effectiveness

Researchers theorize that modal expressions (e.g., can, may, could, and should) serve politeness functions in discourse, particularly in requests and refusals. This study sought to empirically determine whether requesters perceived refusals containing modal expressions as more polite than their non-modal counterparts. The results showed that refusals containing modal expressions are judged as more polite but they are mixed when examining whether refusals containing modal expressions are perceived as more effective than their non-modal counterparts. The discussion section addresses the implications of these findings for the study and creation of refusal messages.     

Politeness theory and refusals of requests: Face threat as a function of expressed obstacles

This investigation seeks to extend Wilson, Aleman, and Leatham's (1998) revision of Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory by focusing on the relationship between face threat and refusals to requests. Results support that (a) when requests are refused, threats to the negative face needs of the requester are more prevalent than threats to the negative face of the refuser and (b) depending on the obstacle underlying the refusal, there are differences in type of threat present to the requester's positive face and the refuser's face needs.     

湖南图书馆收藏的伪装本书刊

文章首先略述了伪装本的来历,然后按毛泽东著作伪装本、期刊伪装本和书籍伪装本三类,介绍湖南图书馆的这一部分珍藏。     

图书馆环境污染及其防治

图书馆内污染物按性质可分为化学性污染物、物理性污染物、生物性污染物和放射性污染物。按此分类对图书馆内主要污染物的来源、危害和防治进行了分析。     

Ombuds processes and disputant reconciliation

Effective dispute resolution systems are critical to the functioning of large universities and organizations. However, the design of dispute resolution systems is often inadequate to achieving the stated goals of the system. Analysis of the cases of 45 disputants reveals how the design of a university dispute system and the social context can prevent an ombudsperson from successfully reconciling relationships. This study shows how a dispute system that generally failed to utilize face-to-face meetings or mediation techniques between disputants in a social context of fear and limited social ties was unable to reconcile or preserve working relationships. Analysis from normative pragmatic and social contextual approaches to disputing provides a mechanism for understanding the problems encountered by this ombudsperson and provides a tool for designing more effective dispute resolution systems.     

Ombuds processes and disputant reconciliation

Effective dispute resolution systems are critical to the functioning of large universities and organizations. However, the design of dispute resolution systems is often inadequate to achieving the stated goals of the system. Analysis of the cases of 45 disputants reveals how the design of a university dispute system and the social context can prevent an ombudsperson from successfully reconciling relationships. This study shows how a dispute system that generally failed to utilize face-to-face meetings or mediation techniques between disputants in a social context of fear and limited social ties was unable to reconcile or preserve working relationships. Analysis from normative pragmatic and social contextual approaches to disputing provides a mechanism for understanding the problems encountered by this ombudsperson and provides a tool for designing more effective dispute resolution systems.     

图书馆环境污染及其防治

图书馆内污染物按性质分为化学性污染物、物理性污染物、生物性污染物和放射性污染物。本文按此分类对图书馆内主要污染物的来源、危害和防治进行分析。     

高校图书馆的图书污损现象及对策

分析了当前高校图书馆书刊污损的类型和原因,并提出了解决污损图书现象的措施和对策.     

Owning Your Emotions: Reactions to Expressions of Self- versus Other-Attributed Positive and Negative Emotions

This investigation tested the notion that speakers should own their emotions by using I-messages rather than You-messages when conveying their feelings. In Study 1, hypothetical self-attributed (I) emotion messages were compared to other-attributed (You) messages, with an I-You message added in Study 2. In both studies, the effect of both positive and negative emotion statements on perceived politeness, effectiveness, and emotional reactions were assessed. No differences were found in reactions to the message forms for negative emotions, but both studies provided evidence for differences in respondents' reaction to positive emotional expressions. These results suggest a self-serving bias; recipients do not distinguish between ways of phrasing negative emotions expressed to them, but apparently appreciate being given credit for speakers' positive emotions. Implications for therapists, communication consultants, and practitioners are discussed.     

Owning Your Emotions: Reactions to Expressions of Self- versus Other-Attributed Positive and Negative Emotions

This investigation tested the notion that speakers should own their emotions by using I-messages rather than You-messages when conveying their feelings. In Study 1, hypothetical self-attributed (I) emotion messages were compared to other-attributed (You) messages, with an I-You message added in Study 2. In both studies, the effect of both positive and negative emotion statements on perceived politeness, effectiveness, and emotional reactions were assessed. No differences were found in reactions to the message forms for negative emotions, but both studies provided evidence for differences in respondents' reaction to positive emotional expressions. These results suggest a self-serving bias; recipients do not distinguish between ways of phrasing negative emotions expressed to them, but apparently appreciate being given credit for speakers' positive emotions. Implications for therapists, communication consultants, and practitioners are discussed.     

Exploring the psychological foundations of democratic group deliberation: Personality factors,Confirming interaction,and democratic decision making

This report investigated relationships among group members’ personalities, confirming interaction, and democratic decision making. Using the Big Five personality measure and a self‐report measure of confirming interaction, it was hypothesized that confirming interaction would be reported more often in groups whose members are relatively extraverted, agreeable, conscientious, non‐neurotic, and open to experience. Of these personality factors, one had a clear association: Groups with higher mean levels of agreeableness reported higher levels of confirming interaction. In addition, perceived confirming interaction was hypothesized to be positively correlated with members’ perceptions of democratic decision making. This hypothesis was also supported.     

档案库房空气真菌污染分析

本文采用撞击法对库房空气真菌进行检测,并对结果进行分析,摸索库房空气微生物的污染特点,为库房空气微生物污染防治和库房环境治理提供科学依据。     

库房空气微生物污染检测及治理

微生物对档案各种载体的危害已经引起了人们的重视并进行了许多研究,但对库房空气中的微生物污染关注程度不足。本文从库房空气微生物污染来源、危害、检测、治理等几方面做了阐述。     

科学计量学与信息计量学的发展:中国大陆与台湾地区比较研究

选择期刊Scientometrics、Journal of Informetrics 2003-2012年期间发表的论文和国际科学计量学与信息计量学大会(ISSI大会)论文集论文为样本,对中国大陆和台湾地区科学计量学与信息计量学的发展进行比较研究。研究从4个方面展开:论文计量分析、引文计量分析、合作研究以及研究内容考察。研究结果表明,中国大陆和台湾地区已经成为国际上科学计量学与信息计量学论文产出大户,但是中国大陆地区论文年篇均引文略低于世界平均水平,AR指数低于台湾地区;两地区学者已经产出合著论文,但合作局限于少数学者和少数机构之间;两地区的研究对象和研究方法有共性又各有特色,中国大陆地区学者更重视科学计量,台湾地区学者更重视技术测度。最后提出促进两地区科学计量学与信息计量学发展需要深入讨论的几个问题。     

在继承中创新 在变革中发展——评《数字时代的图书馆信息服务》

《数字时代的图书馆信息服务》一书,具有与时俱进、体系完备和知行结合的鲜明特色。与国内不同时期出版的几种谈图书馆服务的权威著作相比,该书内容、理论和方法上有继承,也多有创新,是读者工作领域里的一部杰作,对优化信息服务工作有很高的参考价值。当然,该书也有尚需完善之处。参考文献4。     

从众心理在高校及图书馆建设和管理中的应用

文章首先对从众行为和心理进行了介绍,说明了这一普遍现象对管珂和宣传起着极为重要的作用。在此基础上,探讨了如何在大学,特别是图书馆的建设和宣传教育中,充分发挥从众心理的正面效应,避免负面效应;并从这个角度阐述了大学及图书馆文化建设的重要性和必要性。     

Recent Trends and Developments in Publishing in Croatia

Abstract

Croatia considers the book a priority cultural product. Today various forces, both positive and negative, affect publishing in Croatia. A survey of traditional publishing in Croatia based on statistical data collected by the author in the Croatian ISBN Agency over the past 8 years introduces the main topic. The author then reports on the results of a survey of 1,000 publishers, aimed at establishing which medium publishers used for their books between 1993 and the beginning of 1998, the period when book production passed from printed to digital form. The research results show that modern electronic book forms have been gradually developing in Croatia in parallel with traditional publishing. The number of publishers producing books in electronic format is not great. However, the fact that nearly a quarter of the publishers who returned the questionnaire do produce electronic books, shows that Croatian publishers accept new technologies as they appear in countries with a developed publishing industry, onlyin amuch more modest scope. The author mentions electronic books published by as many as forty publishers, and gives a survey of online-bookstores in Croatia. Special attention is paid to book legislation in the country. As a conclusion the author proposes an incentive for electronic publishing.     

在科技英文编辑中应注意中英文的差异

论述汉语与英语的语言差异以及英文中的文学语言与科技语言的差异,阐述我国大陆科技英文编辑的现状。认为应充分注意这种差异,从而地道地、专业化地做好科技英文论文的编辑加工。     

Gaps in affiliation indexing in Scopus and PubMed

Objective

The authors sought to determine whether unexpected gaps existed in Scopus''s author affiliation indexing of publications written by the University of Nebraska Medical Center or Nebraska Medicine (UNMC/NM) authors during 2014.

Methods

First, we compared Scopus affiliation identifier search results to PubMed affiliation keyword search results. Then, we searched Scopus using affiliation keywords (UNMC, etc.) and compared the results to PubMed affiliation keyword and Scopus affiliation identifier searches.

Results

We found that Scopus''s records for approximately 7% of UNMC/NM authors'' publications lacked appropriate UNMC/NM author affiliation identifiers, and many journals'' publishers were supplying incomplete author affiliation information to PubMed.

Conclusions

Institutions relying on Scopus to track their impact should determine whether Scopus''s affiliation identifiers will, in fact, identify all articles published by their authors and investigators.