试论会计职业判断

目前财务报告虚假行为和会计信息质量不高,严重影响了市场经济秩序和投资者信心。随着我国改革开放的深入和市场经济体制的建立与完善,社会各界对企业财务报告和会计信息的质量提出了更高的要求。会计信息质量的高低,在很大程度上取决于会计人员的职业判断。文章研究了影响会计职业判断的因素,分析了会计职业判断存在的问题和原因,并提出了解决对策。     

论教师职业魅力

教师职业魅力是指教师职业具有的能够吸引人的力量。研究教师职业魅力问题，是建设一支素质较高、数量充足的教师队伍的需要。本从构成教师职业魅力的要素、影响教师职业魅力的因素、增强教师职业魅力的主要措施等方面，对教师职业魅力问题进行了深入的探讨。     

对英语专业阅读课教学的一点思考

英语阅读课是英语专业基础阶段的一门重要课程,然而它也存在很多的问题。为了更好地促进英语阅读教学,教师要注意培养学生的阅读兴趣和阅读技巧,同时也不应忽略二课活动的开展。     

Self-managing groups and the professional lives of teachers: A case study

The purpose of the study was to examine how interdisciplinary teaching teams were used in a newly opened Midwestern middle school to produce a work environment different from the one found in most traditionally organized schools. Five salient features of the work environment are described: organization around interdisciplinary teams, shared leadership, focus on children, the influence of the principal, and integrated programming for children. The article includes an analysis of how interdisciplinary teaching teams at this school affected some traditionally problematic aspects of teachers' work. Interdisciplinary teams are discussed as one illustration of self-managing work groups in school organizations.An earlier version of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, April 7, 1988.     

Using video for professional development: the role of the discussion facilitator

Past research into the use of video for professional development has failed to problematise or theorise sufficiently the role of the discussion facilitator. It has been reported consistently that it can be hard or take time to establish norms for discussion of video but little has been said about reasons why, or the role of the discussion facilitator. As a starting point in this area, I suggest fives aspects or decision points in the role of the facilitator. Two aspects are taken from the literature and the others are drawn from empirical data, collected as part of an enactivist study into the use of video in one secondary school. At the school, teachers commented on finding video watching in a group more useful than lesson observation, with no evidence of this taking time to develop. I offer speculations, based on enactivist category theory, as to why the use of video in this school is effective. Having presented key aspects of the role of the facilitator of video use, a further look at the detail of the data from discussions serves to highlight some of the complexities involved in just one of the categories (and, by implication, the others). I conclude that the role of the facilitator cannot be separated from a consideration of the historical context in which discussion takes place.     

高职商务英语人才培养模式——以就业为导向、以职业能力为本位的探索与实践

高等职业教育是一种以职业能力为基础的教育。以就业为导向、以能力为本位的人才培养模式,是高等职业教育改革和发展的主要任务之一。针对高职商务英语人才培养目标,从课程体系设置和职业素质培养等方面阐述高职商务英语人才培养模式的探索与实践经验。     

ICT professional development for teachers in online forums: Analysing the role of discussion

This paper explores the role of engaging teachers in constructive dialogue within ICT professional development activity. As part of an ICT professional development program, sixteen teachers across eight geographically removed schools participated in an online threaded discussion forum for a school year. Data reported in this paper are generated from the archived posts to a threaded discussion forum and are analysed qualitatively for evidence of community and quantitatively for different forums of feedback (Mäkitalo, Häkkinen, Leinonen, & Järvelä, 2002) and levels of discussion (Jarvela & Hakkinen, 2002). The findings suggest evidence of both collegial and critical forms of discussion. Collegial discussion was found to be important in developing and maintaining community while critical discussion was vital for its role in transforming teachers' beliefs. The data also revealed a number of practical aspects of online environments that inhibit what is termed in this paper as constructive discussion.     

论大学青年教师专业发展存在的问题与对策

大学青年教师是当代中国大学发展的主力军。大学青年教师在专业发展上存在着先天发育不良、入职门槛太低、职后培育不善等问题。规范大学教师资格证书颁发制度,建立国家级大学教师教育培育基地,积极开展校本培训,建立校校合作、校企合作的教师专业发展培育模式,是促进大学青年教师专业发展的外部路径。敦促大学青年教师从事教学学术研究,经常开展教学反思活动,激发其自主专业发展的动力,是实现大学青年教师专业发展的根本途径。     

基于能力本位的高职英语听力的教学策略

本文概述了当前高职英语听力教学的重要性,并分析目前教学中存在的主要问题。依托能力本位教育,从学生,教师,课程体系和评价考核四个方面提出了优化听力教学的几点建议和策略。     

School inspection and supervision in Pakistan: Approaches and issues

This article traces how the concept of educational inspection has evolved in Pakistan, especially in the province of Sindh, and discusses whether the existing inspection system helps to improve quality and establish accountability. The inspection system that originated in colonial days has evolved to incorporate the notion of using supervision to provide a range of support to school-based efforts to improve performance. The shift, however, has been in terminology only, since it has not signalled a major shift in how the job is carried out in practice. The article argues that as a strategy for establishing accountability and improving quality in education, inspection and supervision rely on several interdependent variables. Improvements in educational quality will require a balance among three factors: the availability of relevant and adequate physical, human, and financial resources; effective and empowered leadership; and functional monitoring, evaluation, and professional support for schools.     

An instructional design case event: Exploring issues in professional practice

Cases have been recommended as an important instructional tool for developing professional knowledge across disciplines. In this paper, we begin by defining case methods, a potentially valuable instructional tool for encouraging authentic, active learning. We describe our approach to the design and use of instructional design (ID) cases, and go on to report on the design and use of a Web-based ID case in a team case competition involving six universities. Students and most officials were enthusiastic about the use of ID cases and about this event. Team collaboration and competition were noted as motivating factors for students. The findings are being used to inform ongoing research and development, which is also described.A previous version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Educational Communications & Technology (AECT), Albuquerque, NM, February 1997.The authors may be contacted at the Department of Educational Leadership, Foundations, and Policy, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2495. Phone (804) 924-7471; fax (804) 924-0747; e-mail: Kinzie@Virginia.edu.     

Peer teaching: Academic achievement of teacher-led versus student-led discussion groups

Problem-based small-group discussions are the cornerstone of health sciences education at the University of Limburg (The Netherlands). In each of three courses, fifteen discussion groups of about eight students were randomly assigned a staff-tutor (control condition) or student-tutor (experimental condition).In two of the courses no significant differences in cognitive test achievement between the two conditions were found. In one course students tutored by staff-tutors performed significantly better than students tutored by student-tutors. However, no significant differences in test performance were found between students tutored by high-achieving versus average-achieving student-tutors. These findings contradict the congruence hypothesis from information processing theory. Several other explanations are explored.     

Tackling behaviour and attendance issues in schools in Wales: implications for training and professional development

In 2009, the Welsh Assembly Government published its Report on the review of behaviour and attendance in schools in Wales. The National Behaviour and Attendance Review (NBAR) in Wales was chaired by the author of this paper. Both the Review and the Welsh Assembly Government’s response contained recommendations related to the training and professional development needs of staff in schools and local authorities (LAs). A paper on the professional development needs of staff on behaviour and attendance based on the NBAR recommendations is published in the same edition of this journal. This follow‐up paper focuses upon the Welsh Assembly Government’s response to these recommendations and its implementation plan on which the author acted as the professional adviser. The Welsh Assembly Government accepted with cross‐party support that the training and professional development needs of teachers and LA staff in behavioural management and school attendance had been neglected over many years. For the first time, coordinated new training and continuing professional development programmes on behavioural management and school attendance will be introduced in Wales soon. The next stage will be to evaluate the effectiveness of these programmes.     

基于学科能力的高考历史命题研究

运用历史学科能力表现指标体系分析近5年高考历史试题的能力考查情况,提出适应《普通高中历史课程标准(2017年版)》要求的命题建议:适当增加迁移创新层级能力的试题,加强对高层级历史学科能力的考查;准确把握基于历史学科核心素养的学业水平要求,探索有效的考查方式;创设陌生、复杂、开放的真实问题情境,对历史学科核心素养进行综合评价。