Implicit theories of communicative competence: The semantics of social behavior

Observers evaluating the competence of communicators use both observed behaviors and traits inferred from these behaviors in their evaluation. In order to understand the process by which these evaluations are made, the manner in which the beliefs about trait/behavior relationships that underlie this process must be understood. Based on analysis of judgments of prototypical “communicators” of different skill levels and of actual people, trait/behavior relationships are, with one exception, similar across competence level and communicative situation.     

An investigation into the cognitive domain of competence II: The relationship between communicative competence and interaction involvement

The purpose of this study was to continue the investigation into the cognitive domain of communicative competence (Duran & Kelly, 1984; McCroskey, 1982; Spitzberg, 1983). The relationship between interaction involvement (Cegala, 1981) and communicative adaptability (Duran, 1983), a communicative competence construct, was studied. Canonical correlation analysis produced three significant canonical roots. Root 1 was defined by social confirmation appropriate disclosure, and responsiveness. Root 2 was defined by social composure, social experience, andperceptiveness. Root 3 was defined by social experience, and attentiveness. The theoretical implications of the results as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.     

The Librarian as Mediator

This paper examines various aspects of librarianship in order to illustrate that the profession is one that requires the techniques of mediation. Both librarianship and mediation are crafts guided by and furthering the interests of democratic society. The concern of librarians with intellectual freedom and literacy is examined as it encompasses the challenges of homelessness and multiculturalism. These issues call upon librarians to mediate, and to do so dynamically because of changes in library theory, methods, and technology. Librarians mediate between clients and with themselves. Mediation is required in bibliographic selection and for every library policy. It is hoped that readers of this paper will imagine many other aspects of librarianship that are furthered by effective mediation.     

Individual and community practices for constructing communicative resilience: exploring the communicative processes of coping with parental alienation

ABSTRACT

Parental alienation occurs after parents divorce and intentionally or even unintentionally persuade their children to distance themselves from or reject the other parent. Framed by the communication theory of resilience, this study explores the communicative practices that enable and constrain the targeted alienated parents’ ability to create normalcy at the individual and online community levels. We also examine the relationships between individual-level and online community-level resilience. Findings from 40 narrative interviews reveal communicative practices/processes that enable and constrain alienated parents at both the individual and online support group levels. Findings also suggest that there is a robust relationship between resilience practices at the individual and community levels. Theoretical implications and practical applications are discussed.     

Patterns of communicative interaction in small groups

Effects on selection of message strategies of variables relevant to two communicative objectives, task and interpersonal, were studied. Subjects composed a message in response to one of four situations: high or low self interest in compliance, or high or low desire for liking by the message recipient. Self interest influenced the degree of pressure exerted on the message recipient. Desire for liking altered usage of strategies which conveyed attitudes about the message recipient or attempted to alter reactions to the communicator. In a second study, subjects selected strategies from a list provided by the experimenter rather than actually composing messages. Under this procedure, the effects of the independent variables disappeared. An argument is advanced that message construction may be the more useful approach in determining effects of situational variables on the selection of message strategies, as well as more valuable in elaborating the strategies themselves.     

The Reference Librarian as Mediator:

No abstract available for this article.     

Exploring the communicative nature of corporal punishment

Extensive research in sociology and psychology suggests that corporal punishment of children is a serious problem because it increases the risk of physical and psychological harm. In the present study we utilized a recently developed communication framework to investigate corporal punishment. We derived two hypotheses and conducted a study of 178 college students. Following established procedures, we asked respondents to report about corporal punishment during a period of their youth. Participants rated each parent and themselves on aggressive communication measures. They also rated themselves on assault tendencies, anger, self‐esteem, and intentions to use corporal punishment. Support for our two hypotheses revealed that when participants recalled receiving higher levels of corporal punishment they perceived their parents to be higher in verbal aggressiveness. Furthermore, they reported being higher in assault tendencies, anger, and intentions to use corporal punishment with their children.     

图书馆核心能力及其培育

核心能力是图书馆得以生存和发展的基础.文章对图书馆核心能力的各种概念及特征进行了辨析,得出图书馆核心能力是通过对资源、技能、过程的有机协调与整合形成的独具服务竞争力的论断,并进而对图书馆核心能力的培育原则和培育途径进行了探讨.     

Automatic for the people: the automation of communicative labor

Artificial intelligence is rapidly giving rise to new automated technologies. Among the most important of these innovations is the development of artificially intelligent machines that produce increasingly sophisticated forms of oral and written discourse. As more of our communicative encounters are with artificial agents, our notions of communicative labor, surveillance, and digital rhetoric will have to contend with these extensive shifts. As a step in this direction, the present article evaluates several trends in the automation of oral and written discourse, examining their social and economic impact.     

体育科技期刊传播效果调查与分析

根据科技期刊传播效果层级性理论,通过对13种体育核心期刊传播效果的调查结果,分析体育科技期刊传播效果的现状,并针对存在的问题提出相应对策,以为体育科技期刊的价值评估及其改革与发展提供参考.     

The web of shyness: A network analysis of communicative correlates

This investigation was designed to explore the use of network analysis in an investigation of the communicative behaviors of shy individuals. Twenty‐three subjects were categorized as high, moderate, or low‐shy, and the friendship networks of these individuals were compared.

The results suggest that the communication networks of high‐shy subjects are structurally different than the networks of less‐shy individuals. Specifically, shy individuals had smaller, more interconnected networks. The evidence also suggests that shy subjects tend to have longer average length of relationships with their network links, less frequent interaction, and less role diversity in their friendships. Although structural and behavioral differences were found between high and low‐shy subjects, shy subjects did not report being any less satisfied with their friendship networks than less‐shy individuals.

Overall, communication network analysis was found to be a tool that can provide insight into the behavioral and perceptual correlates of shyness.     

Communication competence problematics in ethnic friendships

This study examines the relationship between ethnic background and emergent cultural competencies in friendships in the United States. A discursive, interpretive perspective served to delineate normative dimensions in competent intra‐and intercultural friendships involving Latinos, Asian Americans, African Americans, and Anglo Americans. Competence was approached as a problematic set of predicaments in which interlocutors co‐construct identities and coordinate action. Similarities and differences in competencies were pinpointed through identification of norms—appropriate conduct for ethnic identity, gender, and relationship—as well as outcomes‐the resulting feelings about self, other, the topic, and the friendship. The competencies identified in this study are consistent with core symbols identified in the discourse of friends in previous studies, in that Latinos emphasized relational support, Asian Americans emphasized a caring, positive exchange of ideas, African Americans emphasized respect and acceptance, and Anglo Americans emphasized recognizing the needs of the individual.     

网络不同媒体组合的传播效果检测分析

本文通过对多通道刺激反应心理学理论的回溯 ,援引美国传播学教授斯·斯亚姆·山德尔 (S .ShyamSundar)在 2 0 0 0年所做的网站多媒体组合信息传播实验结果———在目前网络软硬件技术还有待大幅度提高的情况下 ,越多的媒体参与网络传播 ,并不一定能取得好的传播效果。本文借此提出文本 图片是目前网站较为合适的信息传播形式的观点。     

The effectiveness of project-specific information competence instruction

A faculty member and a librarian collaborated on an information competence workshop designed to enhance the skills necessary to complete a specific class project. Twenty-five students participated in the workshop and reported their skill level and comfort with researching for information at three times: before the workshop, the class session after the workshop, and at the end of the semester when the project was due. Further aspects of information competence instruction and project-specific performance are discussed.     

Testing a cyclical model of communicative openness in relationship development: Two longitudinal studies

This paper reports the results of two longitudinal studies of openness‐closedness cycling in relationship development based upon a model by Altman, Vinsel, and Brown (1981). Study 1 consists of behavioral observations of interactions among acquainting dyads over four weeks. Study 2 consists of self‐reported measures of subjects’ openness, openness of other, communication satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction in intact relationships over ten weeks. Fourier Analyses of the time series were conducted and meta‐analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses. Both studies strongly support a cyclical model. There appear to be short cycles recurring within conversations superimposed over larger cycles across conversations. The results also suggest that people match and time the amplitude and frequency of their own cycling behavior to coincide with that of their partner. Study 2 found that the cycles of perceived openness coincide with fluctuations in communication satisfaction and that deteriorating relationships and older relationships evidence greater amplitudes in their cyclical fluctuations.     

日常生活的民间创造性与可沟通城市建构：基于社会场地艺术的个案研究

文化创意(creativity)和科技创新(innovation),是凝结人类创造性的两大显著领域,对于当前乃至未来人类都市社会的发展意义重大,并获得不同学科和各级政府的广泛关注,但经济和科技的飞速进步,未必带来城市的可沟通性。如何将创造性研究与可沟通城市的相关研究结合起来,探讨创造性实践对于可沟通城市建构的具体意义,构成本文的核心问题和出发点。本文主要关注的是被文化创意和科技创新的主流研究所相对遮蔽的普通民众在日常生活中的民间创造性,及其激发和参与方式,对于可沟通城市建构的价值和意义。文章主要结合两个旨在动员民间创造性的艺术实践个案,通过回顾创造性概念的演化、日常生活研究的意义、参与式艺术的发展,论证和阐述日常生活民间创造性的特点,以及普通民众通过艺术实践的参与合作,所生发出来的情感沟通、社会交往、阶层弥合和日常空间转变等多重价值。本文将这类基于日常生活民间创造性的艺术实践,归属于社会-场地艺术,强调其所具有的社会参与性和空间场地性的双重属性,并非基于文创经济和科技创新所依赖的作为工具理性和政策扶持的创造性概念,及其所关注的创意阶层和文创园区、城市中心或科技园区,而是民间创造性基于平凡的日常生活空间和普通民众参与所形成的社会-场地双重性,对于可沟通城市建构,具有重要意义。     

学术期刊核心竞争力概念解析

将核心竞争力概念引入学术期刊领域,阐述学术期刊核心竞争力的内涵、外延特征,并在此基础上对学术期刊核心竞争力概念予以界定。     

Coparental Communication as a Mediator of Interparental Conflict and Young Adult Children's Mental Well-Being

This study tested young adults’ perceptions of supportive and antagonistic coparental communication as mediators of interparental conflict (i.e., demand/withdraw patterns and aggression) and young adults’ mental well-being. Participants included 493 young adult children from intact and divorced families. Although young adults from divorced families reported higher levels of interparental conflict and antagonistic coparental communication than those from intact families, no significant differences emerged in the pattern of associations among the latent constructs in both groups. Bootstrapping analyses revealed that demand/withdraw patterns and mothers’ aggression had both direct effects and indirect effects on young adults’ mental well-being through antagonistic coparental communication. Consequently, coparental communication may function as a risk mechanism linking the adverse effects of witnessing interparental conflict to children's adjustment.     

The Effect of Patient Self-Advocacy on Patient Satisfaction: Exploring Self-Compassion as a Mediator

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-compassion as a predictor and mediator of the relationship between patient self-advocacy and patient satisfaction in health care. A sample of 522 patients completed a questionnaire that asked for their perceptions of their own self-compassion, patient self-advocacy behaviors, including illness education, assertiveness, and mindful nonadherence, and patient satisfaction. This study found that both patient self-advocacy and self-compassion were positive predictors of patient satisfaction. More specifically, patients’ illness education and assertiveness positively influenced patients’ satisfaction with their physician. Self-compassion was also shown to be a mediator between patient self-advocacy and patient satisfaction. The implications of these findings and future directions are also discussed.