新闻构架、符码与制造同意的艺术——美国媒体“十六大”报道综合分析

本文运用西方新闻学研究的框架和符码理论对美国媒体有关中共“十六大”的报道进行定性和定量分析 ,旨在揭示美国媒体与主流意识形态间的互动关系 ,加深我们对美国媒体国际新闻报道运作规律的认识     

A Comparative Framing Analysis of Embedded and Behind-the-Lines Reporting on the 2003 Iraq War

This study sought to develop a typology of communication challenges perceived by frontline employees during the implementation of organizational change. A sample of midlevel managers (N = 166) self-reported 486 challenges they perceived encountering while implementing a new customer service program at a national textbook retailer. These perceived impediments were inductively analyzed into a five-tiered typology including (a) resistance from external stakeholders, (b) a lack of resources and decision-making authority, (c) personal management issues, (d) competing changes, and (e) staff resistance.     

中国上市传媒公司内部冲突行为动因模型实证研究

中国传媒产业习惯上采用行政官僚制度,在内部冲突管理上沿袭传统冲突管理理论,以消除内部纷争。不过,传媒企业的信息产业特点要求保持较激进的创新性与竞争性,使得传媒企业内部冲突行为必然不同于传统产业。本文应用组织行为理论,采用数理统计方法对境内上市传媒公司内部冲突行为动因给予实证研究,结果表明制度在抑制负向冲突、引导冲突走向等方面具有重要性。     

从隐私报道看四种矛盾的冲突与把握

隐私报道是一个敏感而又较为复杂的问题,因此引起的争议也很多。笔者认为,在隐私报道的背后,涉及到新闻、法律、伦理和价值观四个层面(或许更多),各自掩盖着一种矛盾,正是这四种矛盾的冲突造成了记者对他人隐私报道的诸多争议。而如     

Role Development in the Managed Care Era: A Case of Hospital-Based Nursing

Managed care poses numerous opportunities and challenges for today's health care organizations and their employees. This article investigates the ways that hospital nurses develop and make sense of their professional roles and organizational environments in a changing and often uncertain managed care setting. The case study approach used in this research combined qualitative methodologies to gain a rich, detailed, and contextual understanding of nurses' work roles and organizational experiences. After an analysis of interviews with 24 nurses and observations of nurses' communicative activities on one inpatient unit, the complexity of sensemaking and role development in a managed care environment is considered. Conclusions are then drawn regarding the theoretical and pragmatic implications of nurses' communicative processes, as they attempted to develop and understand their roles in a changing organizational context.     

The Physiology of Argumentative Skill Deficiency: Cognitive Ability,Emotional Competence,Communication Qualities,and Responses to Conflict

This study drew upon the argumentative skill deficiency model to advance hypotheses linking cognitive ability and emotional competence to the prominence of loudness, criticism, disagreement, and sarcasm in conflict interactions between dating partners. Hypotheses also predicted that these communication qualities amplify physiological stress responses to conflict interactions, as indexed by measures of salivary cortisol. One hundred college-aged students (50 romantic couples) participated in a dyadic interaction in which they discussed a source of conflict in their relationship. Structural equation analyses evaluated an actor–partner interdependence model in which personal qualities predicted communication qualities that, in turn, predicted amplitude of cortisol change. Results indicated partial support for our hypotheses.     

Communication, Relationships, and Religious Difference in the Northern Ireland Workplace: A Study of Private and Public Sector Organizations

Four large organizations, two each from the private and public sectors of the Northern Ireland economy, were selected for this study which, first, explored the effects of religion-based workforce difference on intergroup relationships, second, investigated the contribution of organizational sector to communicative differences, and third, gauged the effects of group-based negativity on the flow and distribution of functional information within the organization. Little evidence of intergroup conflict was found although employees expressed a desire for greater quantity and quality of outgroup contact. Significant differences between the private and public bodies emerged in this respect. Contrasts were consistent with general organizational differences typifying the sectors. Findings are discussed in relation to diversity management and the characteristics of organizational sectors.     

Rural Libraries- A Comparative Study in Four States of India

Abstract

The role information plays in socio-economic development can not be over-emphasized. People need different types of information in their day-to-day life and their information seeking behaviour also differs from person to person. In India, 70 percent of the population lives in rural areas. The access the rural population has to information sources is very limited. Libraries, in addition to other sources, form a major source of information. However, the libraries in rural areas, as observed from earlier studies, are traditional in nature and not well equipped to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people. Non-existence of library legislation in various states of India is one of the factors which adversely affected the development of a library system. This present study examines the status of rural libraries in four states of India, the information needs of the people in the study area, and their information seeking behaviour. The study also examines the role of the latest IT techniques in improving the present status of rural libraries.

This study concludes that the libraries existing presently in rural areas are in a poor state of affairs. Lack of adequate resources, financial and human, is identified as the major reason for the present status of rural libraries. As far as information needs, a majority of respondents look for information relating to development schemes, employment opportunities, education, health, etc. Mass media including newspaper, TV, and radio are the major sources of information, followed by relatives/friends, and government officials. This study suggests the transformation of existing libraries or establishing a new set up of dynamic information centres with the help of the latest IT to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people.     

Making Sense of an Academic Library Web Site: Toward a More Usable Interface for University Researchers

ABSTRACT

Library patrons familiar with Web searching conventions often find library searching to be less familiar and even intimidating. This article describes and evaluates a series of usability research studies employing two different and popular methodologies: user-centered redesign and usability testing. Card sorting and affinity mapping were used to conceptualize how information should be classified and presented on the library's main page. Usability scenarios and think-aloud protocols were used to explore how students, especially those new to the campus, conceptualize the information-seeking process and how they go about conducting a search. Participants included library employees, university faculty, staff, and students. These methods can be replicated by any library, large or small, and demonstrate that even small-scale usability evaluations can improve patrons' understanding of and access to library resources.     

保管与学术的冲突--德国档案馆的史学研究

20世纪90年代,围绕档案馆的编研工作,档案界曾有一次规模空前、观点尖锐对立的激烈争论.这次争论不仅受到了学术界的关注,还引起了档案主管部门的重视,并最终导致全国各级各类档案馆纷纷缩短编研战线[1].     

大学生媒体形象建构的嬗变——以框架理论的观点

近十年来,随着大众传媒关于大学生群体的负面新闻报道不断增加,大学生的媒体形象正在发生嬗变。笔者对《中国青年报》、《齐鲁晚报》1997年与2007年有关的大学生新闻报道加以统计分析,试图找出这十年内媒体建构的大学生形象的变化,希望提醒媒体及公众,对大学生群体产生特定形象认知时能更为谨慎。     

关注制度:上海史研究的一个视角

这几年，研习上海史，总觉得我们在铺陈近代上海繁华或关注面上的东西，用墨相对多了一点。有些论题多年来因循相袭，史料就那么一些，视野上也未见拓展，所以，读后经常有似曾相识的感觉。前几期《档案与史学》陆续刊登上海史研究笔谈文章，有几位先生谈到要注意观察的视角，读罢很受启发。如王家范先生提出转换视角，并期望“上海史研究下一步应该向历史诠释索取更多的需要，以求得历史视野的拓宽和史实的进一步深化”，窃以为此议中肯。这里，结合近年从事土地产权制度方面的研究体会，谈一点浅见。唐德刚先生在《晚清七十年》谈中国历史…     

Face and facework in conflict: a cross-cultural comparison of China,Germany, Japan,and the United States

The purpose of the current study was to investigate face and facework during conflicts across four national cultures: China, Germany, Japan, and the United States. A questionnaire was administered to 768 participants in the 4 national cultures, in their respective languages, to measure 3 face concerns and 11 facework behaviors. The major findings of the current study are as follows: (a) self-construals had the strongest effects on face concerns and facework with independence positively associated with self-face and dominating facework and interdependence positively associated with other- and mutual-face and integrating and avoiding facework; (b) power distance had small, positive effects on all three face concerns and avoiding and dominating facework; (c) individualistic, small-power distance cultures had less other-face concern and avoiding facework, and more dominating facework than collectivistic, large-power distance cultures; (d) Germans had more self- and mutual-face concerns and used defending more than U.S. Americans; (e) Chinese had more self-face concern and involved a third party more than Japanese; and (f) relational closeness and status only had small effects on face concerns and facework behavior.     

Redefining Press Freedom: A Survey of Iraqi Broadcasters in Political Transition and Conflict

This study examined how Iraqi broadcasters perceive the concept of press freedom in their newly emerging media environment. Based on the survey of 122 Iraqi broadcasters, this study found that individual, attitudinal, and organizational factors determine Iraqi broadcasters' perceptions of press freedom. Departing from the conventional press freedom indices on Iraq compiled by Western freedom advocate organizations, this study suggests that the Iraqi broadcasters' perceptions on the press freedom were relative, not absolute or uniform as depicted through numerical indices or qualitative labels.     

Making It Happen in Glasgow: A Vision for Glasgow Libraries

Home to almost 600,000 people, Glasgow is a vibrant city with a long history of public library provision. Today, the city boasts Scotland’s largest public library service. However, over the past ten years it has become increasing apparent that libraries in Scotland and indeed worldwide must adapt in order to stay relevant to society’s changing needs. Glasgow Libraries’ comprehensive Vision for Glasgow Libraries, developed through detailed research and consultation, seeks to address these challenges to ensure that the city’s vital, life changing library service remains integral to the needs of the people of Glasgow for years to come.     

大学生的图书馆获得感及其对阅读意愿的影响——以天津美术学院为例

从获得感的视角把握大学生对图书馆的综合感知水平,以期为强化大学生阅读意愿提供数据参考。本文以天津美术学院为例,使用Binary Logistic回归方法,从空间资源环境和人文环境两个维度分析大学生的图书馆获得感及其对阅读意愿的影响。结果发现,大学生的图书馆获得感处于一般水平且具有层次特征;大学生图书馆获得感存在群体差异,微信公众号使用程度、月阅读量、主要阅读方式及阅读能力感知的影响显著;在控制个体特征后,大学生的图书馆获得感对其阅读意愿具有显著的正向影响。