Contamination and Camouflage in Euphemisms

The study reports a factor analytic investigation of the interpersonal attraction construct. Two‐hundred and fifteen subjects completed 30 Likert‐type, seven‐step scales concerning an acquaintance. Factor analysis indicated three dimensions of the interpersonal attraction construct which were labeled “task” “social” and “physical.” The results of this study and four replications suggest that the resulting 15‐item instrument can be expected to measure reliably three dimensions of interpersonal attraction.     

Graduate theses—an index of graduate work in speech XVIII∗

This study attempts to summarize selected concepts from the theory of Kenneth Burke and test their applicability in a formal organization. Semantic differential scales and the paired‐comparison technique were used to gather data on “order,” “mystery,” and “identification” as perceived by members of all levels of the hierarchy within a university.     

The ‘scholar's anthology”: An introduction

These introductory comments preview this issue's new feature, “The Scholar's Anthology,” and its subject‐matter, “cultural criticism.”     

Reading in the digital age: A case study in faculty and librarian collaboration

ABSTRACT

This article describes a collaborative partnership of two librarians and an English professor who created a unit for a senior capstone seminar on “The Digital Turn in English Studies.” After reading Charlotte Perkins Gilman's “The Yellow Wallpaper” in both print and digitized versions, students completed a survey on reading preferences and provided feedback on an experimental eTextReader allowing for annotation. Students also did blog postings providing a fuller picture of attitudes toward digital texts. We situate quantitative and qualitative findings in three contexts: the field of digital humanities, reading in the digital age, and tool development.     

Central states speech association members as of July 1, 1966

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if maximum articulatory rate of children with articulatory disorders differed significantly from that of normal‐speaking peers. If differences exist between groups, then additional research is indicated to determine whether improving maximum articulatory rate will result in more acceptable articulation.     

The effect of responsibility attributions on message source evaluation

Concepts from Heider's “Attribution of Responsibility” theory were used to investigate the process of message source evaluation. The results of a role‐playing experiment indicate that: (1) When a message source's previous behavior has had favorable consequences for a receiver, the source will be rated more “safe,” “qualified,” and “dynamic” to the extent that responsibility for those consequences are attributed to the source; and (2) when the source's previous behavior has had unfavorable consequences for the receiver, the source will be judged less “safe” but more “qualified” and “dynamic” to the extent that responsibility for those consequences are attributed to the source.     

Television production training

For many years, there has been controversy between the so‐called “liberal arts”; and the “vocationsal”; approach to broadcasting instruction. In this article, Jack Warfield points out that the resulting compromise has been unsatisfactory, and offers a partial solution.     

John Morley and the Irish question: Chart‐prayer‐dream

Attempts to circumscribe “the Burkean method” of rhetorical criticism can be frustrating. Critics more profitably might use Burke as an example and a prod, appropriating—as was done in this study—whichever of Burke's concepts, methods, and metaphors seem applicable to a given rhetorical event. Burke's “chart‐prayer‐dream” trilogy, together with his understanding of “strategies,” was employed to examine Morley's “Home Rule” speech before the Oxford Union in 1888. Morley's reply to Randolph Churchill abandoned propositional argument in favor of reviv‐alistic‐exhortation early in the speech; his strategies of form, argument, labelling, style, and mimesis are best understood as those of the High Priest seeking a confessional and an act of expiation from his auditors.     

6. FOREIGN/INTERNATIONAL

The following essay updates my TABLOID JOURNALISM: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ENGLISH‐LANGUAGE SOURCES (Westport, CT: Greenwood “Bibliographies and Indexes in Mass Media and Communications, Number 10,”; 1996—$65.00, ISBN 0–313–29544–1, 187 pp.)

A. U.S. print journalism

IT'S ALIVE! HOW AMERICA'S OLDEST PAPER CHEATED DEATH AND WHY IT MATTERS by Steven Cuozzo (New York: Times Books, 1996—$25.00, ISBN 0–8129–2286–7, 342 pp.)

“Reversing the Romance: Class and Gender in the Supermarket Tabloids,” by Theron Britt (Prospect, 21: 435–451 [1996])

“Virgins, Vamps and the Tabloid Mentality,” by Linda Fairstein (Media Studies Journal, 12: 92–99 [Winter 1998])

SCOOPED! MEDIA MISS REAL STORY ON CRIME WHILE CHASING SEX, SLEAZE, AND CELEBRITIES by David J. Krajicek (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998—$24.95, ISBN 0–2311–0292–5, 230 pp., bibliographical references)

B. U.S. television

“The World Outside: Local TV News Treatment of Imported News,” by Raymond L. Carroll and C. A. Tuggle (Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 74: 123–133 [1997])

“Tabloid TV, Courtesy of the Education Department,” by Steven Drummond (Teacher Magazine 9: 14–15 [April 1998])

THE JOURNALISM OF OUTRAGEOUSNESS: TABLOID TELEVISION NEWS VS. INVESTIGATIVE NEWS by Matthew C. Ehrlich (Journalism and Mass Communication Monographs, No.155 [1996])

“Presumed Innocent? A Comparative Analysis of Network News, ‘Newsmagazines’ and Tabloid TV's Pretrial Coverage of the O. J. Simpson Criminal Case,” by Steven A. Esposito (Communications and the Law, 18: 49–72 [December 1996])

“Tabloid and Traditional Television News Magazine Crime Stories: Crime Lessons and Reaffirmation of Social Class Distinctions,” by Maria Elizabeth Grabe (Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 73: 926–946 [1996])

TABLOID TELEVISION: POPULAR JOURNALISM AND THE “OTHER NEWS” by John Langer (London: Routledge “Communication and Society,”; 1998—$24.99, ISBN 0–4150–6636–0, 192 pp., appendix, bibliographical references)

“Human Nature and Crime Control: Improving the Feasibility of Nurturant Strategies,”; by Bryan Vila (Politics and the Life Sciences, 16: 3–21 [1997])

C. Legal implications

‘Get That Camera Out of My Face!”: An Examination of the Viability of Suing ‘Tabloid Television’ for Invasion of Privacy,” by Eduardo W. Gonzalez (University of Miami Law Review 51: 935–953 [1997])

“Punishing the Press: Using Contempt of Court to Secure the Right to a Fair Trial,” by Stephen J. Krause (Boston University Law Review 76: 537–574 [1996])

“The Confluence of Sensationalism and News: Media Access to Criminal Investigations and the Public's Right to Know,” by Jimmy R. Moye (CommLaw Conspectus, 6: 89–99 [1998])

D. International perspectives

“Public Discourse/Private Fascination: Hybridization in ‘True‐Life‐Story’ Genres,” by Ib Bondebjerg (Media Culture &; Society 18: 27–45 [1996])

“Anthropology in the Body Shop: Lords of the Garden, Cannibalism, and the Consuming Desires of Televisual Anthropology,” by Rosalind C. Morris (American Anthropologist, 98: 137–146 [1996])

“The Media's Impact on International Affairs, Then and Now,” by Johanna Neuman (SAIS Review, 16: 109–123 [Winter/Spring 1996])

“Core of the Problem: Newspaper's Fate Will Gauge More Than Press Freedom,”; by Andrew Sherry (Far Eastern Economic Review, 160: 61–63 [3 July 1997])     

Broadcasting‐film academic budgets: 1971–72

As a supplement to the standard “Niven list”; (which follows in this issue), the Journal offers here a look at the finances of many of the broadcasting‐film departments detailed by Niven. Based on budgets for the 1971–72 academic year, Bensman and Futrell provide data on four‐year colleges and universities offering broadcasting and/or film degrees. Dr. Marvin Bensman is assistant professor of speech at Memphis State University while James Futrell is a graduate assistant in the same department.     

Radio,TV and literacy in Mexico

When radio and television are touted as the “greatest media for education” or the “promoting of social change” that the world has ever known, the need of the developing countries of the world for these media is often cited. It is probable that most citizens of the United States think of “developing nations” as those newly‐formed countries of Asia and Africa whose political, social and economic problems often are featured in the day's news reports. However, there are more than a score of developing nations in the western hemisphere, and one of these is right at the back door of the U. S. This country, Mexico, has been using radio and television effectively for a major literacy program since 1965, and the following article describes that program. Dennis Lowry is a doctoral candidate in mass communication in the University of Minnesota School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Information for this article was gathered during a six‐week study trip to Mexico in the summer of 1968.     

The influence of mode,sub‐mode,and speaker predilection on style

With four basic assumptions about the nature of style as orientation, this study focuses on six subjects across two general modes and six sub‐modes of discourse. After discussing “style markers” such as sentence length, word length, TTR, cloze scores, ratios related to extent of qualification, AVQ, PTQ, and psychogrammatical features across modes and sub‐modes, the study sketches a “stylistic profile” of the subjects including not only these style markers but editing behaviors as well. Although subjects appear to have been influenced by modal and sub‐modal dimensions of style, individual predilections appear also to have been heavily influenced by factors relating to “epistemic stance.”     

The Effect of Anticipated Future Interaction and Initial Impression Valence on Relational Communication in Computer-Mediated Interaction

This study applies the critical paradigm of “rhetorical enterprise” to the case of nineteenth‐century British reform efforts, particularly the organization and the “gospel” of the Birmingham Political Union, and concludes that cases of rhetorical enterprise challenge critics to account for the enterprising consistency of tactics and creed regardless of the relatively inconsistent factors of men andevents.     

Persuasion in social conflicts: A critique of prevailing conceptions and a framework for future research

It is argued here that students of rhetoric and communication, along with scholars in other disciplines, have tended to reflect “Establishment” biases in treatments of persuasion in social conflicts. As a result, we have often failed to come to grips with the nature of conflict, the needs of “OUTS” and “HAVE‐NOTS,” and the utility of conflict for societies. In the place of prevailing “system orientations,” a “dual perspective” is proposed—one which would examine persuasion in conflicts from the viewpoint of both the actors attempting to maximize their interests in conflict situations and the system attempting to regulate conflict in the collective interest. The concept of “coercive persuasion” is introduced, and several suggestions for research are offered.     

Electronic media

RADIO'S NICHE MARKETING REVOLUTION: FUTURESELL by Godfrey W. and Ashley Page Herweg (Boston: Focal Press, 1997‐$37.95, paper, ISBN 0–240–80202–0, 274 pp., figures, bibliography, notes, index)

THE RECORDING INDUSTRY by Geoffrey P. Hull (Boston: Allyn & Bacon “Series in Mass Communication,”; 1998‐$24.00, ISBN 0–205–19689–6, 304 pp., Internet sources list, notes, bibliography, glossary, index)

THE CABLE AND SATELLITE TELEVISION INDUSTRIES by Patrick R. Parsons and Robert M. Frieden (Boston: Allyn & Bacon “Series in Mass Communication,”; 1998‐$24.00, paper, ISBN 0–205–20013–3, 370 pp., diagrams, tables, bibliography, index)

THE BROADCAST TELEVISION INDUSTRY by James R. Walker & Douglas A. Ferguson, with contributions by John F. Long and Kevin Sauter (Boston: Allyn & Bacon “Series in Mass Communication,”; 1998‐$24.00, paper, ISBN 0–205–18950–4, 228 pp., figures, glossary, bibliography, index)

“DENY ALL KNOWLEDGE:” READING THE X FILES edited by David Lavery, Angela Hague, and Maria Cartwright (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press “Television Series,”; 1996‐$45.00/16.95, ISBN 0–8156–2717–3 hard, 0–8156–0407–6 paper, 233 pp., notes, appendix, works cited, index)

MINORITY COMMERCIAL BROADCAST OWNERSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES by NTIA's Minority Telecommunications Development Program (Washington: National Telecommunications and Information Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1997‐price not given, paper, no ISBN provided, 50 pp., tables)

THE BROADCASTER'S GUIDE TO RDS by Scott Wright (Boston: Focal Press, 1997‐$36.95, paper, ISBN 0–240–80278–0, 203 pp., figures, glossary, bibliography, index)     

German communications

(1. Press)

DEN WANDEL GESTALTEN: NEUE STRUKTUREN UND PROZESSE IN TAGESZEITUNGSVERLAGEN / ORGANIZING THE CHANGE: NEW STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES IN DAILY NEWSPAPER PUBLISHING by Robert Becker and Hans‐Peter Erlemann (Bonn: ZV Zeitungs‐Verlag Service [Riemenschneiderstr.10, D‐53175 Bonn], 1997—DM 78,00, ISBN 3–929122–36–7, 270 pp.)

POLITISCHE ZEITSCHRIFTEN IN DEUTSCHLAND: MEDIENÖKONOMIE UND REDAKTIONSFORSCHUNG/POLITICAL JOURNALS IN GERMANY: MEDIA ECONOMICS AND EDITORIAL RESEARCH by Bernd Putter (Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1997—DM 68,‐, ISBN 3–8244–4265–5, 312 pp., tables, charts, notes, annexes)

PRESSEVERTRIEB IN OSTDEUTSCHLAND: DIE WIRTSCHAFTLICHEN UND POLITISCHEN INTERESSEN BEIM AUFBAU EINES PRESSEGROßHANDELSSYSTEMS NACH DER OKTOBERWENDE 1989 / PRESS DISTRIBUTION IN EASTERN GERMANY: ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INTERESTS IN DEVELOPMENT OF PRESS WHOLESALE TRADE AFTER THE CHANGE OF OCTOBER 1989 by Bernd Klammer (München: Saur “Dortmunder Beiträge zur Zeitungsforschung, vol.56,”; 1998—DM 54,00, ISBN 3–598–21319–0, 255 pp., tables, charts, notes)

DIE JÜDISCHE PRESSE IM DRITTEN REICH: ZWISCHEN SELBSTBEHAUP‐TUNG UND FREMDBESTIMMUNG / THE JEWISH PRESS IN THE THIRD REICH: BETWEEN SELF‐ASSERTION AND FOREIGN INFLUENCE by Katrin Diehl (Tübingen: Niemeyer “Conditio Judaica, Vol.17,”; 1997—DM 142,00, ISBN 3–484–65117–2, ISSN 0941–5866, 363 pp., tables, notes, bibliography, index)

(2. Broadcasting)

BIBLIOGRAPHIE ZUR DEUTSCHEN PRIVATFUNK‐ENTWICKLUNG: LIT‐ERATUR‐NACHWEISE AUS 25 JAHREN, 1970–1995 / BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GERMAN PRIVATE BROADCAST DEVELOPMENT: 25 YEARS OF LITERATURE, 1970–1995 / by Olaf Jubin (Bochum: Brockmeyer “Bochumer Studien zur Publizistik‐ und Kommunikationswissenschaft, Vol. 88,”; 1997—DM 49,80, ISBN 3–8196–0540–1, 267 pp.)

PROGRAMMBERICHT ZUR LAGE UND ENTWICKLUNG DES FERNSE‐HENS IN DEUTSCHLAND 1996/97 / REPORT ON THE STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TELEVISION PROGRAMS IN GERMANY 1996/97 edited by Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Landesmedienanstalten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Berlin: Ullstein, 1997—DM 48,00 [free of charge for libraries from the editor: Turmstrasse 8, D‐67059 Ludwigshafen], ISBN 3–550–06962–6,352 pp., tables, charts, index)

WAS SIE ÜBER RUNDFUNK WISSEN SOLLTEN: MATERIALIEN ZUM VERSTÄNDNIS EINES MEDIUMS / WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT BROADCASTING: TOWARD UNDERSTANDING A MEDIUM edited by ARD/ZDF‐Arbeitsgruppe Marketing (Berlin: Vistas, 1997—DM 28,00 [free of charge for libraries from: Süddeutscher Rundfunk, Marketing, Neckarstrasse 221, D‐70190 Stuttgart], ISBN 3–89158–204–8, 444 pp., tables, charts, glossary)

WIRTSCHAFTLICHKEITSANALYSEN FÜR BALLUNGSRAUMFERNSE‐HEN: MODELLTHEORETISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AUS SICHT POTEN‐TIELLER INVESTOREN / ANALYSES OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TV CONCENTRATION: MODEL‐THEORETICAL STUDIES FOR POTENTIAL INVESTORS by Rolf Nafziger (Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäs Verlag, Gabler, 1997—DM 118,00, ISBN 3–8244–6511–6, 339 pp., tables, charts, notes, bibliography)

PROGRAMMGESCHICHTE DES HÖRFUNKS IN DER WEIMARER REPUB‐LIK / HISTORY OF RADIO PROGRAMMING IN THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC edited by Joachim‐Felix Leonhard (München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag “dtv, 4072,”; 1997—DM 64,00, ISBN 3–423–04702‐x, two vols. [621 and 623 pp.], pictures, charts, notes, bibliography, index)

WIRTSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE DES RUNDFUNKS IN DER WEIMARER REPUBLIK / ECONOMIC HISTORY OF BROADCASTING IN THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC by Karl Christian Führer (Potsdam: Verlag für Berlin‐Brandenburg “Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Rundfunkarchivs, Vol.6,”; 1997—DM 48,00, ISBN 3–930850–39–7, 240 pp., charts, notes, bibliography, index)

(3. Telecommunications)

ZUR ÖKONOMIE DER INFORMATIONSGESELLSCHAFT: PERSPEKTIVEN, PROGNOSEN, VISIONEN / ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY ECONOMY: PERSPECTIVES, PROGNOSES, VISIONS edited by Enquete Kommission “Zukunft der Medien in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Deutschlands Weg in die Infbrmationsgesellschaft, Deutscher Bundestag”; (Bonn: ZV Zeitungs‐Verlag Service “Schriftenreihe ‘Enquete Kommission: Zukunft der Medien,’ Vol. 2,”; 1997—DM 78,00, ISBN 3–929122–34‐X, 269 pp., tables, charts, bibliography)

TELEKOMMUNIKATIONSWIRTSCHAFT IN DER EUROPISCHEN UNION: INNOVATIONSDYNAMIK, REGULIERUNGSPOLITIK UND INTERNA‐TIONALISIERUNGSPROZESSE / TELECOMMUNICATION ECONOMICSIN THE EUROPEAN UNION: DYNAMICS OF INNOVATION; POLICIES OF REGULATION AND PROCESSES OF INTERNATIONALISATION by Cornelius Graack (Heidelberg: Physika Verlag “Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Beiträge, Vol. 160,”; 1997—DM 120,00, ISBN 3–7908–1037–1, 404 pp., tables, charts, notes, bibliography, index)

KONFLIKT UND ORDNUNG IN DER GLOBALEN KOMMUNIKATION: WETTSTREIT DER STAATEN UND WETTBEWERB DER UNTERNEHMEN / CONFLICT AND ORDER IN GLOBAL COMMUNICATION: COMPETITION AMONG STATES AND COMPETITION AMONG ENTERPRISES by Klaus W. Grewlich (Baden‐Baden: Nomos Verlagsges “Law and Economics of International Telecommunications, Vol. 33,”; 1997—DM 89,00, ISBN 3–7890–4983–2, 307 pp., notes, bibliography)

(4. Public Relations)

GESCHICHTE DER ÖFFENTLICHKEITSARBEIT IN DEUTSCHLAND / HISTORY OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN GERMANY by Michael Kunczik (Köln: Böhlau “Public Relations, Vol. 4,”; 1997—DM 68,00, ISBN 3–412–04997–2, 402 pp., notes, bibliography, index)

DIE ÖFFENTLICHKEITSARBEIT DER EUROPÄISCHEN KOMMISSION 1952–1996: PR ZUR LIGITIMATION VON INTEGRATION?/PUBLIC RELATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 1952–1996: LEGITIMIZING INTEGRATION? by Marc R. Gramberger (Baden‐Baden: Nomos Verlagsges. “Nomos Universitätsschriften Politik, Vol.75,”; 1997—DM 89,00, ISBN 3–7890–5050–4, 398 pp., tables, charts, notes, bibliography)

(5. Law)

ZWISCHEN MEDIENFREIHEIT UND ZENSUREINGRIFFEN: EINE MEDIEN‐UND RECHTSSOZIOLOGISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG ZENSORISCHER EINFLUßNAHMEN AUF BUNDESDEUTSCHE POPULÄRKULTUR / BETWEEN MEDIA FREEDOM AND CENSORSHIP: THE SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND LAW ON CENSORSHIP INTERVENTIONS IN GERMAN POPULAR CULTURE by Roland Seim (Münster [Im Sundem 7–9, D‐48157 Münster/Westfalen]: Telos Verlag, 1997—DM 59,80, ISBN 3–933060–00–1, 556 pp., photos, notes, bibliography, index)

DAS RECHT DER FERNSEHWERBUNG FÜR KINDER: RECHTLICHE REG‐ULIERUNG DER FERNSEHWERBUNG UNTER ASPEKTEN DES KINDER‐UND JUGENDSCHUTZES / THE LAW OF CHILDREN'S TV ADVERTISING: LEGAL REGULATION OF TV ADVERTISING AS AN ASPECT OF PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS by Stefan Engels (Baden‐Baden: Nomos Verlagsges “Materialien zur interdisziplinären Medienforschung, Vol. 30,”; 1997—DM 89,00, ISBN 3–7890–4823–2, 353 pp., notes, bibliography)

RUNDFUNKVERFASSUNGSRECHT / CONSTITUTIONAL BROADCASTING LAW by Reinhart Ricker and Peter Schiwy (München: Beck, 1997—DM 298,00, ISBN 3–406–40162–7, 523 pp., notes, bibliography, index)

(6. Audience)

VON DER INFORMATION ZUM WISSEN: DIE ROLLE DER REZEPTION FÜR DIE ENTSTEHUNG VON WISSENSUNTERSCHIEDEN. EIN BEITRAG ZUR WISSENSKLUFTFORSCHUNG/FROM INFORMATION TO KNOWLEDGE: THE ROLE OF RECEPTION IN THE FORMATION OF KNOWLEDGE GAPS—A CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE‐GAP RESEARCH by Werner Wirth (Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag “Studien zur Kommunikationswissenschaft, Vol. 23,”; 1997—DM 66,00, ISBN 3–531–12944–9, 355 pp., tables, charts, notes, bibliography)

MEDIENREALITÄT UND REZIPIENTENHANDELN: ZUR ENTSTEHUNG HANDLUNGSLEITENDER VORSTELLUNGEN / MEDIA REALITY AND RECIPIENT REACTION: TOWARDS THE FORMATION OF ACTION LEADING IMAGES by Helmut Scherer (Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1997—DM 89,00, ISBN 3–8244–4226–4, 426 pp., tables, charts, notes, bibliography)

(7. Journalism and Other Topics)

VERANTWORTUNG IM FREIEN MEDIENMARKT: INTERNATIONALE PERSPEKTIVEN ZUR WAHRUNG PROFESSIONELLER STANDARDS / RESPONSIBILITY IN THE FREE MEDIA MARKET: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE MAINTENANCE OF PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS edited by Ingrid Hamm (Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 1966—DM 35,00, ISBN 3–89204–185–7, 400 pp., notes, bibliography)

JOURNALISTISCHE BERUFSORGANISATIONEN IN DEUTSCHLAND: VON DEN ANFÄNGEN BIS ZUR GRÜNDUNG DES REICHSVERBANDES DER DEUTSCHEN PRESSE / PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM ORGANIZATIONS IN GERMANY: FROM THE BEGINNINGS TO THE FOUNDATION OF THE IMPERIAL ASSOCIATION OF THE GERMAN PRESS by Ariane Brückmann (Köln: Böhlau “Medien in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Vol. 10,”; 1997—DM 48,00, ISBN 3–412–05597–2, 202 pp., notes, bibliography)

WEIMAR IM BLICK DER USA: AMERIKANISCHE AUSLANDSKORRE‐SPONDENTEN UND ÖFFENTLICHE MEINUNG ZWISCHEN PERZEPTION UND REALITAT / U.S. VIEWS OF WEIMAR: AMERICAN FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS AND PUBLIC OPINION BETWEEN PERCEPTION AND REALITY by Carmen Muller (Miinster: Lit “Studien zur Geschichte, Politik und Gesellschaft Nordamerikas, Vol.7,”; 1997—DM 59,80, ISBN 3–8258–3560‐x, 514 pp., photos, notes, bibliography, index)

WIE BENUTZE ICH DEN FERNSPRECHER? DIE ANLEITUNGEN ZUM TELE‐FONIEREN IM BERLINER TELEFONBUCH 1881–1996/97 / HOW TO USE THE TELEPHONE? INSTRUCTIONS IN TELEPHONING IN BERLIN TELEPHONE DIRECTORIES 1881–1996/97 by Clemens Schwender (Frankfurt: Lang “Technical Writing, Vol.4,”; 1997—DM 48,00, ISBN 3–631–31378–0, 341 pp., tables, charts, notes, bibliography)

DIE RHETORIK DER FILMSYNCHRONISATION: WIE AUSLÄNDISCHE SPIELFILME IN DEUTSCHLAND ZENSIERT, VERÄNDERT UND GESEHEN WERDEN / THE RHETORIC OF FILM DUBBING: HOW FOREIGN FEATURE FILMS ARE CENSORED, CHANGED AND SEEN IN GERMANY by Guido Marc Pruys (Tübingen: Narr “Medienbibliothek, Serie B: Studien, Vol.14,”; 1997—DM 68,00, ISBN 3–8233–4283–5, 227 pp., notes, bibliography)     

The loudness of side‐tone∗

"Communication” is examined as a cultural term whose meaning is problematic in selected instances of American speech about interpersonal life. An ethnographic study, focusing on analysis of several cultural “texts,” reveals that in the discourse examined here, “communication” refers, to close, supportive, flexible speech, which functions as the “work” necessary to self‐definition and interpersonal bonding. “Communication,” thus defined, is shown to find its place in a “communication” ritual, the structure of which is delineated. The use of the definition formulated, and of the ideational context which surrounds it, is illustrated in an analysis of a recurring public drama, the “communication” theme shows on the Phil Donahue television program. Implications of the study are drawn for ethnography as a form of communication inquiry.     

Type of speech,sex of speaker,and sex of subject as factors influencing persuasion

Speeches that advocated “institutional”; norms were compared with speeches that did not, in conditions where male and female speakers were varied. Female speakers were more successful when they took a noninstitutional position, and male speakers were more successful when they took an institutional position. “Masculinity”; and “Femininity”; were not significant factors in any of the effects.     

Self‐report scales of communication apprehension and autonomic arousal (heart rate): A test of construct validity

Previous research has typically relied upon self‐report scales of communication apprehension without assessing construct validity. This study attempts to assess the construct validity of selected scales and the constructs “communication anxiety” and “communication fear.” The results indicate higher levels of physiological arousal increase for females. Only scales purporting to measure communication fear were able to predict an a priori product of communication apprehension autonomic arousal.