探索大学变革的理论：读《大学变革的逻辑》有感

本文是对宣勇教授所著<大学变革的逻辑>一书的书评."学科组织"是该书针对大学组织提出的一个核心概念,也是论证现实问题的逻辑起点和落脚点.笔者将该书的主要逻辑归纳为"学科组织理论",这一逻辑揭示了大学组织的一些本质属性.从理论范式的角度看,该理论具有应然和理性选择的特点,却难以解释具有实然以及制度约束特征的大学组织现象,这是改进此理论可以考虑的方面.受该书的启发,笔者提出了研究大学组织变革的几条思路:大学是受外部制度环境影响明显的组织.大学组织活动的复杂性,要求研究者采取复杂的思维方式.大学组织的基层学术活动,要着重处理好知识的分工与整合之间的关系.大学组织嵌入其特定的社会和历史背景中,需要研究大学组织与社会之间的互动关系.我国大学目前存在的主要问题是缺少独立性.     

Easing access for lifelong learners: a comparison of European models for university lifelong learning

Easing access to higher education (HE) for those engaging in lifelong learning has been a common policy objective across the European Union since the late 1990s. To reach this goal, the transition between vocational and academic routes must be simplified, but European countries are at different developmental stages. This article maps the development in Denmark, Finland, Germany and England using a case study approach deploying data triangulation from a national and institutional perspective. It explores the extent/commonality of structural factors for easing access for students engaging in lifelong learning. The cases are at widely different stages, but the following factors were considered essential in all countries for opening universities: the establishment of transition paths from secondary education and working life into HE and links between HE, businesses and adult education from a national perspective and the recognition of all forms of learning, the flexibilization of study formats and the design of a curriculum that suits all from an institutional perspective.     

Machine learning for human learners: opportunities,issues, tensions and threats

Educational technology research and development - Machine learning systems are infiltrating our lives and are beginning to become important in our education systems. This article, developed from a...     

University interpreting: linguistic issues for consideration

This study describes Auslan/English interpreters' use of translation style when interpreting for a university lecture. Some interpreters switched translation style, between free and literal methods of interpretation, as a linguistic strategy for dealing with the sociolinguistic influences of the discourse environment. In particular, attention was paid to the interpreters' educational background (and therefore their familiarity with academic discourse), the linguistic features and lexical density of the text, and their influences on the interpretation. The key finding of the study was that Auslan/English interpreters predominantly used a free or literal interpretation approach, but switched between translation styles at particular points of the text, leading to the suggestion of the concept of "translational contact." The findings of this study are not only significant in Australia but can also benefit interpreters and interpreter educators internationally.     

关于大学教学的若干问题思考

大学课程是学科专业教育的大课程,而不仅仅是大学教师所任科目的小课程;大学课程质量应该是包含日常课堂教学质量、学期学年质量、学级学届质量在内的系统大质量;大学课程管理应该是按大课程观、大教学观、大质量观要求来进行组织运行、质量评价的管理。所以,当代大学教学应树立大课程、大教学的观念,具有大效益的思想。     

Counseling and advisory service for adult learners: An Open University perspective

The nature of counselling and advisory services which the Open University offers its students and applicants is dictated by the fact that its students are learning at a distance, are adults, and are not engaged in full-time study. In addition, a policy of open entry means that while some students come from a background of higher education, others have few or no previous qualifications. These factors require the University to try to provide an individual service to its applicants and students whenever possible. In pursuit of this aim students are allocated to Tutor-Counsellors, part-time staff who are locally based and who have a continuing responsibility for the progress of individual students from their initial registration until graduation. These Tutor-Counsellors play a considerable part in determining the extent, nature, and timing of the resources with which the university can support an individual student. Tuition for higher level specialist courses is normally provided by tutors at a greater distance, with the Tutor-Counsellors continuing to provide local generalist support. The Open University has set up a regional infra-structure of full-time academic and administrative staff for the support, briefing, supervision, and organization of this local network of part-time staff.     

Validity Arguments for High-stakes Testing: In Search of the Evidence

What do we need to do to establish the validity of high-stakes testing programs? How can we move away from a “confirmationist” bias? What questions haven't we been asking that we need to ask?     

Fostering complex problem solving for diverse learners: engaging an ethos of intentionality toward equitable access

Complex problem solving is an effective means to engage students in disciplinary content while also furnishing critical non-cognitive and life skills. Despite increased adoption of complex problem-solving methods in K-12 classrooms today (e.g., case-, project-, or problem-based learning), we know little about how to make these approaches accessible to linguistically and culturally diverse (LCD) students. In this paper, we promote a conceptual framework, based on an ethos of intentionality, that supports culturally responsive teaching (CRT). We provide specific questions to guide teachers’ implementation of an ethos of intentionality, through critical reflection and meaningful action, and discuss a framework for culturally relevant practice that operationalizes key central tenets (e.g., high expectations, cultural competence, and critical consciousness). Finally, we include strategies that can help teachers and designers translate the principles of the CRT framework into action with a specific focus on complex problem solving in classrooms.

     

Globalisation and schooling: equity and access issues

This review essay focuses on the prominence given to globalisation and discourses of globalisation in education reforms and pedagogy, as well as the way conceptual thinking in this area has changed and developed, due to competing ideologies, forces of globalisation and political, economic and cultural transformations. It analyses and evaluates the shifts in methodological approaches to globalisation and its effects on education policy and pedagogy. It focuses on forces of globalisation, ideology, social inequality and implications for equity and access to quality education.     

大学新生教育的科学实施探索

大学生新生教育是大学生进入大学的第一堂课,对于大学生顺利开展四年大学学习生活有非常重要的指导作用,对于高校的教育管理工作也具有促进意义。高校要采用有别于高中阶段的教育方法,坚持"实用性、人性化、个性化"的原则,将新生教育分模块、分阶段、系统完整地开展新生教育,同时将新生教育纳入到大学生思想教育工作的全过程,为四年的学习生活打下良好基础。     

In Search of Uniform Standards for the Education System

The following statement on education and research has been excerpted from Chancellor Willy Brandt's Policy Statement to the Bundestag, January 18, 1973.     

ESL: In Search of an Identity

Abstract

This paper discusses students' perspectives of their experience of a competence based teacher training programme in Further Education. The students were Further Education lecturers who had to undergo a mandatory one year day release teacher training course if they did not satisfy certain criteria according to rules governing the Further Education sector in Northern Ireland. For the academic year beginning 1989, the University of Ulster introduced a competence based programme, bearing in mind the transformation taking place in Further Education as a result of the proposals of the National Council for Vocational Qualifications. This paper examines the experiences of the first cohort of student to undertake the competence based programme.

Qualitative methodology was used to collect the ‘data’ for this research. The research was carried out over one academic year. Analysis revealed four themes which became significant in developing an understanding of the students' experiences of the programme. The themes are discussed under the headings: i)'This was not what we expected'; ii) Experiencing a new role withing a new course, iii) Time management; and iv) Group relations. Examination of the themes highlights how the students' experiences on the programme changed as the year progressed. The findings of this research may provide some useful insights to those people who wish to develop other competence based programmes, as well as educators in general.     

猎头公司与大学校长遴选——美国大学的经验与启示

美国在猎头公司如何参与大学校长遴选方面积累了丰富的经验。猎头公司通过帮助校长遴选委员会拟定新任校长的素质要求和遴选标准、搜寻并邀请优秀的候选人参与遴选、搜集候选人背景信息并提供专业的判断、指导和组织面试、在遴选委员会与候选人之间扮演中间人的角色等方面参与大学校长的遴选。猎头公司的参与优缺点并存,中国大学校长选拔制度的改革可以借鉴美国大学的成功经验。     

In practice—Distance learners: Welcome to campus!

When Old Dominion University created a summer institute to allow adult distance learning students to enroll in accelerated on‐campus courses, typical college transition issues were, at first, left off the schedule. Over the years, the institute has evolved to provide these students with the same kind of personal and academic support needed by their traditional‐age peers.     

寻找叙事学变迁的内在逻辑

叙事学晚近的变化在一定程度上遮掩了结构主义研究方式的重要地位。本文从一篇被誉为叙事学“宣言”的文本入手,回溯叙事学的原初主张,探讨叙事学发展的内在逻辑。本文认为,结构分析帮助叙事学取得了突破性的进展,成为叙事学的主要方法之一。随着叙事的转向及对叙事认识的深入,结构分析的目标已由追求总体性转为承担指导性的作用。在全面展开的叙事研究中,结构分析仍是叙事研究的一种不可替代的方法。