The protasis of the great awakening in New England

Subjects differing in cognitive complexity formed impressions of another based on positive information about the other's work behavior and negative information about social behavior, or vice versa. Immediate impressions written to one context, and work‐ and social‐evaluation measures, reflected the valence of the information; general evaluative measures tended to neutrality. Impressions (written to the other context) and evaluations obtained two weeks later showed similar results. These results, in conjunction with those of subsidiary analyses involving Fishbein's attitude model, were interpreted as supporting a view of beliefs as substantive cognitions rather than as vacuous elements functioning only to contribute increments of affect.     

Rhetorical detailing in Cicero's Verrine orations

This article offers answers to three questions: Why, after his courtroom victory in the Verrine case, did Cicero publish his speech? What changes in his rhetorical theory are reflected in the speech? What principles of narrative suasion is Cicero using in the many stories he incorporates within the speech? The concept of rhetorical detailing is proposed as a key element in the probable answer to each question.     

Rhetorical sensitivity and social interaction

Contemporary attitudes toward communication can be viewed as two‐dimensional—expressive and instrumental. The argument of this article is that the instrumental, or as we would label it, the rhetorical approach, best promises to facilitate human understanding and to effect social cohesion. Five characteristics of rhetorical sensitivity are described. These are features which, if incorporated and operationalized in discourse, can help men make the most of social interactions. The rhetorically sensitive person (a) tries to accept role‐taking as part of the human condition, (b) attempts to avoid stylized verbal behavior, (c) is characteristically willing to undergo the strain of adaptation, (d) seeks to distinguish between all information and that information acceptable for communication, and (e) tries to understand that an idea can be rendered in multi‐form ways.     

程序修辞:游戏研究的修辞学范式

游戏如何在人们的欲望维度展现出巨大的魔力,又如何将程序系统"悬置"起来而为玩家创设一个看似自由的"幻想世界"?这些问题本质上涉及到游戏的修辞学问题。关于游戏的形式与结构,长期以来存在两种研究范式,分别是强调"表征"的叙事学(narratology)范式和强调"规则"的游戏学(ludology)范式。试图平息"叙事"与"规则"之争的"程序修辞"理论,则沿袭了修辞学传统的认识论和方法论,将"程序性"(procedurality)视为游戏的本质所在,并围绕"程序修辞"这一核心概念开启了游戏研究的修辞学范式。所谓程序修辞,主要是指通过对游戏规则及其符码表征体系的策略性设计,以达到既定游戏目的的修辞行为与实践。概括而言,修辞学范式下游戏研究的问题域主要体现在五个方面:修辞语言维度的程序修辞规则问题、修辞策略维度的程序修辞设计问题、修辞实践维度的程序修辞互动问题、修辞批评维度的程序修辞批判问题、修辞伦理维度的程序修辞道德问题。在程序修辞的知识结构中,游戏本质上体现为一个包含了游戏叙事、游戏规则和游戏玩家的"三体问题",而"三体"内部不同的主导结构、强弱关系或设计偏向揭示了三种不同的游戏机制。     

Rhetorical functions of the infestation metaphor in Hitler's rhetoric

After offering a metacritical commentary on the rhetorical and epistemological functions of metaphor, drawing on the work of Edwin Black and Susan Sontag, this essay examines Hitler's metaphorical characterizations of Jews as exogenous threats to the German national body.     

后殖民视角下的殖民传播

本文试图从传播学的视角研究殖民这一政治现象.在殖民定义的基础上推出殖民传播的概念,并对它的特征做出探索性的分析.作为殖民的主要方式,经济上的扩张主义、军事上的武力干涉、思想上的意识形态控制、传播上的时空秩序开拓,它们相互勾连,形成统一性的殖民体系.在后殖民的当下,殖民方式发生转型,赤裸裸的暴力殖民转向隐形的温柔暴力.换言之,资本主义以传播的方式达到殖民的目的,转型的前提是传播技术的发展使然,或许这正是后殖民时代的新殖民策略.     

Maya blue: its presence in cuban colonial wall paintings

Abstract

A blue pigment frequently found in Cuban colonial decorative wall paintings from about 1750 to 1860 has been identified with the aid of thin-layer chromatography, IR spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis as ‘Maya blue’. This is the first reported occurrence of Maya blue from a period after the conquest and in a non-Mayan cultural area.     

Intersections: Teaching Research Through a Rhetorical Lens

Use of a rhetorical framework provides an effective tool for teaching undergraduate students the research process. The authors, a reference librarian and a writing instructor, explore a teaching strategy (model) that has evolved through their work in an undergraduate writing course. The three-stage model introduces students to their field of research as eavesdropping on, then entering into, and finally engaging with an ongoing scholarly conversation.     

Visualizing the Rhetorical Presidency: Barack Obama in the Situation Room

On the night of May 1, 2011, almost 10 years after the 9/11 attacks, President Obama announced on live television that Osama bin Laden was dead. The next day, the Situation Room photograph was released, revealing a behind-the-scenes glimpse of how tense it was at the White House while the mission was underway. Building on previous scholarship about the rhetorical presidency and visual rhetoric, this essay analyzes how the photograph, combined with the context of Obama's speech the night of the raid, contributes to the increasingly visual aspect of the rhetorical presidency and creates an image of Obama as a strong commander in chief.     

数字资源长期保存研究在英国

介绍了英国的CAMiLEON、DPRM、CEDARS、FAIR 、MMP和E-PRINT等数个数字资源长期保存研究项目和数字保存联盟（DPC）、数字医疗中心（DCC）等研究机构。     

Cooperation strengthens small hospital libraries in a rural area of New England: a five-year experience.

Before 1970, library facilities and services at the small hospitals in rural Vermont were essentially nonexistent. Similar findings were later encountered along the Connecticut River in New Hampshire and in a small area of upstate New York. The Hospital Library Development Services program was established at the University of Vermont's Dana Medical Library to improve these conditions. Financial assistance was received from the National Library of Medicine, and by the end of 1974, thirty-three hospitals had staffed libraries. Earlier that year it has been decided to begin emphasing cooperation among the developing libraries, including the production of union lists and regular meetings of staff members from geographically proximate hospital libaries to plan and implement various activities. An additional one-year award from NLM was received in 1975. Results achieved during and after the period of grant support are reported. Cooperation among hospital libraries is seen as a feasible and beneficial undertaking provided that the participating libraries are internally supported and developing.     

电影《一个和八个》造型意象的修辞学分析

《一个和八个》是中国＂第五代＂电影的第一部影片,却是宣告了一个电影时代的开始,尤其是它在造型意象方面的＂标新立异＂,开创了中国电影的影像美学时代。它的造型美学创造,一是从不完整构图到完整构图,二是色彩蒙太奇及其情绪结构线,三是镜头运动处理方法,四是声音造型语言与环境主题,并不断地为以后＂第五代＂电影所反复演绎,成为＂第五代＂镜像语言的典型标识。     

Content and use of colonial archives: an under-researched issue

Namibians often find themselves in situations of litigation where they need person-related records to defend their rights and privileges. Such person-related records include birth, adoption, marriage, or divorce or deceased estates. It has been observed that the institution where such records should be expected, the National Archives of Namibia often cannot retrieve person-related records of persons previously classified as non-whites under colonial and apartheid laws. Many native Namibians end up losing property or have problems claiming their constitutional rights due to lack of evidence. The purpose of this paper was to explore whether the existing archival literature can guide National Archives of new and emerging African nations on how to handle challenges brought about by gaps in inherited colonial archives. Using a literature survey to explore the state of what is written on the content and usage of colonial archives in post-colonial era, this article argues that the content and use of colonial archives in Africa do not feature prominently in the literature of archival science. Although there has been a rising interest on the subject during the last decade, none of this emerging literature has systematically studied archives in depth with a view on what these archives contain for the non-academic user, what they neglect and what they lack altogether in serving the needs of all citizens in post-colonial states. It recommends that archival scholars as well as archival institutions increase research into this neglected area. Raising awareness may produce academic discourse to help archivists in newly decolonised countries to competently support users whose inquiries currently cannot be answered by the inherited colonial archives collections.