社会组织参与图书馆公共服务的模式与限度

社会组织参与图书馆公共服务供给对于满足公众文化需求、消除数字鸿沟和完善政府文化供给具有重要价值。为此,必须要创新社会组织参与图书馆公共服务供给的模式,着力构建政策参与、资源动员、项目合作、志愿服务和社区自助等多种模式。社会组织在图书馆公共文化服务供给方面具有独特优势,但由于受多种因素约束和自身特点所限,社会组织应该主要提供图书馆基础服务和个性化服务,这是社会组织参与图书馆公共服务供给的边界和限度。     

中国、泰国、尼泊尔贝叶经保护模式的对比研究

贝叶经分散保存于世界许多国家,对于这份珍贵的文献遗产,各国保存机构的保存方式和保护措施各不相同。中国、尼泊尔和泰国在过去的几十年时间里先后在贝叶经写本保护、缩微复制抢救、数字化利用等方面开展工作,形成了具有特色的保护方式。本文通过分析三个国家开展的在全球引起较大反响的贝叶经保护项目,对比其保护的任务、内容及成果等,归纳得出三种保护模式。文章在分析属地保护、属地保存+跨国合作保护、集中保存与保护三种模式特点的基础上,构建了面向利用的贝叶经保护体系。贝叶经保护的三种模式是不同时代、不同环境、不同文化背景的产物,数字化抢救、加强贝叶经信息资源的建设、构建利用共享平台是实现“藏”与“用”并重的重要举措。     

Communication in a community theater group: Managing multiple group roles

A bona fide group perspective emphasizes that group members are simultaneously members of multiple groups that compete for their time and commitment. Previous research has focused on group membership in work and home settings to the exclusion of membership in “third place”; or “life enrichment”; groups such as religious, community and social groups. This ethnographic study examines how members of a community theater group communicate to construct, maintain, and negotiate their roles in order to produce a theatrical performance while managing potential conflicts with their roles in other work, social, and family groups. The most significant findings suggest that members of this community theater group make a strong temporary commitment that prioritizes membership in the theater group over other group memberships for a short period of time until the production ends and commitments to other groups resume normal levels. Members manage to make this commitment and minimize potential conflicts resulting from roles in multiple groups by auditioning for the production only if they think conflicts will be minimal, by negotiating conflicts that exist prior to committing to the group, and by informing members of other groups of their temporary commitments. This allows them to focus on their group role in order to produce a successful theatrical production.     

The Benefits of Non-Library Professional Organization Membership for Liaison Librarians

Although liaison librarians have two important professional identities - librarian and subject specialist - the library literature has paid scant attention to their membership and participation in non-library professional organizations. This article analyzes a study of ten librarians who joined non-library associations and concludes that membership in such organizations has significant benefits.     

The open access scientific journal: an empirical study

The open access (OA) model for journals is compared to the open source principle for computer software. Since the early 1990s nearly 1,000 OA scientific journals have emerged – mostly as voluntary community efforts, although recently some professionally operating publishers have used author charges or institutional membership. This study of OA journals without author charges shows that their impact is still relatively small, but awareness of it is increasing. The average number of research articles per year is lower than for major scientific journals but the publication times are shorter.     

The use of ephemera with particular reference to blood and organ donation: a review of sources

相似文献   

Putting the Social in Software and Networking: An Editorial

This article offers a practical approach to locating and understanding unexpected sources of current information in industrial relations from four groups; non-profit, policy research associations; professional and trade associations; advocacy and lobby organizations; and private, profit-making agencies. These organizations are actively involved in sponsoring educational programs, updating standard news items, conducting surveys, plotting trends, stating policy concerns, reviewing legislation, and interpreting statistical data. Much of the important research and information generation in labor economics, benefits planning, affirmative action, human resources development, and other key areas can be traced to these organizations. A method for enriching collection development in industrial relations is offered, and a new reference strategy is suggested which emphasizes organizations rather than reference books as sources of information.     

Scholarly communication and open access: Perspectives from Korea

This article reports on scholarly communication and open access (OA) in Korea. Drawing on a range of databases, articles, and reference sources, it provides unique insights. In contrast to the UK/US model of scholarly communication, in Korea, most scholarly journals are published by discipline‐based scholarly societies and research institutes affiliated to universities. Payment for publication is the norm, and typically features article processing charges and scholarly society membership fees for both OA and toll access (TA) journals. Online access to journals in Korea is provided by commercial vendors who enter into contracts with the scholarly societies for exclusive use. Three online access models apply – TA, gold OA, and dual access – with the use of these models varying between disciplines. In parallel with this access provided by commercial vendors, there are a number of government‐funded open access repositories (OARs) to which university researchers are requested to deposit their research outputs, as well as OARs run by universities and other research institutes.     

Scholarly journal publishing in New Zealand

Learned societies and other non‐profit organizations in New Zealand publish scholarly journals in a number of disciplines, many of them subjects in which New Zealand has a particular economic interest. Although most of the journals are small, a surprising number of them have paid, rather than voluntary academic, editors. Some have launched electronic versions, but only one has experimented with open access (OA). In a number of cases this lack of interest in OA is because the society cannot see a business model that would render the society as a whole economically viable. Some of the smallest journals, published only annually, may have the most assured future because their operation is entirely voluntary.     

Perpetual development journalism? Balance and framing in the 2006 Singapore election coverage

This study sought to determine if Singapore's press model has evolved beyond the development model to take on characteristics of other press models. It examined balance and framing in election coverage in the Straits Times, Singapore's dominant English newspaper, over 16 days before the 2006 Singapore General Election. As expected under the development model, and contrary to expectations under the social responsibility model, we found coverage of the competing parties lacked balance, as indicated by more coverage with a more favorable tone for the ruling People's Action Party. In framing, we found game frames predominated over issue frames, as predicted by media intrusion theory, in which commercial media favor competitive aspects of campaigns as a result of following commercial journalistic values. This finding contradicts the expectation that development journalism would likely have more issue frames, since it emphasizes issues and policies, and suggests that some commercial journalistic imperatives outweigh development model imperatives in the Singapore press.     

国外公共数字文化资源整合管理体制模式及其适用性研究

[目的/意义] 针对我国公共数字文化资源整合在合作管理方面存在的问题,对国外公共数字文化整合项目进行调查,探讨国外公共数字文化资源整合管理体制模式及特点,为我国公共数字文化资源整合管理体制的改善提供参考。[方法/过程] 运用文献调查、网络调查等方法,对欧美发达国家公共数字文化资源整合项目进行调查分析,归纳其管理体制模式,分析其对于我国的适用性。[结果/结论] 根据调查结果,将国外公共数字文化资源整合管理体制概括为以政府机构为主导的多类型机构参与模式、跨机构专门性组织的综合持续管理模式、以成员自发组织的局部单位管理模式、基于共同项目成立的跨地域组织联盟模式以及合作机构全面结合模式等5种主要模式。结合我国国情发现,部分模式在我国具有一定的适用性,能够改善我国公共数字文化资源整合管理过程中出现的问题,进一步促进公共文化资源的有效利用和广泛共享。     

Challenging Assumptions Underlying the Metamorphosis Phase: Ethnographic Analysis of Metamorphosis Within an Unemployment Organization

Organizational communication scholars have grappled with assimilation processes and expanded the theoretical conceptualization of each phase. This article joins in conversation with organizational communication scholars by identifying and problematizing the assumption that reaching metamorphosis is always a positive experience. Through the ethnographic analysis of empirical data collected from an unemployment support organization, the author argues that being an established organizational member is sometimes counter to organizational objectives. While traditional organizations attempt to maintain and grow their membership, some alternative organizational formats aim to minimize membership. This premise challenges the assumption that achieving metamorphosis is always a desirable state of organizational membership. Furthermore, this study reveals how communication changes when it is undesirable for service recipients to reach metamorphosis.     

Developing health website quality assessment guidelines for the voluntary sector: outcomes from the Judge Project

Background: This paper describes the Judge project, the aim of which was to explore the need for health website quality assessment guidelines for the voluntary sector. Such guidelines would enable health consumers to assess the quality of health sites and assist support groups to produce their own good quality sites. The project was a partnership between the Information Management Research Institute, School of Informatics, Northumbria University and Contact a Family. It was supported by the Health Foundation. Methods: The views of health consumers and support group members and workers were obtained by focus groups (35 attendees) and questionnaires (55 responses). They were asked questions about quality issues and concerns about Internet health information and any help they needed with judging the quality of health websites. Results: The results supported the need for guidelines. The guidelines were written to reflect the requirements of health consumers and support groups articulated from the focus group and questionnaire data. They were then disseminated via a website. Conclusions: There is a need to improve communication and information exchange between health consumers and professionals and official organizations; publicise support groups to patients and carers; set up local Webs of Trust, linking together voluntary and statutory organizations within a locality. Professionals and official organizations in the public sector should make information provision to patients and health consumers a priority. Information provision should be embedded in the clinical setting via guidelines, protocols and administrative structures. Professionals should be trained in the role of information and how to provide it in appropriate ways. Support groups should use the Judge guidelines to assist them in producing good quality websites. Support groups should promote the Judge guidelines to health consumers, to help them make their own quality judgement about health‐information websites.     

Diffusion of Hedonic Goods: A Literature Review

The consumption of hedonic goods, such as movies or books, involves multisensory, fantasy, and emotive aspects. Hedonic products are often consumed because of symbolic motives. As experience products, hedonic goods involve a high consumption risk for consumers; furthermore, suppliers of hedonic goods face significant competition. Because of these characteristics, hedonic goods have unique diffusion patterns. To provide an overview of these patterns, this article summarizes the current state of research regarding the diffusion of hedonic goods, assesses existing proposed models, and provides guidelines regarding estimating diffusion models. Furthermore, this article explains the influences of special product characteristics on diffusion processes. Results show that flexible diffusion models outperform the well-known Bass model, although the optimal modeling approach differs according to the product. Whereas the diffusion of movies nicely fits Gamma models, the diffusion of music requires more flexible models, such as logistic hazard or mixed Weibull.     

论新闻采写课程实践与义工活动的结合

义工活动的宗旨与公共新闻学的理念相合,本身具有新闻价值,能够培养学生新闻采访写作的核心品质,要使二者结合,应该重组新闻采写课程,与本土义工组织的合作,在义工活动中进行"参与性"报道。     

The dimensions of library service quality: A confirmatory factor analysis of the LibQUAL + instrument

The LibQUAL + instrument has been widely adopted by libraries to evaluate user perceptions of library service quality. Studies combining groups (e.g., Lane et al., 2012) have shown high correlations between two factors, suggesting the possibility that a two-factor model may fit as well as the three-factor model theorized by the developers. Also, previous studies have not closely examined residuals to analyze local misfit in the context of theory but instead have often correlated error terms to improve model fit. This study uses LibQUAL + responses from undergraduates at a public, comprehensive university to test three-factor, two-factor, and one-factor models of user perceptions of library service quality. Global fit indices indicated that both two-factor and three-factor models were empirically supported, but the three-factor model had better theoretical support. Furthermore, this article adds to the literature the unique perspective of residual analysis and builds theoretical arguments in the interpretation of the final model. Areas of local misfit suggest the need for independent studies to examine residuals. If areas of misfit repeat across institutional populations, that could suggest the potential for further instrument development, while if areas of misfit are unique to institutional populations, this could target areas for institutions to investigate more closely.     

Effective Management of Museums in the 1990s

A survey of thirty-three museums of various kinds in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States sought to identify the features distinguishing the more effective organizations as assessed by independent experts. Staff at each museum responded to a questionnaire about features common to all organizations as well as some particular to museums. Teamwork, a concern for quality, and an emphasis on public programming are common to effective museums. Executive leadership champions a vision, models appropriate behavior, and works together effectively. Board members use their skills and knowledge to advance the organization's mission. There is a concern for quality, shared goals, good communication, respect for the contribution of others, attention to training, strategic allocation of resources, and an integrated, flexible, and responsive structure. Public programming emphasizes strategic approaches to achieving positive outcomes for visitors, including provision of a variety of learning strategies.     

Communication,Uncertainty, and Volunteer Membership

Approximately 25% of Americans volunteer annually (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011). As organizational members, they face uncertainty concerning their roles, their relationships, and their organizations (Kramer, 2004). Volunteers likely face different uncertainty management issues than employees who have been the focus of most previous research. Volunteers have a different psychological contract and different motivations than employees (Rousseau, 1990). This study examined issues of uncertainty management of volunteer members in a particular setting, a community choir. In particular, it found that supervisor and peer communication and other internal factors, such as more preparation time and less difficult tasks, were associated with higher levels of certainty for members of a community choir. In addition, higher levels of certainty and additional external factors such as family support for participation and lack of conflicts were associated with higher levels of satisfaction and identification and a greater willingness to recruit for the organization. Results have implications for improving communication to increase volunteers' certainty and increasing their voluntary participation in organizations.     

科研实体名称规范的关联数据模型构建

[目的/意义]旨在研究将国家科技图书文献中心(National Science and Technology Library,NSTL)的科研实体名称规范数据发布为关联数据的难点——关联数据的数据模型。科研实体名称规范数据的数据模型研究,有助于NSTL科研实体数据的共享、互联、质量提升,融入到互联网中,同时也为其他机构使用、发布关联数据提供模型参考。[方法/过程]首先,分析比较国内外关联数据发布项目中所采用的数据模型,发现关联数据发布项目中的数据模型主要分为以Schema.org为核心和多种标准词表组合两类;结合NSTL名称规范数据的特点,设计两种形式的关联数据模型,并从关联数据模型对名称规范数据的表达程度、模型复杂度等角度进行比较,选择较优方案;最后以D2RQ为工具进行实验,将NSTL名称规范的样例数据发布为关联数据。[结果/结论]分析发现两种方案中以Schema.org为核心标准词表的方案相对于多种标准词表组合的方案有较优的表达完整度、较低的模型复杂度,更易于融入互联网,因此更适合作为NSTL名称规范数据的关联数据模型。