对美国新闻教育职业化的思考

美国的新闻教育最为明显的特征即职业化,“职业化”也就是所培养出来的人才能够最大限度地满足新闻实务的需要。但是,“职业化”的思想却是深刻的。在以前,人们将职业教育等同于技能训练．但通过一系列对于美国新闻教育的研究,我们发现在美国新闻教育的职业化思想中包含有三个因素：技能训练、新闻专业主义精神和学术性。本文详细探讨了三种要素的定义和它们各自的发展背景,以及三个要素之间的关系。     

格林斯潘经济学:当今美国高等教育危机的根源

本文详尽分析了格林斯潘经济学对美国高等教育的影响,指出在格林斯潘经济学指导下,以市场为导向的美国高等教育在缺乏国家监管的情况下,产生了学院资本主义、贷款学生和私有化进程.这一进程将使美国高等教育产生严重的危机,而这一危机的始作俑者就是格林斯潘经济学.     

美国发展网络远程高等教育的举措

介绍了美国政府为充分发挥网络技术在教育中的功能，加速高等教育的普及，实现终身学习的理想，而制定的鼓励网络远程高等教育的措施。     

美国高校捐款募集的系统考证

美国高等教育经费来源多样化,特别是著名私立大学没有政府拨款而实现办学规模、规格、质量、效益与经费投入的良性循环,“募捐”成为办学经费的重要组成部分,且呈递增态势。本文以芝加哥大学（私立研究型大学）为例,对美国高校捐款募集的现状、历史及其运作方式加以系统考证,并就如何有效借鉴提出若干建议。     

From Curriculum to Activism: a graduate degree program in literacy to develop teachers as leaders for equity through action research

This article presents findings from a 2-year reflexive action research study of a cohort-based Master's degree program in literacy for practicing teachers. Questions revolved around whether and how the program brought about changes in candidates' conceptions about literacy, expertise in literacy, and leadership/activist skills to foster equity in their classrooms and schools. Faculty used data from action research to make cyclical changes to the program each semester. Data sources included candidate interviews, e-mail correspondence, course notes, classroom observations, questionnaires and a survey. The candidates own evolving action research projects within their schools also became data sources. A qualitative analysis suggests that the program was generally successful in meeting its goals. The elements of the program contributing to its success were: the evolving program design based on action research data; the collegiality of the cohort; broadening conceptions of literacy; learning action research; and developing leadership skills. Factors contributing to factors around which candidates failed to meet these goals are also explored.     

当前美国高等教育面临的挑战及其政策动向

当前,高等教育存在的问题导致美国在很多领域中的领先地位受到挑战。这些问题和挑战主要是,大学新生入学准备不足;政府教育经费减少,教育规模扩张带来的矛盾;高等教育竞争力减弱等。基于此,美国联邦政府提出《美国竞争力计划》,教育部相继提出了《领导力的考验：规划高等教育未来》《美国高等教育行动计划》,试图通过这些计划的实施来迎接这些挑战,解决这些问题。     

美国联邦政府建设一流大学的政策分析

二战以来美国陆续涌现出一批世界一流大学,这并非完全是大学自然发展的结果,还有美国政府,特别是联邦政府,出于美国国家利益而采取的政策扶植与介入.美国建设一流大学的时间段主要集中于1941-1971的30年间,以1960年的<西博格报告>为标志,可划分为前后两个阶段,在两个阶段中,联邦政府均发挥重要作用.联邦政府首先通过科技政策间接地扶持了一流大学的出现,继而采取专项资助的方法帮助一批大学实现跨越式发展.美国政府长期稳定的高等教育发展战略,不同阶段具体政策的运作方式及其经验教训值得我们思考和借鉴.     

“从经验中学习”:涵义、价值与高职教育的操作策略

在职业教育教学中进行"从经验中学习",有利于学生掌握工作过程知识,有利于提高学生自主学习的能力,有利于增加学生的就业机会。当前在我国高职院校开展"从经验中学习",还存在着将工作过程知识理解为简单的操作性经验,学生所学内容缺乏工作知识含量等方面问题。高职院校应深度挖掘工作过程知识,开发课程与教学内容;开发与设计学习型实训场所与岗位;建立专兼职相结合的教师"实践共同体",实现培养学生综合职业能力的目的。     

An assessment of the effectiveness of a classroom activity designed to teach the value of lifelong learning

Many agree that educational systems should instill in students the value of lifelong learning (LLL), but few have suggested how to accomplish that or how to measure the effectiveness of those curricular initiatives. We developed a technique intended to strengthen students' beliefs about the value of LLL and piloted use of a recently developed scale to assess changes in commitment to LLL. Using a quasi-experimental procedure, we presented students with faculty members’ career biographies describing their personal career paths, including how they learned from their experiences and how they had to adapt and adjust to changing circumstances. To assess beliefs about LLL, students completed Bath and Smith's Propensity for Lifelong Learning (PLLL) scale. We found that students who listened to career biographies had significantly stronger beliefs regarding the value of LLL than the students who were not exposed to the career biographies. We concluded that listening to career biographies strengthened commitment to LLL and that the PLLL scale is a useful outcome measure of this commitment. We discussed limitations and future directions of our method and measurement instrument.     

美国创建高等教育强国的历史经验及其启示

美国在创建高等教育强国的过程中积累了丰富的经验:经济持续快速地发展为美国高等教育的发展提供了沃土和动力;美国政府始终把优先发展高等教育当作立国之本,充分调动当地民众和社会团体兴办高等教育的积极性;善于向高等教育发达国家学习,并能根据本国的具体实际大胆创新;充分发挥高等教育机构办学的自主权,强调高等教育的多元化发展。我国改革高等教育要认真学习和借鉴美国创建高等教育强国的历史经验,为我国高等教育改革与发展创造良好的外部环境,要引导我国高等教育机构加强与高等教育发达国家的交流,建立和完善我国高等教育法律法规制度,从而促使我国高等教育机构在法律法规的指导下自主办学。     

欧美教育合作新举措--EC/US计划的内容、特点及启示

本文介绍欧洲共同体与美国高等教育、职业教育与培训合作(2001-2005)计划的目的和具体目标及该计划的大体内容,分析了其中的主要特点以及对我国高等教育改革的启示.     

高职旅游管理专业体验式教学法探讨

高职旅游管理是一个实践性与应用性较强的专业,与传统的教学法相比,体验式教学法更注重将理论与实践结合。通过体验式教学法在旅游管理专业的推应用,表明体验式教学法更能突出教学过程中的学生主体性,增强专业学习的主动性和积极性。     

A qualitative investigation of student engagement in a flipped classroom

The flipped classroom is gaining acceptance in higher education as an alternative to more traditional methods of teaching. In the current study, twelve students in a Norwegian higher education institution were in-depth interviewed about their learning experiences in a two-semester long mathematics course. The first semester was taught using flipped classroom and the second semester using lectures, where both teaching modes contained a substantial amount of active learning. Overall, students report a more positive learning experience and higher engagement in the flipped classroom. The analysis revealed seven categories that the students highlight as especially conducive to their learning; commitment to peers, being recognized, feeling safe, instructor relationship, physical learning environment, learning with peers and using videos to learn new content. The results indicate that the affective dimension of student engagement is particularly prominent when students reflect upon learning in the flipped classroom.     

Learning about the past: exploring the opportunities and challenges of using an outdoor learning approach

This paper examines the potential of outdoor learning for supporting children’s understanding of and attitude towards history. A class of primary school children participated in an intensive experiential, residential history programme. A range of data was collected before, during and after the residential programme, and the findings suggest that the experience had a positive impact on the children’s attitude towards history and enabled many of the children to be able to easily recall highly specific factual knowledge. However, the children’s understanding of history as a provisional construct was not developed, as it was not a strong feature of the programme. Nor was the experiential nature of the experience fully exploited. Overall the study suggests that such a programme has the potential to support children’s learning of the past, but a deeper understanding of history, drawing on the benefits of outdoor learning pedagogy, needs to be planned for more explicitly.     

美国区域高等教育联盟的现状与特征

区域高等教育联盟在美国的存在与发展已近百年。作为一种以州为基本单位的高校合作实体,美国区域高等教育联盟的使命由高等教育资源的分享延伸到近年来对知识区域的塑造,故其目标与功能日趋多样化。美国区域高等教育联盟多属于自愿结盟,推行理事会的治理,具备稳定与多元的经费来源。相对于跨州的、全国性的高等教育联盟,区域高等教育联盟的基本特征在于其地缘邻近性与成员学校构成的异质化、较高程度的内部合作性与组织融合性、联盟与区域之间的密切互动性。     

经济危机背景下美国高等教育财政政策的调整及其启示

面对经济危机给公立高校造成的经费困境,美国联邦政府积极调整高等教育财政政策,通过加大高等教育投入、改进高校学生财政资助政策、加大对高校基础科研和科技创新的经费拨款、推动以职业教育为导向的两年制学院发展等措施,美国的高等教育取得了长足的发展。在我国正式颁布《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》,并着手制定＂十二五＂教育规划的过程中,我国的高等教育财政政策应借鉴＂他山之石＂,作出战略性、前瞻性的部署。     

Work placement experience: should I stay or should I go?

The opportunity to experience work placements that complement taught and practical courses in higher education has become a central strand of many undergraduate degree programmes. While there is tacit agreement that such placements are a good thing, in recent years the numbers of students opting for work placements has been declining. This paper uses a mixed method research design to probe the learning outcomes, attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate students who choose not to go on a work placement. Findings highlight some areas of concern that could be considered by institutions of higher education working to enhance good practice in students’ work placement experiences.     

美国高等教育认可制度的演变、结构及权力

美国高等教育认可制度起源于非政府的、自律性的对教育认证机构的约束和规制活动。二战后联邦政府通过立法介入高等教育认可领域,美国高等教育领域由此形成了两条并行的高等教育认可制度。在不同的价值传统和功能目标下,两种认可制度之间既有合作支持也有权力冲突。代表高等教育自治理想的"自治性认可权力"与代表政府管理职能的"他治性认可权力"相互作用,此消彼长,影响了美国高等教育质量保证的走向。20世纪末公共问责运动的兴起,为现有高等教育认可制度的"二元"结构注入了新的影响力量。