好教师的伦理实现——基于教师发展的重要维度

教师发展的根本是人的发展,是整体性发展。专业伦理混沌是教师发展的危机之一。好教师的伦理实现应当观照如下方面:专业伦理作为教师知识的组成部分,是教师专业情感与价值观的重要内容;专业自主决策是教师发展过程中伦理实践的基本特征;职场体验反思是教师专业伦理养成的内在要求;教师教育课程的"伦理"关注是实现教师发展的条件所在;好的专业生活体现了教师伦理实践智慧的生成。     

课程伦理及其现实困境

课程伦理是一种应用性的伦理,存在于课程实施的各个环节,体现教育伦理的精神,也是专业伦理在课程领域的体现,旨在为课程价值的实现服务。基础教育课程改革也存在相应的伦理要求。然而,受文化价值、教师素质等方面的影响,教师的课程权力、义务以及教师在课程中的角色并未得到广泛认同,课程伦理在事实上表现出一定的相对性,这也体现出课程伦理现实性与理想性的统一,继而体现出课程伦理的适宜性。     

新形势下教师教育人才培养体系的构建

在社会主义市场经济体制初步确立、人民群众对高质量教育呼声越来越高、基础教育课程改革稳步推进的历史背景下,教师教育传统的人才培养体系的弊端愈加凸显,构建教师教育科学合理的人才培养体系势在必行.构建适应形势发展需要的教师教育人才培养体系,必须从构建科学的课程体系、实践教学体系、校校合作育人体系、校园教育教学和文化活动一体化育人体系、师德教育理论和实践一体化体系几个关键环节入手.     

Teacher education futures: compliance,critique, or compromise? A UK perspective

The construct of the ‘good teacher’ has teacher knowledge as a fundamental component; but teacher knowledge is contested. Policy makers offer one version, articulated through such documents as Teachers’ Standards. However, it might be argued that this version of teacher knowledge, largely defined by national curriculum and assessment demands, does not constitute the whole of what teacher knowledge might encompass. Using a card sort research approach, this article explores what teachers say about teacher knowledge, and the implications this might have for the future of teacher education. How might the development of ‘good teachers’ be impacted in the light of these findings?     

Teaching care ethics: conceptual understandings and stories for learning

An ethic of care acknowledges the centrality of the role of caring relationships in moral education. Care ethics requires a conception of ‘care’ that differs from the quotidian use of the word. In order to teach care ethics more effectively, this article discusses four interrelated ways that teachers’ understandings of care differ from care ethics: (1) conflating the term of reference ‘care’ with its quotidian use; (2) overlooking the challenge of developing caring relationships; (3) tending toward monocultural understandings of care; and (4) separating affect and intellect. Awareness of these conceptions of care supports teacher educators to teach care ethics in more meaningful and relevant ways. We explore stories and their dramatization as a medium to facilitate effective and in-depth teaching of care ethics.     

Perceptions,challenges and coping strategies of science teachers in teaching socioscientific issues: A systematic review

Science education in recent years has increasingly emphasized the connections between knowledge and matters of social importance. Socioscientific issues (SSIs)—complex, often controversial issues linked to the development of science and technology—are widely recognized as a valuable arena for the school curriculum to foster students’ scientific literacy. This paper reviews the research literature on how science teachers teach socioscientific issues with 25 empirical studies published between 2004 and 2019. The results show that teachers generally hold a partially informed understanding of SSI-based teaching. Multifarious challenges facing teachers in teaching SSIs are mainly at the teacher, student, and policy levels. However, our findings suggest that teachers lack explicit strategies to cope with these challenges and that SSI-based teaching should not rely on individual teachers alone. We argue for more support for teachers to improve the quality of their implementation of SSIs. This review has implications for education policymakers, teacher educators, school leaders, and teachers to respond to the challenges facing teachers in teaching SSIs collaboratively. Potential directions for further research are also discussed.     

‘Should I stay or should I go?’: unpacking teacher attrition/retention as an educational issue

The paper starts from the observation that teacher attrition/retention seems to be a wicked issue: it seems to have strong face validity and a commonsense meaning, but the literature doesn’t provide a clear and distinctive definition. In the first section, the author analyzes the different ways in which the issue of teacher attrition and retention is problematized—in general and educationally—as the basis for a definition: as an educational issue, teacher attrition and retention refers to the need to prevent good teachers from leaving the job for the wrong reasons. Arguing that teacher attrition/retention constitutes both a problem and a challenge, he continues in the second part of the article foregrounding several lessons learned from the research on teacher attrition. A first lesson is related to the central role of social relationships and teachers’ need for social recognition as well as sense of belonging. Secondly, the impact of performativity policies on teacher attrition is discussed. A final lesson looks at teacher attrition and retention from the perspective of career and teachers’ work lives. The conclusion section outlines an agenda for teacher education, teacher induction, and school development to positively deal with the challenge to keep the good teachers in teaching.     

美国绩效标准本位教师教育课程理念与实践探析

美国绩效标准本位教师教育课程理念与实践的变革体现为四个维度:教师观,强调教师是从事复杂工作的专业者;知识观,认为教学知识是复杂的情景化知识;教学观,倡导教学要基于情境,以学生为中心展开;评价观,主张教学评价要注重个体发展和整体质量。美国教师教育相关院校和机构依据上述理念,基于自身特点选择并调适相应的教师教育标准,对教师的职责、教学理论及评价方式等进行多方面改革探索,实践中改革者在各维度所做的改变和尝试可为我国教师教育课程标准的优化和教师教育课程的构建与实施提供启示。     

Teacher ethics as a research problem: syntheses achieved and new issues

Research on teacher ethics and the moral dimensions of teaching has contributed to extensive and valuable knowledge, which has sometimes led to constructive syntheses of positions. Four research problems which have been elucidated are discussed in this article: the relationship between care and justice, the conflict between the ethics of virtue and the ethics of rules, the relationship between moral education and professional ethics and what is morally significant in the teaching profession. Furthermore, an invitation to renew the discussion and formulate the next generation of research problems is made. Two issues are proposed. First, to answer the question why is it so difficult to be a morally good teacher and, second, teachers’ moral responsibility for the content taught.     

高中数学教师对新课程适应性的调查研究——以山东省某市一所高中为个案

目前,高中数学教师对新课程的基本理念普遍认同、教师的教育观念有所转化、教师的教学行为有所改进等;部分教师存在消极心理、教师自身素质缺失、教师感觉工作负担加重等.影响教师适应新课程的主要因素是:教师自身因素;教师评价体制因素;教材因素;教师培训因素.据此提出如下建议:教师应增强自我调节意识,主动适应新课改;建立科学合理的教师评价机制;不断修订完善教材;完善教师培训和校本教研机制.     

美国教师教育改革新趋势对中国的启示

美国奥巴马政府执政以来,增加联邦教育经费,招募教师和吸引人才,进一步提高学生学业标准并奖励优秀教师,出台了一系列对美国的教师教育发展产生深刻影响的教育革新计划。美国大学在通识教育、培养模式、教学实习、教师资格等方面的改革举措有:在教师教育课程方面,更加注重多学科知识基础;在培养模式上更加多元化;延长教育实习期,完善实习专业标准;严格教师资格认定标准,建立考试体系。美国教师教育改革的经验和创新措施,对我国的启示主要有以下四点:建立和完善国家教师教育课程标准,强化教师综合素质提升;完善教育实习顶层制度设计,建立国家级教师教育实习基地;健全和完善国家评定标准,把好教师准入关;完善多层级的专业发展模式,建立教师资格证书进阶制。     

Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the Internet and online courses: the case of an American Pacific Island University

Offerings of online courses continue to increase in higher education settings, as institutions attempt to meet students’ (and faculty members’) increasing demands for online access. How do pre-service teachers perceive online education? This paper reports the results of a questionnaire-based survey addressing this issue. The questionnaire focused on the degree to which teacher candidates consider the Internet useful for coursework, and their level of preparedness for taking online courses. The participants were pre-service teachers (N = 237) enrolled in education foundation courses at the University of Guam. This paper discusses educational implications of the results, and makes recommendations for future research. The results from this study may guide teacher education and its efforts to optimise online courses and, at the same time, support the University’s commitment to ensure that teacher education prepares its pre-service teachers to apply and integrate technology in their own future teaching.     

新加坡“精神”取向的教师教育课程改革述评

近年来,为提升教师教育的质量,特别是帮助教师形成独特的教学思想,新加坡开展了一系列的教师教育课程改革,其主旨是关注教师的“精神”养成.与以往的技术和实践取向明显不同, “精神”取向的教师教育课程并不是仅仅帮助师范生成为一个精通教育程序、方法和技能的教育者,而是要懂得怎样使学生获得心灵的成长与精神的陶冶,并且在学习中积极鼓励与促进学生的自主学习.新加坡的“精神”取向的教师教育课程改革关注以下几点:首先,帮助教师理解新的时代、新的学习环境,从而逐步形成具有挑战力的精神.其次,帮助教师不断形成良好的人文伦理精神与高尚的道德品质.第三,帮助教师逐步形成教育的专业信念与人文精神.     

Sensing as an ethical dimension of teacher professionality

The purpose of this article is to theoretically discuss how teacher professionality, as an aspect of teacher professionalism, can be understood in relation to the notion of sensing within the ethics of alterity and the ethics of dissensus, both of which express a desire to contest the various forms of violence in society. Subsequently, in this case the conceptualisation of sensing can be regarded as highly important for introducing a relatively new dimension into the field of teacher professionality and, as such, the nuancing of teachers’ professional judgements. The results suggest that the notion of sensing in teachers’ judgements: (1) troubles given categories; (2) highlights the vulnerability of educational relationships; (3) leads to unlimited responsibilities amongst teachers; and (4) obliges teachers to constantly re-evaluate their sensed judgements for the sake of others.     

幼儿园卓越教师的专业特质与培养路径

新时代呼唤高品质学前教育,而高品质的学前教育需以幼儿园卓越教师的培养为前提。卓越教师是指能够将专业的精神和科学严谨的态度贯穿于教育教学的全过程,同时具备良好的教学技能与研究性思维,能够形成个人独特的教育思想的复合型、领军型教师。在实践中,卓越教师的专业特质可表征为崇高师德的践行者、课程开发与实施的引领者、创新思维能力的养成者以及独具个人教育思想的教育者这四重角色。卓越教师的培养路径为:以文化理念为核心,塑造教师职业发展的共同愿景;以平台建设为依托,形成教师自主发展的专业共同体;以园本研修为支撑,构建五位一体的教师专业发展体系。     

Against the Unchallenged Discourse of Homelessness: Examining the Views of Early Childhood Preservice Teachers

Abstract

Because of the link between teacher training and higher‐quality classroom practice, early childhood researchers and professional organizations have placed an increasing emphasis on all early childhood teachers—including those in early care and education (ECE) settings—obtaining a minimum of a Bachelor's degree as part of their professional development. Given the differing licensure requirements for ECE teachers, the variety of settings early childhood teachers work in, and the creativity needed to respond to the changing roles teachers play in those settings, however, this paper offers an additional perspective that is sometimes left out of the discussion regarding what teachers need: that of the early childhood practitioner. Using conversations with both a certified, public school teacher and a non‐certified teacher in a private ECE setting in New Jersey, this article reports on these teachers’ professional development experiences, as well as the implications of their experiences for future considerations of what teachers need in order to enhance their growth as educators.     

学生评价师德的数据分析与建议——以湖北省某地方高校为例

通过对湖北省某地方高校学生评价师德的数据统计分析发现,学生对教师师德表现整体评价较高,但对教师在关爱学生方面的评价和对青年教师的评价较低;学生年级、学生性别、专业类别、教师职称等因素对于学生的评价结果有显著影响,而教师性别、教师年龄、教师学位、评价人数、教师是否属于本学院等因素对于学生的评价结果并没有显著影响.加强和改进师德师风建设,要进一步完善评价机制,加强师德教育,强化青年教师的培养.     

高等院校师德建设刍议

新时期进一步加强高校师德建设,是深入落实江泽民同志以德治国重要思想的迫切需要,是建设高素质教师队伍的迫切需要。近年来,高校师德建设卓有成效,但是也存在敬业意识淡薄、价值观念和行为准则偏离教师正道、精力投入不够等问题。因此,必须从加强制度建设、开展师德教育、进行人本管理、完善奖惩机制等方面加以改进,以不断提高教师的师德水准,全面推进素质教育。