高中学困生的成因分析及转化策略

笔者所在的广州市第四十一中学的生源属于广州市第四或第五组生源,学生入学成绩偏低,面对高考的压力,不少学生产生诸多学业上的不适应和心理困扰。这些心理困扰主要表现在三三个方面：一是初、高中思维转型期学业适应问题的心理困扰：二是学习成绩“大分化”的心理困扰：三是高考升学面临的心理困扰。     

影响民办学校学生成绩的若干因素的研究

对影响民办学校学生成绩的若干因素进行了研究,得出影响民办学校(特定区域和生源等背景下的)学生成绩的主要因素依次为:师生情感距离方面的困扰、交谈方面的困扰、意志力、考试效果与动机协调问题、学习动机太弱、学习态度和学习方法问题、师生关系中教学过程方面的困扰、考试焦虑、在校心理适应能力、考试心理控制能力、同学关系中的与异性朋友的交往困扰等.     

高职学生学习心理困扰的表现、产生原因与调适方法

高职院校的人才培养目标是培养应用型、技能型的人才,是介于白领与蓝领之间的“灰领”。这种应用型、技能型人才培养目标决定了高职院校的学生是一种特殊的群体,学生在学习方法、学习途径、学习目的、学习内容等方面不同于以往。因此,作为高职院校教师,指导学生采用恰当的学习方法,明确学习目的,调节学生学习心理,激发学生的学习热情,有效的开展研究性学习和进行创新学习是十分必要的,这也是优化学习心理的过程。本文主要研究高职学生学习心理困扰的情况,导致学习心理困扰的原因及调适学习心理困扰的方法。在研究中遵循客观性、发展性及系统…     

人际关系困扰对大学生心理和谐的影响调查与分析

本文从心理和谐与人际关系困扰的研究入手,调研两者之间的关系,发现人际关系困扰中性别与专业的差异显著,心理和谐中性别、年级、生源类别、专业差异显著,人际关系困扰中的人际交谈、待人接物对大学生心理和谐均具有正向预测作用。最后探讨以大学生人际关系困扰为切入点,促进学生心理和谐的可能措施。     

高职学生顶岗实习阶段心理问题与对策——基于文秘专业学生典型个案的分析

顶岗实习阶段,面对工作环境、角色身份与管理方式等的巨大变化,学生心理状态复杂多变,普遍存在失落、迷茫、无助等心理问题和情绪障碍。笔者以文秘专业顶岗实习中学生心理状态情况调查为例,运用实际个案分析顶岗实习过程中学生存在的主要心理困扰,并从学校与企业、学生家长、学生本人层面提出顶岗实习阶段学生心理调适的对策。     

运用图式理论,克服听力障碍

在听力方面,困扰非英语专业学生的问题主要有心理焦虑、理解片面、记忆障碍。本文对此作了分析,并提出了解决方法,即运用图式理论,激活学生对所听材料的已有图式,缓解学生心理焦虑,整体理解所听语篇,提高学生的听力记忆。     

大学生性与恋爱心理困扰团体辅导方法与效果研究

目的:探索大学生性与恋爱心理困扰的团体辅导方法与效果.方法:在本科大学生中筛选有明显的性与恋爱心理困扰的22名学生作为实验组,22名同质大学生作为对照组.用设计的"排解爱与性的困惑"团体心理辅导方案,对实验组进行了干预.结果:相关测试与调查显示,实验组和对照组有显著差异和变化.结论:团体心理辅导对性与恋爱心理困扰的大学生有明显的干预效果,"排解爱与性的困惑"团体心理辅导方案有应用的价值.     

大学生心理健康状况发展趋势的分析——以浙江农林大学为例

对某高校以往四年SCL-90、EPQA学生心理测试数据检验进行比较分析,表明大学生整体心理健康水平明显提高,人格特征以外向活泼为主流,存在严重心理症状学生比例稳定,主要心理困扰由外在转向内在。     

高职院校学生人际交往中的心理问题策略研究

当前高职院校的学生在人际交往方面存在着一定的障碍和心理困扰,影响了日常生活及其心理健康。本文就高职院校学生人际交往方面存在的问题、原因进行了分析,并提出了一系列相应的对策,希望能够为高职院校学生克服人际交往方面的心理困扰提供指导。     

体育锻炼对学生心理障碍的调节

一、学生中常见的心理障碍及成因分析 心理障碍是指由不良刺激引起的心理功能失调,主要反映为一个人在发展和适应上的困难,包括多种适应不良的心理与行为表现。学生常见的心理障碍有：神经病类症状、人格障碍及其他心理困扰。神经症是指一组有大脑功能轻度障碍的疾病的总称。     

Education and psychological distress in adolescence and mid-life: Do private schools make a difference?

This article extends the evidence base on childhood circumstances, education and psychological distress. We examine the link between childhood advantage and disadvantage, the type of school attended during adolescence and psychological distress at ages 16 and 42. The analysis uses a large, population-based birth cohort study, the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) (n = 17,198) using a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. More advantaged young people were more likely to attend private schools, but we find no evidence for an effect of private schooling on psychological distress for men, and for women there was an association between private schooling and raised psychological distress at age 16. Having a university degree was associated with a modest reduction in psychological distress in mid-life. We establish that maternal psychological distress at age 10 was a risk factor for the offspring’s psychological distress both in adolescence and in mid-life, and adolescent psychological distress predicts psychological distress in mid-life. We conclude that schools which are academically successful do not necessarily provide wider benefits in terms of mental health.     

Length of Residence,Cultural Adjustment Difficulties,and Psychological Distress Symptoms in Asian and Latin American International College Students

The authors examined cultural adjustment and psychological distress issues in 190 Asian and Latin American international college students. Findings revealed that Latin American students reported higher levels of psychological distress than did their Asian peers. Moreover, length of residence in the U.S. was negatively associated with psychological distress symptoms, and acculturative distress and intercultural competence concerns were positively related to psychological distress in both groups. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Relationship between Africentric Worldview and Psychological Distress among Ghanaian Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability

This study examined the relationship between an Africentric worldview and psychological distress among 55 Ghanaian mothers of children with intellectual disability. The study hypothesized the protective effects of an Africentric worldview on psychological distress, and their association with parenting stress. Results showed that an Africentric worldview was negatively associated with psychological distress and parenting stress, and that parenting stress was positively related to psychological distress. Further hierarchical regression analysis showed that an Africentric worldview did not moderate the relationship between parenting stress and psychological distress. However, parenting stress mediated the relationship between an Africentric worldview and psychological distress. These findings reveal the positive influence of an Africentric worldview on psychological functioning of mothers of children with intellectual disability. Additionally, the findings underscore the need to develop culturally relevant interventions to help improve the well-being of mothers of children with intellectual disability. Implications for clinical and counselling practice are discussed.     

Differential responsiveness to a parenting intervention for mothers in substance abuse treatment

This study examines the relationship between levels of psychological distress in substance-dependent mothers and their differential response to a dyadic parent–child intervention. A sample of 66 mothers who were receiving treatment for substance abuse, as well as a simultaneous parenting intervention, were interviewed pre and post-treatment on measures of psychological distress, adult and child trauma history, parental reflective functioning, and child social–emotional development. Additionally, clinicians provided assessments of the parent–child relationships. As anticipated, trauma histories for mothers and children, children's social emotional development, and parental reflective functioning were associated with aspects of maternal psychological distress. Kruskal–Wallis and subsequent Wilcoxson signed rank tests revealed that women with highest levels of baseline psychological distress showed significant improvements in psychological functioning post-treatment while women with moderately elevated levels of psychological distress did not. Women who were most distressed at baseline showed increased levels of parental reflective functioning post-treatment while women with moderate and lower levels of baseline psychological distress showed improvements on clinician-rated assessments of parent–child relationships. Chi Square analyses showed that parents who endorsed the highest levels of distress at baseline reported that their children's risk status regarding social–emotional development decreased post-treatment. Despite similarities in substance dependence, mothers in this sample had different needs and outcomes in the context of this parenting intervention due to variation in mental health. Given this variation, parenting interventions for substance-dependent mothers need to account for the individual differences in levels of psychological distress.     

Mediating and moderating role of attributional style in the association between victimisation and wellbeing

This study examined whether attributional style for negative events plays a mediating or moderating role in the association between victimisation by bullying and psychological distress in young adults. A total of 127 undergraduate students completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire, a newly developed Victimisation and Bullying Inventory and the Psychological Distress subscale from the Mental Health Inventory. As expected, the tendency to attribute negative events to internal, stable and global causes predicted higher psychological distress. There was also a positive association between extent of victimisation and psychological distress. Although attributional style did not mediate in this relationship, there was evidence of moderation. Individuals with more negative attributional styles showed a clear association between victimisation and psychological distress, while those with less negative styles showed no association. These results suggest that a tendency towards a negative attributional style may increase the risk of psychological distress in victims of bullying.     

Psychological distress in grandmother kinship care providers: the role of resources, social support, and physical health

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate predictors of psychological distress in grandmother kinship care providers. More specifically, it was hypothesized that social support, family resources, and physical health would predict psychological distress in grandmothers raising grandchildren. METHOD: One hundred and two grandmothers raising grandchildren in parent-absent homes completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, Short Health Form-36, Family Resource Scale, Family Support Scale, and a questionnaire requesting background and demographic data. RESULTS: Results indicated that psychological distress was predicted by family resources, participants' physical health, and to a lesser extent, social support. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that family resources, social support, and physical health affected psychological distress in grandmothers raising grandchildren. Grandmothers who reported fewer resources, less social support, and poorer physical health tended to experience higher levels of psychological distress. This study suggests that greater attention be given to interventions aimed to decrease psychological distress and improve the financial resources and physical health of grandmothers raising grandchildren.     

Racial Identity and Psychological Symptoms Among African Americans Attending a Historically Black University

Previous research found racial identity predictive of psychological distress among African American students at predominantly White colleges. This study examined these relationships among 154 African American undergraduates attending a historically Black university. Racial identity was independent of psychological distress, suggesting that African American students' racial identity predicts psychological distress only in settings in which they are the minority.     

Psychological distress and help seeking amongst higher education students: findings from a mixed method study of undergraduate nursing/midwifery and teacher education students in Ireland

Psychological distress as experienced by higher education students is of major concern because of its potential to adversely impact academic performance, retention, mental health and lifestyle. This paper reports a mixed method investigation of student self-reported psychological distress and help-seeking behaviour. The sample comprised all students (n?=?1557) registered on undergraduate nursing/midwifery and teacher education programmes at an Irish university. Participants (n?=?1112) completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) to determine their self-reported psychological distress and the Lifestyle Behaviour Questionnaire to examine sources of distress, lifestyle and demographic variables. Individual interviews (n?=?59) explored student experiences of psychological distress and their help-seeking behaviours. Forty two percent of respondents exceeded the GHQ threshold ≥5, which signifies risk of mental or physical health problems. Sources of distress included academic, financial and psychosocial stressors. Regression analysis identified that demographic, programmatic and lifestyle variables predicted GHQ scores. Despite the distress experienced, students were reluctant users of support services. Many actively avoided seeking help. These findings raise serious concerns about the extent of psychological distress among this population. They also alert education providers to be vigilant for student psychological distress and to provide effective interventions, cognisant of the impact of stigma on help seeking.     

Childhood risk factors for alcohol abuse and psychological distress among adult lesbians

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationships between childhood and family background variables, including sexual and physical abuse, and subsequent alcohol abuse and psychological distress in adult lesbians. METHODOLOGY: Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate relationships between childhood sexual and physical abuse and parenting variables and latent measures of lifetime alcohol abuse and psychological distress in a large community-based sample of lesbians. RESULTS: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) directly predicted lifetime alcohol abuse, and childhood physical abuse (CPA) directly predicted lifetime psychological distress. In addition, CSA indirectly increased the risk of lifetime alcohol abuse through its negative effect on age at first heterosexual intercourse. Childhood physical abuse had only indirect effects on lifetime alcohol abuse through its strong relationship to lifetime psychological distress. Parental drinking problems and parental strictness directly predicted lifetime psychological distress; parental drinking problems indirectly predicted lifetime alcohol abuse through the mediators of age of drinking onset and lifetime psychological distress. White lesbians, younger lesbians, and those with lower levels of education were at greatest risk of psychological distress. CONCLUSION: While the cross-sectional design precludes causal conclusions, study findings--especially those related to CSA--are consistent with previous research on predominantly heterosexual women in the general population. Lesbians who experienced CSA were at heightened risk of lifetime alcohol abuse and those who experienced CPA were at heightened risk of lifetime psychological distress relative to lesbians without abuse histories. Given the dearth of research on childhood abuse and sexual orientation, studies are needed that examine the similarities and differences between lesbians' and heterosexual women's experiences of, and responses to, childhood abuse.     

准备活动类型和强度对高校女生主观运动体验影响的研究

章的目的是研究运动类型和强度对高校女生主观感受的影响。研究结果表明：运动后，游戏组的积极良好状态、心理苦恼和疲劳都无显性差异。循环练习组的积极良心状态有高度显性差异，疲劳有显性差异，心理苦恼无显性差异。广播体操组的积极良好状态有高度显性差异，心理苦恼和疲劳无显性差异。多元方差分析结果显示出显的活动类型主效应和高度显的时间主效应，但没有活动类型时间交互作用。单变量的方差分析表明，组内运动前、后的积极良好状态存在高度显性差异、心理苦恼有显性差异，疲劳比较无显性差异。组间积极良好状态无显性差异，心理苦恼有高度显性差异，疲劳有显性差异。经Bonferroni多重比较显示，循环练习组与广播体操组的心理苦恼平均值有高度显性差异，其它各组两两无显性差异；游戏组疲劳平均值有显性差异，循环练习组与广播体操组的疲劳平均值有显性差异，其他组无显性差异。