Madrasa education in South Asia and Southeast Asia: current issues and debates

Madaris (plural of madrasa) face a multitude of challenges in preparing students for life in rapidly modernising societies and emerging globalised knowledge economies. The complexity of the role and tasks of madaris, which are caught in the interface of modernity and tradition, the challenges they face, and the strategies they develop to address these challenges, suggest the need for a very cautious approach when attaining a clear picture of madrasa education and making conclusive statements about them. The literature has contributed more to confusion than clarity about the number of madaris, their rationale, purpose, pedagogy, curricula, funding, administration, relations with the state, and global violence. This paper presents an account of current debates of madrasa education and reform focusing on madaris within the diverse Sunni schools of thought and denominations located across South Asia and Southeast Asia. Based on an extensive review and analysis of over 90 articles, an overview of madrasa education and an examination of the issues and challenges facing Islamic schools that struggle to uphold tradition, and those that have begun to embrace modernisation and integration in the global process of change is given. The extent that some Islamic education systems are willing to collaborate with non-Muslims and in the process potentially enrich their circle of interest while engaging with the rest of the world in dialogue offers promising glimpses and a sense of hope for religious-based education in Muslim communities in the 21st century.     

Going upstream: the experiences of women in leadership in Myanmar

This study conducted an appreciative investigation of the experiences of Myanmar women in leadership. Specifically, the focus was on what sustains them, how they negotiate the complexity of their context, and what propels them. Drawn from the experiences of three Myanmar women leaders, the findings indicated that ‘their formal and informal learning’, ‘the influence of their female role models’, and ‘their religion’ were the most important aspects shaping their leadership. The philosophy of Buddhism appeared to be an important factor in their leadership formation and practices, either as a strengthening or limiting factor. This study suggests that to enhance Myanmar women’s increased participation in leadership positions, encouraging continuous learning, visible acknowledgement of female role models, and cultural change are necessary.     

昆明建设面向东南亚、南亚国际化教育中心城市之基本构想

把昆明建设为面向东南亚、南亚的国际化教育中心城市具有重要的长远战略意义。而借鉴新加坡在国际教育领域的管理模式、经验以及“新加坡教育”的国际品牌效应,积极开展中新合作,建设一个不拘泥于硬件及地理限制的网络式概念的国际教育园区,是实现这一战略的有效途径。其次,在投融资思路上,可采用多元化、多渠道的投融资策略与模式,借鉴他国（如日本）先进的融资经验,从而进一步推进昆明国际化教育中心城市的建设。     

试论面向东南亚南亚就业的汉语国际教育硕士课程设置

笔者以汉语国际教育硕士的就业为出发点,以桥头堡战略背景之下面向东南亚、南亚就业为着眼点,对云南高校汉语同际教育硕士专业的课程设置进行研究,以期促进该专业学生面向东南亚、南亚就业。     

东南亚国家私立高等教育政策比较

东南亚国家的私立高等教育政策基本上反映了当今世界各国对私立高等教育的态度和认识。我国在国情上与东南亚国家有相似之处。比较东南亚国家的私立高等教育政策 ,吸取其经验和教训 ,国家应进一步大力支持和鼓励民办高等教育发展 ;应尽快为民办高等教育立法 ;应对民办高校给予资助 ;应加强对民办高等教育质量的监控。     

The political economy of higher education in the era of neoliberal globalization: Latin America in comparative perspective

During the last two decades, Latin American universities have experienced intense pressure to abandon the main principles established in the 1918 Córdoba Reform (i.e., autonomy and autarchy). While funding for public higher education has declined, they are pressured to relinquish a large portion of institutional autonomy in order to accommodate to market demands and to a new set of control strategies emanating from the state.We argue that current changes in Latin American higher education cannot be examined in isolation from larger political and economic changes in the region, which in turn are related to the dynamics of globalization. After the decline of socialist and welfare-state models, neoliberal regimes have become hegemonic in many parts of the world. In most countries, changes in financial arrangements, coupled with accountability mechanisms, have forced universities to reconsider their social missions, academic priorities and organizational structures. Concerns about equity, accessibility, autonomy or the contribution of higher education to social transformation, which were prevalent during previous decades, have been overshadowed by concerns about excellence, efficiency, expenditures and rates of return. The notion that higher education is primarily a citizens right and a social investment – which has been taken for granted for many decades – is being seriously challenged by a neoliberal agenda that places extreme faith in the market.Though we focus on the international dimension of university change, it is important to note that global trends are promoted, resisted and negotiated differently in each national context and in each individual institution. In the emerging knowledge-based society, the polarization between North and South is expected to increase even further if the scientific and technological gaps are not narrowed. Latin American universities have a crucial role to play in this regard. The paper is organized in two parts. The first describes the context of university change, focusing on issues of globalization and neoliberalism. The second examines the main features of university restructuring in comparative perspective, with a particular focus on Latin America.     

东南亚与南亚:两种不同的均势格局

东南亚与南亚地缘政治格局的最大特点在于均势 ,均势通常指国家间权力分配大体均等的一种态势。均势有两种 ,大国竞争型均势格局和直接对抗型均势格局 ,分别以东南亚与南亚为代表。形成原因是两个地区在地理、历史、现实和各国自身政策选择这四点因素的不同。这两种均势格局在今后一段时间内仍会继续。中国在这两类均势格局中 ,应以和平共处五项原则为基础 ,结合自身战略利益 ,积极扮演“参与者”与“旁观者”的角色。     

Valid knowledge: the economy and the academy

The future of Western universities as public institutions is the subject of extensive continuing debate, underpinned by the issue of what constitutes valid knowledge. Where in the past only propositional knowledge codified by academics was considered valid, in the new economy enabled by information and communications technology, the procedural knowledge of expertise has become a key commodity, and the acquisition of this expertise is increasingly seen as a priority by intending university students. Universities have traditionally proved adaptable to changing circumstances, but there is little evidence to date of their success in accommodating to the scale and unprecedented pace of change of the Knowledge Economy or to the new vocationally-oriented demands of their course clients. And in addition to these external factors, internal ones are now at work. Recent developments in eLearning have enabled the infiltration of commercial providers who are cherry-picking the most lucrative subject areas. The prospect is of a fracturing higher education system, with the less adaptable universities consigned to a shrinking public-funded sector supporting less vocationally saleable courses, and the more enterprising universities developing commercial partnerships in eLearning and knowledge transfer. This paper analyses pressures upon universities, their attempts to adapt to changing circumstances, and the institutional transformations which may result. It is concluded that a diversity of partnerships will emerge for the capture and transfer of knowledge, combining expertise from the economy with the conceptual frameworks of the academy.     

浅议党委领导下的校长负责制

党委领导下的校长负责制是集体领导与首长负责相结合的管理体制,其中党委对重大决策负责,书记对决策过程和形式负责,校长对决定的执行和结果负责。要进行正确的制度和程序设计,既保证党委集体领导,又保证校长独立行使职权。     

亚洲高等教育国际化发展评略

亚洲高等教育国际化受到全球化的双重影响。一方面,高等教育国际化的西方模式极大地规范和推动了亚洲高等教育国际化的发展水平,提升了其全球竞争力;另一方面,西方标准在亚洲的认同和普及理所当然地＂再殖民化＂了亚洲的高等教育,这是亚洲不得不付出的代价。而亚洲的出路在于通过整合西方模式和自身的优势创造出符合自身发展的高等教育国际化＂制式＂。     

Positioning higher education for the knowledge based economy

This article questions the assumption that increasing competition among higher education institutions is the best method of achieving a strong higher education sector in developing countries. It notes that there has been increasing emphasis on the importance of higher education institutions for sustainable development, particularly because of their importance to the global knowledge economy. For the same reason, the appropriate management of the relationship between the state and higher education institutions is vital to a strong and dynamic future for these institutions. This paper proposes a menu of options for higher education governance, grouped around ‘state-centric’ and ‘neo-liberal’ models of development. The ‘state-centric’ model proposed is based on a variety of examples of high performing Asian economies, in particular, while the ‘neo-liberal’ model is based on emerging trends in higher education management in countries such as Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom. The paper suggests that despite pressure across the globe to encourage a market among universities, this may not always be the most efficient use of resources, or the best way to integrate universities in a country’s drive for economic growth.     

黄兴与南洋华侨

在辛亥革命史上,研究孙中山与华侨的章很多,而研究黄兴与华侨的章却未见,其实,黄兴在1906－1911年发动粤、桂、滇6次起义,与南洋华侨有密切的联系。黄兴为革命四下南洋,南洋华侨从经济、人力、善后安置工作三方面对革命作出了巨大贡献,黄兴对南洋华侨所作贡献作出了高度评价。     

根据地干部教育史研究旨趣

“干部教育”是我国从根据地时期开始的特殊历史条件的产物。根据地“干部”及“干部教育”的概念,一向以党务干部、政府干部和军队干部为主要对象。干部教育以政治、军事为主,兼顾文化教育与业务教育。这种教育传统对现行的干部教育产生了重要影响。     

知识经济与高等教育的相关性探析

探讨知识经济与高等教育的相互关系,是知识经济条件下高等教育改革与发展的理论前提。高等教育的逻辑起点是知识,其中包括高新科技知识,这是高等教育与知识经济联系的纽带。从教育的外部关系规律来看,知识经济引导和推动高等教育的改革与发展,高等教育的改革与发展又促进知识经济的发展,两者存在互动性;从教育的内部关系规律来看,高等教育的育人活动需要知识经济的物质保障,知识经济实现可持续发展需要高等教育育人活动的精神保证,两者存在互补性。     

南非高等教育变革及其主要成效

民主新南非高等教育发展的最显著的特征是广泛而深入的变革.本文依据南非高等教育变革政策的演进逻辑和指向将整个变革历程划分为三个阶段,介绍了各阶段的主要政策活动和变革动议,总结了南非高等教育变革在管理体制、办学体制、结构与规模、教育公平和效率等方面取得的主要成效.     

Learning to become graduate students: Japanese women's experience in the research unit in engineering

Based on the analysis of 16 interviews with women first-year master's students at two national engineering schools in Japan, this article examines the socialisation role of compulsory undergraduate research experience in Japanese women's decisions to pursue graduate education and choices of the programme. The findings suggest that research experiences in a small independent research unit within the major department convinced Japanese women engineering students of their academic and social success as graduate students in the current environment. Although participants generally adapted themselves to the research unit through their research, there is a variation in the degree to which they were smoothly integrated into the research unit, reflecting organisational and individual differences.     

Understanding leadership experiences: the need for story sharing and feminist literature as a survival manual for leadership

This paper uses an auto‐ethnographic storytelling approach to connect an individual’s experience in leadership with the literature on women in leadership as a way of further exposing and understanding gendered organisational practices. Whilst the paper details only one women’s experience it was through the connection to the literature that most ‘sense making’ occurred and a realisation (on the part of one of the authors) that the experience was not unique or individualised but, rather, systematic of masculine, gendered, organisational cultures. The paper offers some ‘strategies for survival’ for other women who may find themselves in similar situations. It concludes with a call for programmes and strategies to bring about fundamental change. Although the setting is the higher education sector in Australia the paper’s findings and recommendations have much broader applicability.     

Reviewing affective,behavioural and cognitive learning gains in higher education

The notion of learning gains has increasingly become apparent within the higher education literature and is gaining traction in government policies in the US and UK, reflecting a desire to “quantify” the impact of university study and teaching excellence in particular. Given the increased policy focus on learning gains, it is essential that researchers and policy makers are informed about common used approaches to measure learning gains, and their expected range and magnitude. Therefore, a systematic literature search was undertaken. 52 studies (n?=?41,009) were coded into affective, behavioural and/or cognitive learning gains. The review found a rich but diverse variety of adopted methodologies and approaches to “measure” affective, behavioural and cognitive (ABC) learning gains. Nonetheless, there is a lack of consistency in the ways in which learning gains are currently measured and reported. These inconsistencies and limitations hamper effective comparisons of learning gains and teaching excellence. We recommend a greater emphasis on longitudinal measurement of learning gains using validated approaches.     

韩国私立高等教育发展的特点

1945年韩国光复之后,韩国高等教育特别是私立高等教育迅猛发展,取得令人瞩目的成果,并形成具有韩国特色的私立高等教育体系。韩国私立高等教育享有国、公立大学一样的法律地位,成为韩国高等教育的重要组成部分。韩国私立高等教育不仅规模大,而且其质量可与国、公立大学媲美。     

新经济的兴起和远程高等教育的机遇

新经济的实质是知识经济，它改变着社会经济结构和社会生活，对社会成员提出了更新知识的客观要求。目前是现代远程高等教育发展的最好时期，广播电视大学面临着所未有的挑战。