Hurry Up,Please. It's Time—State of Emergency

This article explores the ethics of preservation, both as they have been traditionally established and as they might apply to current and future digital preservation efforts. The first part of the article reviews the literature of the past two decades to see how the preservation community has defined the ethical dimensions of its work, as well as developed guidelines to support an ethical practice. The second part considers digital preservation and the ways it both extends and complicates established ethical tenets. Digital preservation challenges the library community to revisit fundamental preservation practices and responsibilities. Our ability to come to consensus on these issues will be critical for the public's continued trust in our roles as stewards of the cultural record.     

科学普及及其伦理立场

科普存在学术内涵和政策内涵。随着科学技术的加速发展和广泛应用,科普的需求普遍增长,在社会发展中的地位明显提升,出现了普及内容前移、传播手段现代化、参与主体多元化等新特点与新挑战,科普也面临着一系列新的伦理问题,这就要求对科普工作应该确立何种伦理立场进行深入思考。本研究基于对科普的学术内涵和政策内涵的辨析,结合当代科普的新特点分析其面临的伦理问题,从功利论、义务论、契约论、德性论等提出科普应坚持的伦理立场,提出将负责任的科普从倡议落实到行动的建议。     

原生数字资源的信息伦理问题

以博客、网络论坛、BBS等为代表的原生数字资源作为网络信息资源的组成部分,其重要性日益受到关注。本文就原生数字资源的信息伦理问题,分别从信息产权、信息获取权、信息隐私权和信息精确度四个方面进行了阐述,并重点探讨了原生数字资源的保存权问题。     

Research on Intellectual Property Issues of Long-term Preservation of Digital Resources in Institutional Repositories

Because of its commitment to keeping the digital contents accessible, institutional repository plays an important role in the long-term preservation of intellectual output of the institution. However, digital preservation in institutional repository is faced with severe legal issues, especially the intellectual property problems. This paper focuses on the copyright issues involved with long-term preservation of digital resource in institutional repositories. It begins with a brief introduction to the relationship between the institutional repository and digital preservation. Based on this background information, the paper analyzes the related laws and regulations in China that affect the long-term preservation of digital resource in institutional repository. Then the authors discuss in details what kind of the copyright risk there may be, if we realize the long-term preservation of digital resource in institutional repositories. There may be different legal hazards, according to the various types of the digital output collected by institutional repository. The paper ends up with several suggestions to avoid the legal risk in digital preservation of institutional repository. Firstly, to utilize fair use is a feasible way. Secondly, also most safely, is to get the permission from the copyright owner. This is involved in the long-term preservation contract and open license.     

Public sector readiness for digital preservation in New Zealand: The rate of adoption of an innovation in records management practices

Recent legislation in New Zealand has placed statutory obligations on its government organizations to introduce sound records management practices and to ensure long-term access to their digital records. To obtain a base level of knowledge on current digital preservation practices and on awareness of digital preservation issues, an online survey was conducted of the nation's government organizations in March 2006. The survey, which achieved a response rate of 42.4%, found that most organizations were knowledgeable about basic aspects of their digital resources but their awareness of digital preservation was generally low, and digital preservation activity was modest overall. To identify possible reasons for this situation, Rogers' (Diffusion of innovations. 5th ed. New York: Free Press. 2003) Diffusion of Innovations model is used to discuss digital preservation as an innovation and the level of readiness for digital preservation as the innovation's rate of adoption. The paper concludes by using Rogers' model as the basis for making recommendations aimed at helping the government's lead agencies to increase New Zealand's public sector readiness for digital preservation.     

Preservation in New York State Public Libraries

The issues facing New York State public libraries regarding preservation of materials are discussed. Much research has been conducted regarding preservation in research and academic libraries, but very little in the public library sector. The researchers examined what has been written in terms of the history, preservation methods, control of the library environment, education, organization, and government involvement. In order to evaluate current trends and attitudes of these libraries towards the preservation issue, researchers mailed questionnaires to the directors of the central libraries of the New York Stale public library systems. Responses were analyzed, conclusions drawn, and recommendations made regarding the preservation problems facing these libraries.     

公众对科技伦理相关事件的理解与讨论——基于中外比较的事例研究

科技的飞速发展对人类社会和环境产生深远影响,科技与伦理之间的张力也愈发受到关注。科技伦理事件时有发生,相关议题引发热议。在我国,科技伦理事件的参与者主要是科技、科普领域相关专业人员。对比中外科技伦理事件中公众的理解与参与程度,可知我国公众对科技伦理事件的理解与参与仍需加强,可从伦理意识的提升和面向大众传播科学两个方面加以改善。     

10种中华医学会系列杂志处理医学伦理问题的调查及分析

为了解我国医学期刊论文中处理医学伦理问题的现状,查阅了10种中华医学会系列杂志2009年发表的涉及人体的研究论文,以及这10种期刊稿约中关于医学伦理方面的要求,结果不是很满意。认为作者、审稿人和编辑应认识到科研要符合医学伦理,医学论文中对此要有所说明。这些要求是符合国际规范和要求的,是人类文明的体现。     

数字资源长期保存模式比较

图书馆购买数字资源的长期保存涉及法律、技术、管理、经济等多方面复杂问题,到目前为止,并没找到切实有效的方式,而是在运行不同的存档模式。本文试图通过对国外两个比较成功的数字资源长期保存模式的比较,寻找最佳实践经验。     

Popular Illustration

Susan E. Meyer's America's Great Illustrators (New York: Harry Abrams, 1978—$35.00)

Donald Walton's A Rockwell Portrait: An Intimate Biography (Kansas City: Sheed, Andrews & McMeel, 1978—$12.95)

William Hillcourt's Norman Rockwell's World of Scouting (New York: Harry Abrams, 1977—$17.95)

Leonard S. Marcus' The American Store Window (New York: Whitney Library of Design/ Watson-Guptill, 1978—$25.00)

J.C. Cooper's An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Traditional Symbols (New York: Thames and Hudson, 1978— $14.95)

Cathy Guisewite's The Cathy Chronicles (Kansas City: Sheed, Andrews & McMeel, 1978—$12.95/7.95)

Frank Lohan's Pen and Ink Techniques (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1978—$5.95)

Allen Hurlburt's The Grid: A Modular System for the Design and Production of Newspapers, Magazines, and Books (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1978—$16.95)

Edward Booth-Clibborn, ed. European Illustration 78/79 (New York: Hastings House, 1978— $47.50)

Ken Kesey's Sorcercers: A Collection of Fantasy Art (New York: Ballantine, 1978—$7.95, paper)

Rock Art: The Golden Age of Record Album Covers (New York: Ballantine, 1977—$8.95, paper)

David Sandison's Rockvisions: The Art of David Oxtoby (New York: Dutton, 1978—$8.95, paper)

Byron Preiss, ed. The Illustrated Roger Zelazny (New York: Baronet Publishing Co., 1978—$8.95, paper)

Ian Summers, ed. Tomorrow and Beyond: Masterpieces of Science Fiction Art (New York: Workman Publishing Co., 1978—$19.95/9.95)

Jose Pierre's An Illustrated Dictionary of Pop Art (London: Eyre Methuen/Woodbury, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series, 1977—$3.95, paper)

Gene Baro's Graphicstudio U.S.F.: An Experiment in Art and Education (Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Museum, 1978—price not given, paper)

Joni K. Miller & Lowry Thompson's The Rubber Stamp Album (New York: Workman Publishing Co., 1978—$12.50/6.95)     

Challenges of an Interactive Environment in the Context of Developing Countries in sub-Saharan Africa

The paper discusses the state of the interactive environment in the context of developing countries and relates this to the library and information service (LIS) professionals' ethos on freedom of information. It highlights the role of LIS professionals in adaptive integration of the concept of “leap-frogging,” in support of the struggle for equal access to information for citizens. Drawing from the literature of developed countries, the paper then focuses on ethical issues to which LIS professionals in developing countries need to be sensitized. It encompasses freedom of information, copyright and privacy of information. It concludes by recognizing the need for the reinforcement of education on ethical issues for LIS professionals in developing countries and the role of library associations in sensitization efforts.     

Challenges of an Interactive Environment in the Context of Developing Countries in sub-Saharan Africa

The paper discusses the state of the interactive environment in the context of developing countries and relates this to the library and information service (LIS) professionals' ethos on freedom of information. It highlights the role of LIS professionals in adaptive integration of the concept of “leap-frogging,” in support of the struggle for equal access to information for citizens. Drawing from the literature of developed countries, the paper then focuses on ethical issues to which LIS professionals in developing countries need to be sensitized. It encompasses freedom of information, copyright and privacy of information. It concludes by recognizing the need for the reinforcement of education on ethical issues for LIS professionals in developing countries and the role of library associations in sensitization efforts.     

国外档案管理伦理问题研究述评

由于国情、思维、视角等主客观因素的影响,国外学者对于档案管理伦理问题的研究虽然起步较早,但比较分散,有关此类问题的研究常见于不同学科、不同主题的文章中。为了尽可能全面地反映出国外档案管理伦理问题研究现状,本文选择了10个收录社会科学期刊较全的外文数据库,以及亚马逊与另外两大档案专著较多网上书城,分别以4种组合检索词的方法,针对不同数据库选用不同的检索方式。根据检索结果分析国外档案学者从档案管理伦理问题研究之初直至现阶段的主要内容与特点。     

The Challenges of Archiving Digital Information

This paper examines the need for re-evaluating archival principles and practices. Opportunities created to enhance and enrich archival work and difficulties of archiving digital information, because of its nature, are reviewed. “Records series” are used to illustrate the consequences in terms of selection and appraisal of records. The preservation of digital information also raises new challenges. The impact of digital information on the ethical, legal and societal issues (protection, confidentiality, privacy, etc.) is emphasized.     

Let's Circulate: A Report on the 1st Annual New Jersey Access Services Meeting

In 2014, access services librarians and professional staff from various institutions all over New Jersey came together at The College of New Jersey, in Ewing Township, to discuss regional trends and issues in access services. Library staff at these institutions face many of the same issues from managing student assistants, to dealing with stacks management, and handling building security. The goal of the daylong meeting was to build bonds between access services staff at the different institutions, and to learn from one another's experiences during a series of roundtable discussions, and informal conversations over coffee and lunch. It was the first meeting of its kind in New Jersey and the organizers plan to make it an annual occurrence under the name Let's Circulate. This article is a summary of the first meeting.     

The Opportunities and Challenges of Preservation Technologies

The pace of technology development in fields other than historic preservation has generally outstripped that of historic preservation, resulting in a predominant flow from those fields into historic preservation practice. This chapter summarizes some of the major trends in technology transfer and explores some of the issues that the increased use of advanced technologies brings to the practice of historic preservation. It also examines the relationship of the development of technologies for historic preservation to public policy.     

数字资源长期战略保存的管理与技术策略*——中欧数字资源长期保存国际研讨会综述

数字资源长期保存是一新的复杂的问题。2004年7月已经在数字资源长期保存研究和实践方面有了长足进展的欧洲图书馆界，与中国合作在北京召开了中欧数字资源长期保存国际研讨会。来自欧洲和中国的十几位专家分别介绍了目前国际上数字资源长期保存的发展，从不同的角度阐述了数字资源长期保存中的政策、策略、组织、法律、技术等各种问题。     

The Challenges of Archiving Digital Information

This paper examines the need for re-evaluating archival principles and practices. Opportunities created to enhance and enrich archival work and difficulties of archiving digital information, because of its nature, are reviewed. “Records series” are used to illustrate the consequences in terms of selection and appraisal of records. The preservation of digital information also raises new challenges. The impact of digital information on the ethical, legal and societal issues (protection, confidentiality, privacy, etc.) is emphasized.     

“Moving” the Pyramids of Giza: Measuring the Effects of Ethics Education in a Visual Communication Curriculum

As mass communication scholars and educators, we should be greatly concerned about how we teach ethics to our students. This research posits improving the quality of mass communication education with the intention of producing top-notch journalists who are dedicated to raising the credibility of the profession. Specifically, the research assesses the effects of integrating ethical content within a visual communication course, focusing on two critical and timely issues in visual journalism: the acceptability of graphic photographs and image manipulation. Findings showed significant differences in how participants viewed selected ethical issues in visual journalism from time 1 to time 2.     

The Ethics of Exhibiting Salvaged Shipwrecks

Abstract The contentious relationship between cultural heritage professionals and commercial entities is nowhere more fraught than in underwater archeological sites. More and more often, museums are drawn into this conflict through hosting traveling exhibitions. This article explores the ethical issues in two shipwreck exhibitions, Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds, and Real Pirates: The Untold Story of the Whydah from Slave Ship to Pirate Ship, and the specific responses museums have made to address the ethical issues around commercial exploitation of cultural heritage. The article calls for museums to be more thoughtful and deliberate consumers, and embrace their potential as safe venues for exploring ethical dilemmas these sites embody.