Impact of touring,performance schedule,and definitions on 1-year injury rates in a modern dance company

There is ongoing debate about how to define injury in dance: the most encompassing one or a time-loss definition. We examined the relationship between touring, performance schedule and injury definition on injury rates in a professional modern dance company over one-year. In-house healthcare management tracked 35 dancers for work-related musculoskeletal injuries (WMSI), time-loss injuries (TLinj), complaints, and exposure. The year was divided into 6 segments to allow comparison of effects of performance, rehearsal, and touring. Injuries/segment were converted into injuries/1000-h dance exposure. We conducted negative binomial regression analysis to determine differences between segments, P ≤ 0.05. Twenty WMSI, 0.44 injuries/1000-h, were sustained over one-year. WMSI were 6 times more likely to occur in Segment-6, compared with other segments (incident rate ratio = 6.055, P = 0.031). The highest rate of TLinj and traumatic injuries also occurred in Segment-6, reflecting concentrated rehearsal, New York season and performances abroad. More overuse injuries occurred in Segment-2, an international tour, attributed to raked stages. Lack of methods to quantify performance other than injury may mask effects of touring on dancer’s well-being. Tracking complaints permits understanding of stressors to specific body regions and healthcare utilisation; however, TLinj remain the most important injuries to track because they impact other dancers and organisational costs.     

Extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors associated with injuries in young dancers aged 8-16 years

In the present study, we tried to determine the association between joint ranges of motion, anatomical anomalies, body structure, dance discipline, and injuries in young female recreational dancers. A group of 1336 non-professional female dancers (age 8-16 years), were screened. The risk factors considered for injuries were: range of motion, body structure, anatomical anomalies, dance technique, and dance discipline. Sixty-one different types of injuries and symptoms were identified and later classified into four major categories: knee injuries, foot or ankle tendinopathy, back injuries, and non-categorized injuries. We found that 569 (42.6%) out of the 1336 screened dancers, were injured.The following factors were found to be associated with injuries (P < 0.05): (a) range of motion (e.g. dancers with hyper hip abduction are more prone to foot or ankle tendinopathies than dancers with hypo range of motion; (b) anatomical anomalies (scoliotic dancers manifested a higher rate of injuries than non-scoliotic dancers); (c) dance technique (dancers with incorrect technique of rolling-in were found to have more injuries than dancers with correct technique); (d) dance discipline (an association between time of practice en pointe and injury was observed); and (e) early age of onset of menarche decreased risk for an injury. No association between body structure and injury was found. Injuries among recreational dancers should not be overlooked, and therefore precautionary steps should be taken to reduce the risk of injury, such as screening for joint range of motion and anatomical anomalies. Certain dance positions (e.g. en pointe) should be practised only when the dancer has already acquired certain physical skills, and these practices should be time controlled.     

体育舞蹈摩登舞选手身体素质训练探讨

体育舞蹈摩登舞是国际流行的一项时尚体育运动,它有丰富的娱乐内涵和强烈的体育竞赛特征。随着摩登舞的发展,其对选手的身体素质要求越来越高。本文借助体育运动训练原理和其他相关学科的研究成果,结合训练经验,就摩登舞选手的身体素质训练进行了较深入的研究,为摩登舞选手的训练提供理论参考。     

健身舞步运动对50-59岁超重女性身体成分影响的研究

目的:通过对实验前后50-59岁超重女性身体成分指标进行对比研究,了解健身舞步对中年女性身体成分的影响,引导中年女性建立健康的生活方式,同时为健身舞步的健身作用提供科学的理论依据.方法:选取50名超重女性作为研究对象,参与8周健身舞步运动,采用身体成分分析仪测试运动干预前后身体成分.结果:8周运动干预后,身体成分各个指标均低于运动干预前,并且存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:健身舞步运动能够降低机体体重、BMI、脂肪含量、脂肪百分比等,对于身体成分具有良好的改善作用.     

Changes in selected cardiorespiratory responses to exercise and in body composition following a 12‐week aerobic dance programme

Cardiorespiratory and body composition changes were evaluated in 25 sedentary females, aged 18 to 30 years, following 12 weeks of aerobic dance training (3 days a week, 45 min a session). Fifteen subjects, from the same population, comprised a control group: they maintained their normal activity and dietary habits over the course of the study. Analysis of variance of the values for selected cardiorespiratory responses revealed that the aerobic dance programme produced training effects in the experimental group. These training effects were indicated by significant improvements in O₂ pulse, V _E, heart rate and perceived exertion during submaximal exercise. Significant improvements were also noted in VO₂ max, maximal O₂pulse, V _E max, maximal heart rate and maximal running time on the treadmill. Additionally, increases in lean body mass and body density, together with decreases in percentage body fat and the sum of four skinfold thicknesses were found to be significant for the experimental group. No significant improvements in any of these variables were found for the control group. It was concluded that this 12‐week aerobic dance programme was successful in promoting beneficial changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition.     

健美操身体语汇发掘与提升研究

无论在健美操的教学、练习与比赛中,健美操的身体语汇对健美操艺术感染力的发挥与诠释起到了基础性、直接性的作用。实践中,其是由健美操的编导与舞者在不同阶段发掘,是舞者在特定的舞蹈环境下,通过健美操舞蹈的本身来实现提升,把健美操所蕴含的美、艺术性与精神进取的力量迸发出来。     

舞龙、苗鼓对湘西农村妇女身体自尊的影响研究——以湘西矮寨镇为例

选取与心理健康关系最紧密的身体自尊作为测量工具,采用文献资料、心理测量、实验等方法,以苗鼓和舞龙为锻炼方式,对湖南湘西矮寨镇妇女进行16周系统的实验研究。结果显示:16周系统的苗鼓锻炼和舞龙锻炼对湘西矮寨镇妇女身体自尊水平及各维度都具有显著性改善作用;其中,苗鼓在身体自我价值感、身体吸引力两项指标上比舞龙产生的效益更为明显,而舞龙在身体素质和身体状况两方面比苗鼓效果好,说明不同民族传统体育项目锻炼方式对湘西农村妇女的身体自尊产生不同的心理效益,民族传统体育项目有利于促进农村妇女身体自尊不同方面的发展。     

健身街舞和篮球对女大学生身心健康影响的比较研究

文章对健身街舞和篮球对女大学生身体和心理健康的影响进行了对比研究。将80名在校女大学生分为两组,分别进行为期12周,每周3次,每次60min的健身街舞和篮球训练,训练前后分别测定受试者皮脂厚度、肺活量和身体协调能力,并通过问卷调查了解受试者的心理状态。结果表明,女大学生的身体形态、机能和身体自尊及身体自我效能发生了不同程度的变化。健身街舞运动对女大学生皮脂厚度、身体协调能力、除身体状况外的身体自尊各维度的指标和身体自我效能的影响均大于篮球运动。大学体育课程女生项目设置可适当增加健身街舞运动。为优化女大学生运动健身方案的制定和大学体育课程教学内容的选择提供依据。     

China National Assessment of Education Quality - Physical Education & Health (CNAEQ-PEH) 2015: An Introduction

Purpose: To summarize the framework and development procedure of the China National Assessment of Education Quality - Physical Education & Health in 2015 (CNAEQ-PEH 2015), an authoritative and evidence-based national surveillance protocol developed by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China for Grade 4 and Grade 8 students. Methods: The framework of CNAEQ-PEH 2015 included a test battery of physical fitness and health outcomes and self-reported questionnaires regarding facilitators and barriers to physical fitness and health in school settings and family status, completed by students, teachers, and principals. A qualified, standardized, and responsible work procedure was generated to provide insights into the quality of data collection and supervision of large-scale school-based physical fitness testing implementation. Measure development, stratified unequal probability sampling, and implementation were included in the working procedure. Results: In the first circle of the CNAEQ-PEH conducted on June 18, 2015, 111,173 Grade 4 students from 4,015 elementary schools and 72,243 Grade 8 students from 2,461 middle schools, along with their principals (n = 6,447) and physical education (PE) teachers (n = 11,418), were sampled by probability proportionate to size (PPS) across 323 counties in China. Results provided detailed information regarding students’ physical fitness outcomes, learning, lifestyle, and educational environment. Conclusions: CNAEQ-PEH 2015 is a large-scale assessment of physical fitness and health outcomes. It helps provide opportunities to understand the physical fitness and health status of Chinese Grade 4 and 8 students and to study the correlations of physical fitness and health, as well as their relationship with education-related indicators and academic performance.     

Influence of physical fitness on cognitive and academic performance in adolescents: A systematic review from 2005–2015

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association of different components of physical fitness on cognitive performance (CP) and academic performance (AP) in adolescents, taking into account potential confounders. Method: Studies were identified in four databases (Pubmed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, and ProQuest) from January 2005 through to January 2015. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: 8 studies showed association between physical fitness and CP, and 11 studies with AP. Cardiorespiratory fitness, speed-agility, motor coordination, and perceptual-motor skill are the highest measures associated with CP and AP. However, the findings on strength and flexibility are unclear. Finally, 62% of the 21 studies used confounders. The most controlled confounder were socioeconomic status, fatness, pubertal status, sex, and age. Conclusion: Fitness is associated with higher CP and AP. More research is needed in order to understand the causes of the differential effect of physical fitness components on CP and AP.     

The British Olympic Association's Position Statement on Athlete Confidentiality

Abstract

In this study, we determined the specificity of a low frequency taekwondo training programme on physical fitness levels in adolescent females who receive limited physical education instruction (i.e. 2 days per week). Major components of physical fitness assessed were: skeletal muscle fitness (hand grip strength, bent arm hang, standing long jump, and isokinetic strength), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), speed and agility (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and cardiovascular fitness ([Vdot]O _2max and 20-m shuttle run). Changes in body composition were also assessed (dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA). Participants were divided into two groups, a taekwondo training group (n = 21), which trained 50 min a day, 2 days per week for 12 weeks, and a control group (n = 10). Taekwondo training improved isokinetic strength, standing long jump, and sit-and-reach performance. Body fat mass and percent body fat were reduced. No changes in grip strength, bent arm hang time, speed and agility, or cardiorespiratory fitness were observed. Results indicate that low frequency taekwondo training in adolescent females produces beneficial changes in skeletal muscle fitness, flexibility, and body composition in a relatively short period of time. Consequently, this specific type of training can be useful to female adolescents in structured school environments where physical education classes are limited and there is little free time for physical activity.     

Exergames ‘as a teacher’ of movement education: exploring knowing in moving when playing dance games in physical education

Background: A fundamental dimension of school physical education (PE) is arguably movement and movement activities. However, there is a lack of discussion in the context of PE regarding what can be called the capability to move in terms of coordinative abilities, body consciousness and educing bodily senses.

Purpose: This article explores and articulates what there is to know, from the mover's perspective, when knowing how to move in specific ways when playing exergames (dance games). Taking different ways of moving as expressing different ways of knowing as a point of departure, the following questions are the focus of this article: (i) How do students move when imitating movements in a dance game, and what different ways of knowing the movements can be described in the student group? (ii) What aspects of the movements are discerned simultaneously through the different ways of knowing the movements? (iii) What aspects seem critical for the students to discern and experience in order to know the movements in as complex a way as possible?

Design and analysis: The theoretical point of departure concerns an epistemological perspective on the capability to move as knowing how with no distinction between physical and mental skills, and also knowing as experiencing aspects of something to know. The data in this study comprise video recordings of students playing Nintendo Wii dance games in PE lessons in a compulsory school (for children aged between 7 and 16 years) in a small Swedish town. There were three PE lessons with four different stations, of which one was Nintendo Wii dance games (Just Dance 1 and 2). In total, the videoed material covers three 60-minute PE lessons, recorded during the autumn of 2012 and in which just over twenty students participated. In the study, we have used video observation as a data collection method. Jordan and Henderson maintain that video observation removes the gap between ‘what people say they do and what they, in fact, do’ (51). To conduct a systematic and thorough analysis of how the students experienced the avatar's movements, we looked for moments where all the students and the avatar could be simultaneously observed. Two video sequences were chosen, showing four students imitating two distinct and defined movements which constituted the basis for a phenomenographic analysis.

Conclusion: The result of the phenomenographic analysis shows different ways of knowing the movements as well as what aspects are discerned and experienced simultaneously by the students. In other words, these aspects also describe knowing in terms of discerning, discriminating and differentiating aspects of ways of moving. By examining a certain exergame's role ‘as a teacher,' we have emphasized the capability to move, from the mover's perspective, as an intrinsic educational goal of PE while highlighting the need for systematically planning movement education.     

拉丁舞对女大学生自我效能感和身体素质的影响

采用问卷调奎法和测试对比法,研究拉丁舞锻炼对女大学生一般自我效能感、身体形态、机能、素质的影响．结果显示,实验组的一般自我效能感、身体形态、机能、素质优于实验前,因此,长期参加拉丁舞锻炼可提高大学生的一般自我效能感,改善形态、机能、素质各项指标,可明显增强大学生的体质。     

汉中市广场舞开展现状及发展对策研究

研究目的:掌握汉中市广场舞开展的基本情况,了解开展过程中存在的基本问题。研究方法:文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数据分析等。研究结论:汉中市广场舞开展过程中主要存在的问题包括噪声扰民比较普遍;无固定的场地,器材匮乏,锻炼环境没有保证;无专业人员进行组织联系;人们思想认识的局限性。对策:加大广场舞的宣传力度,让更多的人认识广场舞的健身价值;合理规划城市建设,适当增加健身场地;建立专门的组织管理机构;举办社区广场舞比赛,以赛代练;加强汉中市广场舞健身指导老师队伍建设等。     

Effects of Aerobic Dance on Physical Work Capacity,Cardiovascular Function and Body Composition of Middle-Aged Women

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic dance on physical work capacity, cardiovascular function and body composition of young middle-aged women. Maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O ₂ max), heart rate during submaximal treadmill walking, resting heart rate and blood pressure, and body composition were determined before and after a 10-week aerobic dance conditioning program in 28 women (18 experimental and 10 control), aged 25 to 44 years. During the 10-week treatment period, the experimental subjects participated in 45 min of aerobic dance at 70–85% of the heart rate reserve, 3 days · week ^–1,whereas the control group did not participate in any regular strenuous physical activity. Changes in the experimental group were significantly greater than in the control group for [Vdot]O ₂ max expressed in 1 · min ^–1 or relative to body weight or fat-free weight (5 to 7% vs. – 5 to – 8%), time on a continuous grade-incremented walking treadmill test (16% vs. 1%), heart rate during submaximal stages of the treadmill test (– 9% vs. 1%) and resting heart rate (– 8% vs. 2%). Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure; body weight; percent fat, fat weight, and fat-free weight estimated using underwater weighing; sum of seven skinfolds; and sum of seven circumferences did not change significantly in either group. It was concluded that aerobic dance performed 30–45 min, 3 days · week ^–1 for 10 weeks significantly improves physical work capacity and cardiovascular function, but without dietary control, does not alter body composition in sedentary middle-aged women.     

Associations between anxiety,self-efficacy,and outcomes by gender and body size dissatisfaction during fitness in high school physical education

Background: Noteworthy proportions of adolescents – particularly females – report negatively about their experiences regarding fitness and the testing of it during physical education (PE). These accounts often coincide with lower levels of body image, fitness, motivation, and physical activity and higher rates of attrition from optional PE.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test path relations between body size dissatisfaction (BSD), test anxiety (TA), self-efficacy, and fitness-related outcomes during fitness in PE and to determine whether these differ as a function of gender and level of BSD.

Method: Survey data were collected from 394 9th and 10th-grade students in southern Ontario, Canada. A previously validated BSD measure was used that consisted of a series of nine gender-specific silhouettes ranging from very thin/slender to very large/overweight. Students’ dissatisfaction score involved subtracting self-ratings of their ideal body size from current body size estimates. Fitness indices in PE (FIPE)was the z-score of the sum of self-reported fitness level, fitness grade in PE, and frequency of active exercise at least 30 minutes per day. Self-efficacy and TA were assessed using established scales from the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire.

Data analysis: Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess group differences whereas gender-specific confirmatory factor and path analyses were used to test the proposed path in which relations between BSD and FIPE were manifest indirectly through TA and self-efficacy.

Findings: The hypothetical path fit the data in the overall sample and fit better for females than for males. Females reported a higher BSD and a lower self-efficacy and FIPE than males. BSD was evident in both genders with most females desiring a thinner body compared to boys who had relatively equal proportions wanting to be bigger and thinner. Males wanting to be smaller reported significantly lower self-efficacy and FIPE than males with little BSD or those wanting to be larger. Females desiring a thinner body reported significantly more TA and lower FIPE than females with no BSD.

Conclusion: Body image concerns and elevated levels of anxiety appear to undergird the influence of self-efficacy on FIPE. This is particularly so in females, although both females and males with a BSD are susceptible to lowered fitness motivation and achievement in PE. Suggestions are provided to help physical educators to structure fitness curricula and pedagogy to better minimize this vulnerability. These include catering to the gender-specific needs and preferences for fitness activities during PE including the testing of fitness.     

A methodological approach to short-term tracking of youth physical fitness: the Oporto Growth,Health and Performance Study

In this paper, three different statistical approaches were used to investigate short-term tracking of cardiorespiratory and performance-related physical fitness among adolescents. Data were obtained from the Oporto Growth, Health and Performance Study and comprised 1203 adolescents (549 girls) divided into two age cohorts (10–12 and 12–14 years) followed for three consecutive years, with annual assessment. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with 1-mile run/walk test; 50-yard dash, standing long jump, handgrip, and shuttle run test were used to rate performance-related physical fitness. Tracking was expressed in three different ways: auto-correlations, multilevel modelling with crude and adjusted model (for biological maturation, body mass index, and physical activity), and Cohen’s Kappa (κ) computed in IBM SPSS 20.0, HLM 7.01 and Longitudinal Data Analysis software, respectively. Tracking of physical fitness components was (1) moderate-to-high when described by auto-correlations; (2) low-to-moderate when crude and adjusted models were used; and (3) low according to Cohen’s Kappa (κ). These results demonstrate that when describing tracking, different methods should be considered since they provide distinct and more comprehensive views about physical fitness stability patterns.