面向科研信息管理的高校图书馆数据服务进展与启示

[目的/意义]目前用于科研管理的数据存储分散,缺乏组织,不利于科研规划和决策的有效开展, 因此科研信息管理(RIM)成为新的研究热点,正在引起科研资助机构、高校及图书馆的重视。了解其研究现状可为国内高校图书馆开展相关数据服务提供有益思路。[方法/过程]首先明确RIM的定义、服务对象、内容,简述其与RDM服务的差异;然后分析图书馆开展RIM的优势,通过案例和文献调研分析当前国际研究进展;最后结合笔者所在机构的实践,总结RIM对我国高校图书馆数据服务的启示。[结果/结论]高校图书馆面向RIM的数据服务对象包括产出元数据、情景元数据、统计数据及非结构化数据。RIM服务不仅可以提升高校科研规划和决策的准确性和可靠性,还能巩固图书馆在科研中的地位,开拓数据服务新领域并促进机构库转型。     

基于re3data的科研数据仓储全景分析

[目的/意义]基于re3data元数据对科研数据仓储进行背景、政策、学科、内容、服务、访问、技术支持等分析,揭示科研数据仓储在学科间的差异,从多角度呈现科研数据仓储的全景。[方法/过程]从re3data元数据中遴选14个指标,对1 848个科研数据仓储的责任机构进行定量分析,并采用独立样本t检验分析数据内容、服务类型、数据访问与上传等在学科间的差异情况。[结果/结论]大部分科研数据仓储是非营利组织负责的,机构主要提供基金资助、技术支持和一般维护。目前登记的科研数据仓储主要来自欧美国家及国际组织。科研数据仓储的类型主要以学科为主,生命科学和自然科学的仓储数量最多。科研数据仓储的数据内容类型、服务类型、数据开放程度、应用编程接口在学科间存在显著差异。     

科学数据存储库的发展态势与推进策略

[目的/意义]基于Re3data平台元数据对科学数据存储库的发展态势进行多维度分析和讨论,在分析结果的基础上提出推进策略,为开放科学环境下科学数据存储基础设施的进一步发展提供决策参考。[方法/过程]通过API接口采集Re3data平台2 767条元数据并进行数据清洗和构建数据集,在此基础上对国内外存储库发展从基本情况、存储库管理、存储库服务3个层面进行多维度宏观观测和扫描,并辅以微观层面上相应存储库典型代表的个案描述,从而归纳出当前数据存储库面临的挑战,并提出推进策略。[结果/结论]科学数据存储库总量呈持续增长态势;科学数据存储库内容格式、存储库类型划分更加多样;存储库技术框架、元数据标准、数据服务形式呈现出多元形式并存的局面。这些多样性和多元化的发展态势同时也带来了一定的挑战。需要构建良性循环的数据共享激励生态体系;增强异构数据存储库平台的互操作性能;推动存储库学科层面元数据标准的规范化;加强存储库数据管理人员的培训和指导,以应对多元化态势带来的挑战。     

我国政府数据开放共享政策体系构建

[目的/意义] 政府数据开放共享已纳入国家大数据战略。本文旨在针对国家大数据战略,提出我国政府数据开放共享的政策体系。[方法/过程] 采用循证政策研究方法,构建我国政府数据开放共享的政策体系。[结果/结论] 我国政府数据开放共享的政策体系分为基础设施层、数据管理层和政府治理层三个层次。基础设施层包括数据及其元数据政策、IT技术政策（包括社交媒体政策）、数据中心政策、数据平台标准指南、具备互操作性的系统政策、数据存储仓库规范等;数据管理层有数据创建与汇集政策、数据处理政策、数据归档与保存政策、数据开放和共享政策、数据获取与利用政策;政府治理层由数据安全政策、数据权益政策、公众参与政策、数据能力政策、组织支持政策、资金投入政策等构成。该体系为政府数据开放共享提供了政策框架,为后续政策的深入研究提供了方向。     

综合型科学数据仓储元数据创建服务研究

[目的/意义] 缺乏科学数据元数据知识与高效易用的元数据创建服务阻碍了科研人员科学数据的共享与重用,综合型科学数据仓储因数据存储量大、面向用户广,其所提供的元数据创建服务对改善上述困境具有借鉴意义。[方法/过程] 以Springer Nature和Scientific Data推荐的6个综合型科学数据仓储为样本,从服务的内容构成与服务的实现模式两个方面对其元数据创建服务进行调研分析,归纳其服务特点与先进经验。[结果/结论] 综合型科学数据仓储所提供的元数据创建服务具有沿袭传统并有所创新、力求简洁并凸显自身特色、重视元数据知识普及与能力转化、充分保证数据民主、注重关联资源组织并鼓励数据引用五大特点,其服务模式既重视服务的易用性、有用性又注重元数据知识普及,对我国图情机构数据仓储建设及元数据创建服务开展具有重要启示和借鉴意义。     

高校机构知识库建设策略研究

[目的/意义]高等院校已经成为机构知识库建设的主力军,机构知识库的建设策略是影响其建设成效的重要因素。开展机构知识库的建设策略研究,可为高校图书馆机构库建设提供理论依据和实践指导,对于提升机构库的资源建设水平和成效具有重要的促进作用。[方法/过程] 通过对国内高校机构知识库建设情况的调研,分析当前中国高校机构库存在的问题,在此基础上提出高校机构知识库的建设策略。[结果/结论] 当前中国高校机构库存在的主要问题有普及率低、资源容量较为有限、资源类型单一、平台开放性差、资源获取困难等。结合重庆大学机构知识库建设实践,从平台建设、资源建设、可持续发展等3方面系统阐述高校机构知识库的建设策略。最后分析机构知识库的使用情况。     

Expanding the Use of Linked Data Value Vocabularies in PCC Cataloging

Abstract

The Program for Cooperative Cataloging's 2018–21 strategic plan includes as one of its goals to “expand [the] use of linked data value vocabularies to augment, and where feasible to replace, existing metadata practices”. This paper sets out the reasons for pursuing this goal and considers some of the implications for MARC cataloging practice.     

What Slavic Scholars Need to Know about Archiving Digital Materials in Institutional Repositories

ABSTRACT. Institutional repositories (IRs) provide storage and access to digitally produced scholarship. In order to improve storage and access to these materials, it is important for the creators to describe the contents adequately. Following generally accepted best practices in terms of file formats is encouraged, as is providing basic metadata about the content of the items. Some of the benefits of utilizing IRs include the provision of unique identifiers for digital projects and files, institutional commitment to preserving the files, and increased access through metadata protocols. Collaboration between creators and librarians is encouraged to ensure that standards are followed when appropriate, and that metadata is of the highest quality to ensure good preservation and access to the content.     

Implications of Institutional Repositories on Contributors' Professional and Publishing Practices: A Survey

An institutional repository is a system for dissemination and stewardship of the intellectual life and scholarship of an institution. It has become a new way for the institutions to contribute to the broader world of scholarship (Giesecke, 2011 Giesecke, J. (2011). Institutional repositories: Keys to success. Journal of Library Administration, 51(5–6), 529–542. Retrieved January 3, 2013, from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience/255[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). In spite of the global recognition of institutional repositories as an open access scholarly communication channel, institutional repositories are still struggling with the problem of non-participation from contributors in developing countries like India. This study conveys the results of a survey conducted at a minority university of India. The study is an expression of the opinion of 542 faculty members and research scholars pertaining to the possible implications of institutional repositories on their professional and publishing practices. The study is undertaken to: Determine the level of awareness of institutional repository among contributors; identify the reasons for participation and non-participation of contributors; examine the implications of institutional repository on contributors professional and publishing practices; analyze the major obstacles/hindrances in the growth of an institutional repository; and suggest measures for better implementation and development of an institutional repository in future. With the help of the statistical techniques such as chi-square test and weighted mean the study resulted that the majority of the contributors are well aware about the concept of institutional repository, the majority of contributors have not deposited in an institutional repository so far, long term preservation of research materials is the first ranked reason for participation in an institutional repository, copyright and plagiarism concern is the main reason behind contributors’ non-participation in institutional repository, increased accessibility of research output is the major implication of the institutional repository on contributors professional practices, saved cost of publishing in a journal is the biggest implication of institutional repository on contributors publishing practices, and contributors demand more control on ownership, access and security in future for an institutional repository. This article is aimed at the institutions that report low-use and low-deposit repositories. It may be used to convince the contributors about the value of institutional repositories, importance of participating in an institutional repository and possible implications on their professional and publishing practices. The study is also intended at the management of the institutions to take notice of the contributors’ demands for future participation and develop policies accordingly for removing major barriers in the growth of institutional repositories and improving contributions and quality of content in the institutional repositories.     

Metadata Schema to Facilitate Linked Data for 3D Digital Models of Cultural Heritage Collections: A University of South Florida Libraries Case Study

ABSTRACT

The University of South Florida Libraries house and provide access to a collection of cultural heritage and 3D digital models. In an effort to provide greater access to these collections, a linked data project has been implemented. A metadata schema for the 3D cultural heritage objects which uses linked data is an excellent way to share these collections with other repositories, thus gaining global exposure and access to these valuable resources. This article will share the process of building the 3D cultural heritage metadata model as well as an assessment of the model and recommendations for future linked data projects.     

机构知识库集成服务系统研究及实践

[目的/意义]机构知识库集成服务系统是机构知识库发展的必然趋势,可以实现更大范围的知识产出保存和共享,对于构建科研信息基础设施、促进学术交流和知识创新有着重要意义。 [方法/过程]对国内外已有的机构知识库集成服务系统进行调研,对系统的主要功能、关键技术及开发方式进行比较分析,并基于开源软件eXtensible Catalog快速构建一个中文开放知识库集成服务系统。[结果/结论] 建立起一个覆盖中国科学院、国内高校、港澳台高校开放机构知识库的集成服务系统,可对促进我国学术资源开放获取与机构知识库的建设发展起到一定的推动作用。     

Digital Access to Cultural Heritage and Scholarship in the Czech Republic

ABSTRACT. This article looks at selected digital library projects in the Czech Republic, with a focus on two main domains of activity: digital preservation of cultural heritage, and providing digital access to scholarship through institutional repositories. With regard to digitization of national cultural heritage, the Czech Republic, largely through the leadership of the National Library, has established itself as one of the most active countries in the region. With regard to providing access to Czech research and scholarship, although there is quite a bit of interest among research institutions and universities, institutional repositories are currently in the exploratory stage and have not yet been widely implemented. Copyright laws are repeatedly cited by Czech librarians as one obstacle to improving access to digital resources in both spheres of activity.     

Rejoinder: results are still strange and explanations fall short

In this rejoinder, I argue that explanations made in Croucher (2015) [Further development of integrated threat theory and intergroup contact: A reply to Aberson (2015). Communication Monographs] for odd results are not theoretically relevant, represent highly unlikely outcomes inconsistent with the reporting in Croucher (2013) [Integrated threat theory and acceptance of immigrant assimilation: An analysis of Muslim immigration in Western Europe. Communication Monographs, 80, 46–62], and are likely not the result of a unique sample or target. First, I demonstrate that arguments regarding negative contact are not applicable to the present work as Croucher (2013) [Integrated threat theory and acceptance of immigrant assimilation: An analysis of Muslim immigration in Western Europe. Communication Monographs, 80, 46–62] measured positive contact. Next, I note that arguments regarding use of pairwise deletion are theoretically possible, but practically would represent extreme situations that suggest substantial issue with the dataset. I also note that Croucher (2013) [Integrated threat theory and acceptance of immigrant assimilation: An analysis of Muslim immigration in Western Europe. Communication Monographs, 80, 46–62] made no mention of the amount of missing data or approaches used to deal with missing values. Finally, I highlight that the use of an adult sample and Muslim targets is by no means unique within the integrated threat literature and that findings from studies using similar samples and targets remain at odds with Croucher (2013) [Integrated threat theory and acceptance of immigrant assimilation: An analysis of Muslim immigration in Western Europe. Communication Monographs, 80, 46–62].     

High-Quality Metadata and Repository Staffing: Perceptions of United States–Based OpenDOAR Participants

Digital repositories require good metadata, created according to community-based principles that include provisions for interoperability. When metadata is of high quality, digital objects become sharable and metadata can be harvested and reused outside of the local system. A sample of U.S.-based repository administrators from the OpenDOAR initiative were surveyed to understand aspects of the quality and creation of their metadata, and how their metadata could improve. Most respondents (65%) thought their metadata was of average quality; none thought their metadata was high quality or poor quality. The discussion argues that increased strategic staffing will alleviate many perceived issues with metadata quality.     

Hyperactive Grey Objects

Previous papers on grey literature by the authors have described (1) the need for formal metadata to allow machine understanding and therefore scalable operations; (2) the enhancement of repositories of grey (and other) e-publications by linking with CRIS (Current Research Information Systems); (3) the use of the research process to collect metadata incrementally reducing the threshold barrier for end-users and improving quality in an ambient GRIDs environment. This paper takes the development one step further and proposes “intelligent” grey objects. The hypothesis is in 2 parts: (1) that the use of passive catalogs of metadata does not scale (a) in a highly distributed environment with millions of nodes and (b) with vastly increased volumes of R&D output grey publications with associated metadata; (2) that a new paradigm is required that (a) integrates grey with white literature and other R&D outputs such as software, data, products and patents (b) in a self-managing, self-optimizing way and that this paradigm manages automatically curation, provenance digital rights, trust, security and privacy. Concerning (1) existing repositories provide catalogs; harvesting takes increasing time ensuring non-currency. The end-user expends much manual effort/intelligence to utilize the results. The elapsed time of (1) the network (2) the centralized (or centrally controlled distributed) catalog server searches (3) end-user intervention becomes unacceptable. Concerning (2) there is no paradigm currently known to the authors that satisfies the requirement. Our proposal is outlined below. Hyperactive combines both hyperlinking and active properties of a (grey) object. Hyperlinking implies multimedia components linked to form the object and also external links to other resources. The term active implies that objects do not lie passively in a repository to be retrieved by end-users. They “get a life” and the object moves through the network knowing where it is going. A hyperactive grey object is wrapped by its (incrementally recorded) formal metadata and an associated (software) agent. It moves through process steps such as initial concept, authoring, reviewing and depositing in a repository. The workflow is based on the rules and information in the corporate data repository with which the agent interacts. Once the object is deposited, the agent associated with it actively pushes the object to the end-users (or systems) whose metadata indicate interest or an obligation in a workflowed process. The agents check the object and user (or system) metadata for rights, privacy, security parameters, and for any charges and assure compatibility. Alternatively the object can be found passively by end-user or system agents. The object can also associate itself with other objects forming relationships utilising metadata or content. Declared relationships include references and citations; workflowed relationships include versions and also links to corporate information and research datasets and software; inferenced relationships are discovered relationships such as between documents by different authors developed from an earlier idea of a third author. Components of this paradigm have been implemented to some extent. The challenge is implementing—respecting part two of the hypothesis—the integration architecture. This surely is harnessing the power of grey.

Application of semi-automatic metadata generation in libraries: Types, tools, and techniques

Analysis of a survey of the types and extent of tools and techniques related to semi-automatic metadata generation applied in real-world library settings indicates that practical applications in libraries seem to be at an incipient stage. More than half (n  = 149, 52.5%) of the survey participants (n  = 285) specify that semi-automatic metadata generation has not been utilized for metadata creation and management in their libraries. This figure becomes even higher when adding the response “don't know,” constituting an additional 13.7%. The results of the survey also show that the semi-automatic metadata generation tools described by participants mostly concern metadata format conversion (38.6%) and metadata templates and forms (27%) for populating certain metadata values. Complex tools and the generation and extraction of metadata directly from the content and context of the digital objects are rarely applied in libraries. This indicates that more research is needed on the development of automatic metadata generation for semantic metadata in usable and practical settings.     

基于CADAL数字资源元数据的OpenAPI检索服务系统的设计与实现

[目的/意义]通过设计和开发基于CADAL数字资源元数据的OpenAPI检索服务系统,方便CADAL成员单位把自身资源和CADAL相关资源进行有效地重组和整合,提供给读者新的混搭（Mashup）应用,方便读者检索和利用CADAL相关数字资源,提升读者使用体验。[方法/过程]基于OpenAPI开放技术框架,提供标准的应用程序接口,方便开发者以程序的方式访问CADAL数字资源元数据,以JSON或XML等格式返回检索结果,便于程序数据处理并实现资源整合与资源呈现。[结果/结论]CADAL成员单位利用CADAL OpenAPI接口进行资源整合,读者在第三方应用系统上可以方便地检索出CADAL相关数字资源,提高CADAL数字资源的揭示、呈现和利用率,方便读者对CADAL资源的获取和使用。     

Libraries and reference

AMERICAN FILM INSTITUTE [website] (http://www.afionline.org), reviewed 9 June 1999.

GOING DIGITAL: STRATEGIES FOR ACCESS, PRESERVATION, AND CONVERSION OF COLLECTIONS TO A DIGITAL FORMAT edited by Donald L. DeWitt (New York: Haworth Press, 1998—$45.00, ISBN 0–7890–0521–2, 232 pp., index)

ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION [website] (http://www.eff.org), reviewed 17 April 1999. Founded in 1990 by John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor (of Lotus 1–2‐3 fame)

FACT: FIRST AMENDMENT CYBER‐TRIBUNE [website] (http://w3.trib.com/FACT), reviewed 17 April 1999. FACT is hosted by Wyoming's Casper Star‐Tribune and edited by Charles Levendosky (a columnist and editor for that newspaper)

THE HISTORY CHANNEL [website] (http://www.historychannel.com), reviewed 11 June 1999.

THE NATURE OF THE BOOK: PRINT AND KNOWLEDGE IN THE MAKING by Adrian Johns (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998—$40.00/no paper price, ISBM 0–226–40121–9 hard, 0–226–40122–7 paper, 753 pp., bibliography, index)

K.I.S.S. OF THE PANOPTICON [website] (http://carmen.artsci.washington.edu /panop/home.htm), reviewed 12 May 1999.

THE MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION STUDIES SITE (MCS): CONSTRUCTIVISM AT WORK [website] (http://www.aber.ac.uk/‐dgc/media.html), reviewed 23 April 1999.

MEDIA AWARENESS NETWORK [webstite] (http://www.media‐awareness.ca/), reviewed 11 March 1999.

CIVIC SPACE/CYBERSPACE: THE AMERICAN PUBLIC LIBRARY IN THE INFORMATION AGE by Redmond Kathleen Molz and Phyllis Dain (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999—$30.00, ISBN 0–262–13346–6, 259 pp., appendix, notes, bibliographical references, index)

RADIO VATICAN CITY [website] (http://www.wrn.org/vatican‐radio/), reviewed 12 May 1999.

SARAH ZUPKO'S CULTURAL STUDIES CENTER [website] (http://www.popcultures.com/), reviewed 12 May 1999.     

iTunes Metadata and Classical Music: Issues and Solutions for Crowdsourced Metadata in iTunes

Crowdsourced metadata available in iTunes is too often insufficient or even incorrect for classical music recordings. Listeners find themselves frustrated when the only options iTunes provides are illogical. What we need is a group of professionals who are experts in music and information organization to clean things up. Enter the Music Library Association. The author proposes that this national group with ten regional chapters divide the work of providing improved metadata for classical recordings, using an open source program such as freedb. Working with Gracenote, individual music librarians could also correct existing data and reduce instances of a user encountering poor information.