现代世界女篮中锋技术发展趋势的分析

基于前人的研究成果和收集近几年比赛的相关资料,包括笔者参加的2001年在江苏苏州、南京、常州赛区的世界锦标赛,2001年亚洲锦标赛、2000年奥运会和2002亚运会,收集了各场比赛的各项技术资料并进行了分析,比较了优秀篮球中锋队员的个人技术特点,旨在对女篮中锋的培养起到借鉴作用。     

Influence of technical instructions on the physiological and physical demands of small-sided soccer games

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of changes in the number of ball contacts allowed per individual possession on the physiological, technical, and physical demands within small-sided games in elite soccer. Twenty international players (age 27.4±1.5 years, body mass 79.2±4.2 kg, height 1.81±0.02 m, velocity at [Vdot]O_2max 17.4±0.8 km ·h^?1, percent body fat 12.7±1.2%) performed three different small-sided game formats (i.e. 2 vs. 2; 3 vs. 3; 4 vs. 4) on three different occasions in which the number of ball contacts authorized per possession was fixed (one touch, two touches, and free play). The relative pitch per player ratio was similar for all small-sided games. The small-sided games were performed with four support players (placed around the perimeter of pitch) with instructions to keep possession of the ball. The total duration of the small-sided games was the effective time of play. The physical demands, technical requirements, heart rates, post-exercise blood lactate concentrations, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. The percentages of successful passes and numbers of duels were significantly lower when the small-sided game was played with one touch (P<0.001), whereas the number of balls lost increased (P<0.001 for 2 vs. 2 and 3 vs. 3; P<0.01 for 4 vs. 4). The small-sided game played with one touch also induced increases in blood lactate concentration and RPE, as well as greater physical demands in the total distance covered in sprinting and high-intensity runs. In conclusion, the main findings of this study are that by altering the number of ball contacts authorized per possession in small-sided games, the coach can manipulate both the physical and technical demands within such games.     

Accelerations – a new approach to quantify physical performance decline in male elite soccer?

Abstract

The aim of the current study was (1) to investigate whether the number of accelerations is a more precise estimate of performance decline in soccer compared to distances with high-speed running (HSR) and (2) to compare changes in the number of accelerations and HSR distances across playing positions in order to examine whether the match profiles of the physical measures are consistent or demonstrate high interposition variability. The dataset includes domestic home games (N?=?34) over three full seasons (2012–2014) for a team in the Norwegian Elite League. The change in the number of accelerations throughout the match demonstrates a more clear pattern compared to the distance covered by HSR. In numbers of accelerations, a systematic and linear decrease can be observed throughout the match, with 34% less accelerations from the first to the last 5-minute period of the game (6.7 vs. 4.4 accelerations). This pattern of results captures the change in the number of accelerations across all positions. HSR distance had more variability during the match. All five positions investigated displayed a similar trend in accelerations and HSR profiles after the peak periods in each half. In contrast to the absolute number of accelerations, there were major positional differences in the mean HSR distance during the match. Our data suggest a more visible performance decline in the number of accelerations from the start to the end of the game, than the decline in the distance covered by HSR distance.     

2004年与2008年欧洲杯足球赛前八名球队防守技术特征的对比研究

运用录像观察统计、数理统计等方法,对2004年欧洲足球锦标赛和2008年欧洲足球锦标赛前八名球队在小组赛和淘汰赛中球队的防守技术特征进行对比研究。分析了两届欧洲足球锦标赛前八名球队的防守技术特征的演变,进一步阐释了当前欧洲足球强队在追求进攻技术的同时,更注重防守技术的提高,从而揭示出欧洲高水平足球队防守技术的优势和未来的发展规律。     

运用SPCS系统对射击运动员进行心理训练的效果研究

目的:运用SPCS系统引导射击运动员进行放松、注意集中、表象演练等综合心理训练,并对其训练的效果进行评价研究。方法:对10位射击运动进行8周时间个性化的心理技能训练,训练的前、中、后期分别进行心理协调能力、运动心理技能问卷和心理疲劳问卷的测试。结果:单次的综合心理训练前后,队员的协调能力测评得分都有显著提高(p0.05);另外,整个8周训练前后,队员的心理协调能力得到了一定程度的提高,运动心理技能水平显著提高(表象技能p0.05,焦虑管理p0.05,专注p0.05,放松p0.05,总分p0.05),心理疲劳中的情绪/体力耗竭指标得分显著降低(p0.05),心技结合思维得到一定程度的强化,队员主观感觉较好。结论:利用SPCS系统对队员进行个性化心理技能训练对于队员心理协调能力、运动心理技能的提高和心理疲劳的缓解都有一定的帮助。     

器械体操教学中技术细节对完整技术掌握的影响

在文献资料的基础上，通过实验对比的方法对器械体操教学中的技术细节进行了研究。研究表明，技术细节对完整动作的影响比较大，在教学讲解时，要注意运用力学分析帮助学生理解动作的力学原理。     

第三届武术散打世界杯中外运动员的技战术对比分析

文章运用文献资料法、数理统计法,对第三届武术散打世界杯中外运动员的得分以及战术行动数据统计进行了分析研究。结果表明:中国队三项主要进攻技术对比赛结果的贡献的大小依次为:腿法、摔法、拳法。国外运动员为:腿法、拳法、摔法。腿法得分与比赛总分关联度最大,对比赛结果起到决定性作用。7种战术行动的运用特点和效果比较发现:进攻后防守反击,进攻后防守,防守反击和防守运用最多,直接运用反击后防守,进攻和防守相对较少。中外运动员在平均每局战术运用次数上差异不大,但在成功率上有显著性的差异。     

泰拳的技术体系与特点研究

对泰拳的技术体系和技术特点进行探讨。认为泰拳的技术体系主要由拳法、肘法、膝法、腿法、摔法等构成，技术特点则表现为动作简单实用、以膝肘进攻见长、运动中用腹式呼吸、强攻硬取的技术风格，以及独特的练习方法等。     

体育硕士专业学位研究生职业技术技能培养的探讨

体育硕士专业学位教育的大发展,强化其职业技术技能的培养是确保人才培养质量的关键。采用文献资料法、专家调查法、归纳演绎法得出,体育职业实际岗位工作及个人发展的要求,需要体育硕士专业学位研究生职业技术技能的培养逐步建构与体育职业实际工作密切互动的招录方式、专业课程体系、实践平台及职业资格衔接等,培养"来之能用,用之能胜"的人才。     

我国女子重剑优秀运动员技战术特征分析

采用文献资料法、录像观察与技术统计、数理统计等方法,对我国女子重剑优秀运动员技战术运用进行分析.结果表明,3名优秀运动员技战术运用各有优势,运动员要在攻防与反击的战术组合、进攻速度、掌控对手能力加强训练,提高进攻时机的控制能力和第二意图的判断能力.     

Dribbling determinants in sub-elite youth soccer players

Dribbling speed in soccer is considered critical to the outcome of the game and can assist in the talent identification process. However, little is known about the biomechanics of this skill. By means of a motion capture system, we aimed to quantitatively investigate the determinants of effective dribbling skill in a group of 10 Under-13 sub-elite players, divided by the median-split technique according to their dribbling test time (faster and slower groups). Foot-ball contacts cadence, centre of mass (CoM), ranges of motion (RoM), velocity and acceleration, as well as stride length, cadence and variability were computed. Hip and knee joint RoMs were also considered. Faster players, as compared to slower players, showed a 30% higher foot-ball cadence (3.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2 contacts · s^?1, P < 0.01); reduced CoM mediolateral (0.91 ± 0.05 vs. 1.14 ± 0.16 m, P < 0.05) and vertical (0.19 ± 0.01 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 m, P < 0.05) RoMs; higher right stride cadence (+20%, P < 0.05) with lower variability (P < 0.05); reduced hip and knee flexion RoMs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, faster players are able to run with the ball through a shorter path in a more economical way. To effectively develop dribbling skill, coaches are encouraged to design specific practices where high stride frequency and narrow run trajectories are required.     

Individualisation of speed thresholds does not enhance the dose-response determination in football training

This study examined the utility of a range of approaches used to develop player-dependent speed zones in time-motion analysis (TMA), in determining the dose-response (internal load) of daily football training. Daily external (10 Hz GPS) and internal load (heart rate metrics, ratings of perceived exertion [RPE], wellness ratings) measures were tracked for 22 International women’s football players during a 21-day training camp. High-speed (HSR) and very high speed running (VHSR) were determined according to arbitrary speed thresholds, as well as using a range of different individualization approaches that included the velocities corresponding to the heart rate deflection point, maximal aerobic speed, YYIR1 performance, and maximal sprint speed (MSS). Within-player correlations between the TMA approaches versus internal load measures quantified the dose-response to training. Correlations between HSR and VHSR vs. RPE were large (r = 0.53–0.67), with the exception of VHSR for the MSS technique (moderate; r = 0.44). HSR was very-largely associated with heart rate indices (r = 0.72–0.78), again with the exception of MSS (large; r = 0.60–0.67). Using a range of different fitness characteristics to individualise speed thresholds did not enhance the dose-response determination to daily fluctuations in external load, and was worsened with MSS per se.     

在体操教学训练中掌握动作技能的分析

动作技能学习是体操教学训练中的一个重要问题。应用动作技能学习理论指导体操教学是十分有用的。从动作的选择、进度的安排到教法的选择都要符合运作技能形成的规律。训练中要大力促进技能间的正迁移，以使训练事半功倍。     

大专院校女生冬季健身跑的相关问题探析

大学生的体育锻炼习惯,一直延续着高中阶段惯性,女生的参与意识不强,影响着学生的身体素质。针对这种情况,教委从增强大学生体制和培养毅力的角度出发,规定了大学生冬季每天要坚持长跑的计划。由于学业负担过重,加之大学女生的生理特点,长跑训练一直是大专体育活动的难点。根据大学女生的心理及生理特点,从长跑的好处、运动量的确定、长跑注意事项等几方面对学生进行了长跑运动的指导。