Transition of Library and Information Science Education in China: Problems and Perspective

Library and information science education in China is in a period of transition. The changes in the social, economic and technological environment have introduced new requirements for the professional personnel. The growth of the information industry and the expansion of the labor market have motivated schools of library and information science to adjust their objectives, curriculum and knowledge structure in order to meet social needs. This article discusses the changing social environment in the 1990s and the challenges to professional education, and responses from schools. Based on the curriculum of 17 schools of library and information science in China provided at the Second Joint Annual Meeting of Deans held in 1995, the author provides data on required courses, specialized elective courses and non-specialized courses according to the frequency of each course appearing in the curriculum. The objectives are to determine the state-of-the-art structure of the knowledge base and to identify any consensus among teaching institutions. The difficulties and problems in educational reform are discussed and some trends in professional education in China are predicted.     

《共产党宣言》珍稀版本研究——中山大学图书馆藏《共产党宣言》的学术价值

系统阐述了近年来中山大学图书馆在全球收集的多种不同出版时期、不同语种的《共产党宣言》的情况,重点论述了19世纪早期重要的三种版本、20世纪前半叶两种重要的英译本和中国本土首个中文节译本的收藏情况、内容与版本特色等,认为中山大学图书馆经过长期的马克思主义馆藏建设,形成了独特的《共产党宣言》版本收藏,真实地反映了《共产党宣言》在欧美、在世界和在中国传播的历史,具有极其重要的历史价值、文献价值和学术价值,对推动马克思主义理论研究与传承具有重要意义。     

文化IP视域下公共图书馆文创产品设计开发策略研究

随着社会经济的迅速发展,我国文化事业建设得到更加广泛的关注。信息化时代,文创产品开发已成为传承优秀传统文化的重要方式。公共图书馆作为文化资源的重要载体,其文创产品的设计开发是对图书馆特色文献的充分挖掘、提取相关文化元素、融入审美特征、突显创意创新的整个过程。文化IP的出现,为公共图书馆文创产品的设计提供了新思路,带来了更多的创意表达。本文基于我国公共图书馆文创产品开发现状,分析了文化IP和文创产品之间的关系,提出当前公共图书馆文创产品开发中存在的问题,指出了文化IP在公共图书馆文创产品开发中重要作用,论述了文化IP视域下公共图书馆文创产品开发的几点策略,旨在推动我国公共图书馆文创产业的创新发展。     

图书馆如何制定知识共享战略

在简要明确图书馆知识共享战略含义的基础上,指出图书馆知识共享需要战略的原因,分析图书馆知识共享战略提出的现实背景。图书馆知识共享战略的核心在于确定图书馆知识共享的方向、目标和计划;制定图书馆知识共享战略需要遵循两个基本法则：独特法则和简单化法则;确定图书馆知识共享方向,一要清晰;二要正确。最后提出图书馆知识共享目标确定的注意事项以及图书馆知识共享计划制定的步骤。     

The information needs of end-users of Sub-Saharan Africa in the digital information environment

The digital divide is severe in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevailing digital divide will continue to exist and define the characteristics of the digital information environment of the sub-region as it influences, along with other concerns, the information needs of end-users in the sub-region. The model of information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment and observations and theories from the literature of Library and Information Science (LIS) show that the information needs of end-users in SSA are for information content that is relevant for day-to-day tasks and that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of the information and communications technology (ICTs) that they possess and their level of skill in manipulating the ICTs. The model of the information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment presents the nature of user tasks, the state of electronic resources in use, and user experience in using the electronic resources as factors giving rise to information needs of end-users in a digital information environment. The principles of least effort, satisficing, utility and accessibility particularly give support to the argument of the paper: that end-users need information content that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of ICTs currently in use by the end-users concerned. Recognizing the nature of the information needs of the end-users of SSA will help in meeting their needs as well as in selecting appropriate interventions in addressing the digital divide in the sub-region.     

National Information and Communication Technology Policy and Digital Era School Librarianship in Botswana

School librarianship has advanced in the digital era to encompass interactivity, connectivity, and access to a wide variety of information in different formats, through the capabilities of information and communication technologies. School libraries exist to support learning in schools and the importance of the digital age in student's learning cannot be overstated. Today's students are born in the age of technology; therefore a school library that does not encompass the use of electronic media will not meet the needs of the digital generation. The purpose of this article is to find out the status of technology diffusion and use in Botswana school libraries and to advance reasons for the lack of information and communication technology uptake in school libraries. A document analysis of literature was done to determine the factors that hinder the growth of school librarianship in Botswana during the digital era, using the stakeholder theory as a lens for the investigation. Findings reveal a weakness in the social, political, and economic areas of leadership in national information policies which seem to be a remnant from the beginning of the digital age in Botswana and indeed in most African countries. Some of the recommendations point to using the stakeholder theory to tackle the hurdles in school librarianship leadership and policy in the information age.     

Developing Oral History in Chinese Libraries

Compared with oral history in most Western countries, oral history theory and practice in Mainland China lag behind in both study and practice. This paper outlines the experience of oral history work in the Shantou university library, and the types and features of the oral history collected by the library. It examines problems in the development and utilization of oral history in Mainland Chinese libraries and offers suggestions for the development of oral history in libraries in Mainland China, and other developing countries.     

Information technology and public policy: a socio-human profile of Indian digital revolution

The paper describes the role of information and Information Technology (IT) and discusses the infrastructure, human resources, telecommunications, and research and development in IT within the Indian context. It highlights the features of the liberalization of the Indian government software policy of 1986, including developments in networking and the growth of the IT industry in the country, and documents the proliferation and application of IT in India in various fields. It provides a detailed look at the socio-human dimensions of IT in terms of its impact on the socioeconomic conditions of the people, especially in the countryside. The paper describes the limitations of the Indian digital revolution in reaching out to the general masses and the various factors responsible for the lopsided character of the information revolution.     

Archiving the wild,the wild archivist: Bukit Brown Cemetery and Singapore’s emerging ‘docu-tivists’

In recent years there has been growing interest in the discipline of computing in relation to cultural heritage, parallel with developments in greater user participation in archives and advances in documentation work. These trends are reflected in the case of a documentation project of an old Chinese cemetery in Singapore, Bukit Brown Cemetery. This case was characterised by tensions among the ‘wild’ array of emerging individual participants and archivists that took the momentum away from both more formal NGOs and government institutions in documenting, archiving and raising awareness of the heritage of the site when part of it was announced to be set aside for a new highway. The case presents a compelling need for participatory archives, facilitated by computing interventions encouraging public engagement and visits to the site. Being actively involved in the documentation process, the authors reflect on how conceptual frameworks of records may assist in designing new media innovations and informing the ways by which a cemetery may be documented. Through these reflections, the authors argue for the active participation of archivists and records professionals in documentation work, and demonstrate how, in the creation and keeping of records, they shape the collective imagination of the public and other stakeholders in heritage sites.     

从档案看清代道光二十二年新疆巴里坤大地震的赈灾对策

巴里坤地处新疆天山北路东部地区,被誉为“新疆咽喉”。巴里坤是清代新疆地震多发区。其中,清代道光二十二年五月初三至初五巴里坤爆发了7.5级大地震。中国第一历史档案馆的宫中朱批奏折档、台北故宫博物院的宫中朱批奏折档、道光朝上谕档、军机处录副奏折等至少14份清宫藏地震档案极为翔实地记载了此次大地震的相关事宜。这在清代新疆地震史乃至清代全国地震史上堪称罕见。笔者据以上档案等概述了新疆巴里坤大地震的情况,论述了清廷采取的抚恤灾民、官员捐廉、借贷银两、捐款修城、派拨兵遣、起用废员、提拔官员等赈灾对策,进而剖析这些对策的利弊,从而使我们借鉴其合理对策且警惕其不妥对策,这对当今的防灾减灾工作有重要的现实意义。     

Ethical leadership and ethical decision making: A meta-analysis of research related to ethics education

Ethical leadership and ethical decision making in organizations have been the focus of many concerns related to ethics, especially in light of high-profile corporate scandals. The importance of educational preparation for ethical leadership has been highlighted in the general literature and the library and information science literature. This article is based on a meta-analysis of research related to ethics education in business. The meta-analysis considers issues of research design, methodologies used, populations studied and other data analyzed, the nature of the researchers, and the dissemination of the research in the journal literature. It is intended to inform the study of ethics and ethics education in general and in other professional disciplines, such as library and information science. The research results indicate the limited number of research methodologies that have been used in the study of ethics education. Past research has largely focused on undergraduates, particularly in relation to the impact of ethics curricula on their learning/cognitive development and on measures of perceptions and changes in perceptions of ethical issues.     

甘乃光与20世纪40年代的中国侨民事务处理

甘乃光在民国年间曾以文书档案工作著称,他亦曾担任国民政府外交官,并处理过20世纪40年代一些著名的侨民事务,主要包括:1.甘乃光在40年代为制止苏联非法侨民在新疆等地扩大势力进行了努力;2.甘乃光在抗战结束后参与东南亚华侨返回居留地的交涉,由此推动了华侨返回原居留地;3.甘乃光任职驻澳大利亚大使期间,积极维护华侨利益,并致力于中澳关系的经营。甘乃光处理侨民事务的经历说明:1.国家实力在对外交往中的重要作用,抗战前后中国在反法西斯战争的地位变化和重要性是英法等国对华侨民事务态度变化的一个重要因素;2.外交官个人外交技巧与素养也是解决外交事务的一个重要基础,甘乃光处理侨民事务的经验教训也为当前我国侨务处理提供了借鉴和参考。     

图书馆2.0:构建新的图书馆服务

web2.0是一种以用户为中心的网络技术与服务,图书馆2.0是web2.0在图书馆的应用。该文通过对国内外网络媒体关于web2.0和图书馆2.0的调研,介绍了图书馆2.0的起源与发展。Talis公司的白皮书和“高等教育博客会议筹备网”提出了图书馆2.0的基本理论。目前图书馆2.0的应用包括维基、博客、RSS、开源软件、应用集成和用户参与资源建设等方面,存在着信息技术应用的适用性、数据资源建设与利用的扩展性、图书馆员的适应性和研发方向的目标性等问题。     

Forty-Five Years of LIS Research Evolution, 1971–2015: An Informetrics Study of the Author-Supplied Keywords

This article sought to investigate the evolution of library and information science by tracking the author-supplied keywords in the research articles published in the domain between 1971 and 2015. Data was extracted from Thomson Reuters’ citation mainstream indexes and analysed using the VosViewer computer-aided software to obtain author-supplied keyword frequencies in each decade since 1971. We identified the most salient and common research themes in LIS and how the themes have evolved, by delving into the author-supplied keywords to proxy research themes in the field domain. Results indicate that the field of LIS has evolved in terms of its subject focus from information systems design and management in the 1970s to scientific communication, information storage and retrieval, information access, information and knowledge management, and user education in 2015. The application of ICTs in LIS practice and education, too, has emerged as a prominent topic in the field. These issues have the potential of shaping or have shaped the LIS curriculum in some LIS schools in the continent.     

Chinese Studies Librarianship in North America

Although American libraries had begun collecting Chinese language materials in the 19th century, notably the United States Library of Congress in 1869, Yale in 1878, Harvard in 1879, and Berkeley in 1896, East Asian studies librarianship in North America, including China studies librarianship, was not fully developed until the 1960s. There was no formal organization that represented the interest of Chinese studies librarians because there were few of them and most of them were China scholars rather than trained librarians. More than 100 years later, the number of Chinese studies librarians in North America has increased considerably, primarily in response to the demand in the field of China studies and more recently to the needs of immigrant population and the general public who has an interest in China.This paper traces the history and growth of Chinese studies librarianship in North America, documents the development of the professional organization that represents Chinese studies librarians, and exami.     

Digital transformation toward AI-augmented public administration: The perception of government employees and the willingness to use AI in government

Government employees play a critical role in adopting and using new technologies in government, and their attitude and willingness to use them matter in creating a sustainable and meaningful digital transformation. This study explores how the perception of government employees shapes the willingness to support the use of AI technologies in government. Based on a survey data on current government employees in the U.S., our analysis reveals that the willingness to implement and use AI technologies in government was contingent upon a series of positive and negative perceptions about the new technologies, long-term outlook on the role of AI technologies in society, and the familiarity and experience in using some form of AI applications in the past. In particular, the perception of AI enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the work and a positive and longer-term outlook on AI's future about human labor (as an assistant or a competitor), the perception of the technology's ultimate harm or benefit (does it harm or benefit humanity), its ability to eventually make ethical and moral judgments influenced the willingness to support AI technologies in government. A substantial proportion of the government employees in the survey sample responded that they had experienced using some form of AI applications in their work and this familiarity had a strong positive influence on their support for AI. Our findings point to the importance of training the government employees in AI technologies to improve their understanding and perception about the new technologies as well as their potentials in government that will foster a culture of innovation toward sustainable and impactful digital transformation.     

The flow of,and access to,information in Bangladesh: A village level case study

This paper identifies the sources and channels of information in the rural areas of Bangladesh and highlights the information flow and access patterns at the village level of Comilla and Chittagong districts in Bangladesh. It proposes some suggestions for effective information services in rural area, as well as a specific model for a Bangladesh Integrated Rural Information System (BD-IRIS) to improve the information system of villagers. This study uses structured interviews through a pilot survey of 20% of the households from each village and information gathered by personal observations and other secondary sources, as well as appropriate statistical methods. A total of 155 responses is included in the study.Existing conditions of information flow and access in this case study indicate that there are problems in access in spite of interpersonal sources and channels of information. Of course, it is important to remember that the low literacy rate in the villages studied and in many similar communities presents many serious barriers. The author recommends establishing a Village Information Center (VIC) to provide integrated and concerted information services, along with an integrated rural information system for the purpose in the villages studies, and more widely, to meet the requirements of all people in villages in Bangladesh. The case study is one of very few studies focusing on the flow and access of information for rural areas of Bangladesh, particularly as regards information sources and channels, system and services. The approach can be replicated in other communities, and the proposed model for future direction to improve information system of village level people of Bangladesh could be modified for use in other countries.     

The development of archives and records management education and training in Africa – challenges and opportunities

The development of education and training opportunities for professionals in the archives and records management (ARM) profession in Africa has been the subject of a number of professional discussions in the past. However, a significant number of recent developments and trends have not been captured in these discussions. This article provides a historical outline and some of the major developments of ARM education and training in Africa. In addition, it traces some of the key challenges educators and trainers currently face. The article demonstrates the diversity that exists in the African continent both in the variety of institutions and the types of qualifications offered in archives and records management. It provides a glimpse of the growth of universities in the continent using the case study of Kenya. While this growth provides greater education and training opportunities, there is a need to examine its impact on quality. The article suggests the strengthening of graduate-level education as well as participation in global research to mitigate against risks in the quality of ARM education and training.     

人权视角下的图书馆读者权利保护

图书馆读者权利与人的权利有共通之处。因此,从人权角度出发,图书馆读者权利应在社会和历史的范畴之内提出,且可分为实有权利、应有权利和法定权利。为实现图书馆读者权利的"三权统一",可以在以下几方面加强工作:图书馆立法、管理制度、图书馆协会及学会、图书馆规章制度、图书馆教育职能和图书馆读者。     

基督教在华传教士报刊的世俗化之争

1877年基督教在华传教士上海第一次全国大会引发在华传教士关于报刊世俗化的争论,之后基督教在华传教士报刊纷纷效仿林乐知《万国公报》的办刊理念,实施世俗化战略转型:报刊内容由布道转向新闻,报刊更多采用中国方言和土话等本土化语言,报馆招募中国本土报刊代理和编辑。基督教在华报刊和通商口岸的外报逐渐为国人所接受。1890年和1907年分别在上海召开的基督教在华传教士全国大会上,与会传教士深入探讨了在华传教士报刊的世俗化话题。在华传教士世俗化报刊及其办报理念客观上催生了中国近代本土新型报纸的兴起,推动了西学东渐和中西文化融合。