学生的课堂话语权:一个分析框架

新课改强调学生主体性的发挥,这同时也要求学生具有一定的课堂话语权.然而,我们经常发现,学生的课堂话语权被"剥夺".课堂惯习、现代知识观的思维成见、教师的制度权威是学生课堂话语权缺失的主要原因.找回学生的课堂话语权,需要做到:一是"我的学习我做主",提升学生课堂主体意识;二是"建立平等对话的师生关系",实现师生之间平等交流和知识的共建;三是"学生与知识对话",消解现代知识观的思维成见.     

新课程中师生话语权的应然状态

在传统课程中,课堂话语场域是“静默”的世界。教师似乎独享课堂话语权,但教师权威更大程度上是制度性话语权;而学生则处于“失语”状态。话语权的丧失扼杀了师生的创造性,异化了师生关系,课程文本以中立者身份威慑课堂。新课程背景下应该回归师生话语权,实现师生与课程文本对话、师生对话。     

新课程背景下课堂社会的教师话语权探析

在传统课堂社会的话语场域中，教师似乎独享课堂话语权，但正是这种表层上赋予教师的制度性话语权掩饰了教师个体话语权的丧失，教师在教育世界的实然状态是无力的“失语”。新课程背景下的教师话语权应得到真正意义上的回归，实现教师与课程文本的对话，与教育研究者的对话。教师对话能力的形成需要其自身课程观和课程意识的确立，同时学校制度环境要进行必要的改革。     

对话型课程视阈下外语教师课堂话语策略

大学外语教学应改变学生被动接受学习的状况,进行对话型教学设计和开展对话型教学实践,构建师生互动对话的平台,培养学生的学习主体性和创造性。对话型课程视阈下,外语教师在与学生的语言互动中,课堂话语策略的实施对于课堂的有效开展和提高教学效果都是十分重要的。教师可以通过课堂提问的问题策略、提高学生参与和体验、解放学生的话语权等角度进行探索,使课堂提问真正成为促进学生思维,提高学生主体学习能力的主渠道。     

初中语文课堂阅读对话教学策略研究

阅读教学是语文教学中的一个重要部分,如果单靠学生阅读或者教师阅读不仅没有办法很好进行知识教学,也让整个课堂变得死气沉沉.要改善语文课堂阅读这样的氛围,可以采用对话教学的方式,教师与学生对话、学生与学生对话、学生与课本对话的方式让整个语文阅读课程变得活跃起来,一方面加强了学生对于知识的阅读理解能力,另一方面也促进了教师、学生之间的和谐交流.本文通过对初中语文阅读对话教学理论进行研究,给出对话教学方式,最后结合实践分析对话教学在初中语文课堂阅读中的应用.     

论新课程改革背景下教师知识话语权的转型

在传统课程中,教师的知识话语权常常陷入两难困境:一方面课程编制的专家对知识拥有绝对话语权,教师只能作为知识的"传声筒",个体知识话语权没有得到应有的重视;另一方面,教师在课堂中控制了知识的传播与解释,学生处于"失语"状态。在新课程背景下,知识话语权开始层层下移,教师从专家那里获得个体知识话语权,学生从教师那里获得知识的"发声权"。作为权力的中间环节,教师的知识话语权发生了转型。     

从虚假到真实：中小学师生课堂对话重建

课堂对话是中小学课堂教学的主要方式,真实的对话不仅能实现课堂教学效果最大化,更有助于启迪师生间的平等对话关系,使教育走向对话和交往的新局面。但在实际课堂教学中,师生课堂对话普遍存在虚假现象,表现为师生话语权的单向化、对话方式的形式化和对话本质的理性化问题。为使课堂对话走向真实,促进课堂对话向双边化、实质化和人本化方向转变,应从师生话语权、对话方式及对话本质维度重新对其进行整体建构,使课堂对话成为促进学生有效发展的重要途径。     

初中道德与法治课程对话教学的有效建构

对话教学是增强思政课亲和力与针对性的重要路径。初中道德与法治课程对话教学的有效建构主要包括四个方面:设置对话教学目标驱动学生构建知识体系;创设对话教学环境,激发学生对话意愿;充分发挥对话主体的作用提升课堂对话实效;完善科学的对话评价机制,强化对话教学效果。思政课教师应增加知识储备,使学生在课堂中乐学善学、启智明理,从而落实立德树人根本任务。     

发展学力，培养学生信息技术学科核心素养——以苏教版信息技术课堂《初识Scratch》的教学为例

学力是学生知识技能、能力和情感的综合体。知识技能是显性学力,能力和情感是隐性学力。本文从对话课程特性出发,与童话情境对话,与文本特性对话,与课堂动态对话,与学科素养对话,在信息技术教学中发展学力,培养学生的核心素养。     

对话的前提——把话语权还给学生

阅读教学是学生、教师、教科书编者、文本之间的多重对话,是思想碰撞和心灵交流的过程。阅读中的对话与交流,应指向每一个学生的个体阅读。基于此,要实现课堂中的"多重对话",要激发"思想碰撞和心灵交流"的火花,教师必须把话语权归还给学生。把话语权还给学生,     

课堂互动与话语权关系把握分析及其启示

课堂互动是学生积极学习并掌握知识的有效途径。教师对课堂话语权关系把握直接影响到与学生语言互动的数量和语言质量。从学生学习知识的默契到教师引导性的互动直至学生自主性的话语权掌握是语言学习的基本过程。虽然教师始终是课堂话语权的掌控者,但教师应在互动中引导、扮演适宜角色,以协商等方式掌控课堂的话语。教师适时地把课堂话语权交给学生,将会大大地激发学生学习和实践知识的能力以及积极去探索和创新的能力。     

Interrupting Discourses Around Gender Through Collective Memory Work and Collaborative Curriculum Research in Middle School

Many schools in recent years have implemented curricular projects to 'deal with' homophobia and sexism as problems that affect adolescent students and make schools unsafe. The ways in which we, as teachers and researchers, confront such problems, however, depends upon how we view their power within schools. When viewed as discursive elements of a generally heteronormative school environment, gender and sexuality norms become more complicated and subtle, as they are a part of systems of language, actions, and expectations that can be difficult to problematize with students and teachers. Drawing on feminist post-structuralist theory related to normativity and discourse analysis, our research looks at two middle-school projects aimed at interrupting heteronormative thinking by including students in the process of analyzing and re-creating school discourse. In one project, a whole class looks at gender identity formation through analyzing collective memory works collaboratively with the teacher. In the second project, a smaller group of girls works to re-think ways that the science/math curriculum could be more responsive to girls, in the end also analyzing the work that comes out of the collaboration. Together, the projects raise important questions about the effectiveness of such curricular projects, the power of school language around 'adolescence', and the potential for addressing gender normativity on the level of discourse, especially in the face of such powerful ideas of gender/sexuality in the middle grades.     

论高校科学教育选修课程的跨学科价值和建构特征

科学教育课程的跨学科价值体现在社会价值、知识价值和个人价值等方面.课程内容体现出整体性、跨学科或超学科性特点;课程结构采取融合的形式,强调学生学习的独立性和创造性,强调对学生综合能力的培养,体现以人为本的指导思想均居科学教育课程的跨学科建构特征.而师资队伍、思想观念与理论基础、课程建构与分科教育的关系、课程的评估和逻辑体系等问题是科学教育课程建构需要进一步思考的问题.     

Promoting elementary students’ epistemology of science through computer-supported knowledge-building discourse and epistemic reflection

This study examined the role of computer-supported knowledge-building discourse and epistemic reflection in promoting elementary-school students’ scientific epistemology and science learning. The participants were 39 Grade 5 students who were collectively pursuing ideas and inquiry for knowledge advance using Knowledge Forum (KF) while studying a unit on electricity; they also reflected on the epistemic nature of their discourse. A comparison class of 22 students, taught by the same teacher, studied the same unit using the school’s established scientific investigation method. We hypothesised that engaging students in idea-driven and theory-building discourse, as well as scaffolding them to reflect on the epistemic nature of their discourse, would help them understand their own scientific collaborative discourse as a theory-building process, and therefore understand scientific inquiry as an idea-driven and theory-building process. As hypothesised, we found that students engaged in knowledge-building discourse and reflection outperformed comparison students in scientific epistemology and science learning, and that students’ understanding of collaborative discourse predicted their post-test scientific epistemology and science learning. To further understand the epistemic change process among knowledge-building students, we analysed their KF discourse to understand whether and how their epistemic practice had changed after epistemic reflection. The implications on ways of promoting epistemic change are discussed.     

课堂场域中的权力运作

在课堂场域中,权力以学生身体为作用点,以知识为基础,以话语为媒介,在宏观的战略性运作下尽可能轻便、迅速、有效地施行一系列具体的策略、手段与技术,并通过学生的自我知识和自我检视,制造与生产出驯服-有用的身体和自我规训的主体。作为渗透着权力效应的载体,学生便被整合在知识、话语、权力和能动性的共生体中,其获得的知识形式和主体形式也正是知识、话语、权力和能动性等各种关系综合作用的产物。     

Powerful knowledge: insights from music's case

This paper examines Young and Muller's elaboration of Michael Young's concept of powerful knowledge and considers music's alignment with the characteristics theorised as distinguishing this type of knowledge. Consideration of the concept in relation to music may be timely as music teachers continue to grapple with the problem of knowing what knowledge to include within the parameters of a school curriculum. The concept of powerful knowledge may provide us with a fresh way of considering what school music may have to offer in such a noisy and musically heterogeneous world. This curricular challenge, however, is by no means unique to music, even though it may be exacerbated in music which is so open to the forces of cultural change. I argue that access to this knowledge occurs by placing abstract concepts at the centre of curriculum conception as the means to mediate the space between everyday knowledge and the more vertical discourse of school knowledge. It is in this ‘academic’ space that students can come to understand and utilise music as a form of powerful knowledge, when epistemic understanding illuminates the experiential and aesthetic dimensions of musical experiences.     

Teaching the Election with Purpose: Toward a Framework of Racial Media Literacy and [Socio] Political Consciousness When Discussing Elections in the Social Studies Classroom

Infusing content about elections has not been an issue for social studies teachers, but rather contextualizing race discourse in discussions of elections has served as a curricular cessation for social studies teachers. This is especially concerning given that teachers' attempts to remain neutral with regards to race consequently results in a lack of racial awareness and sociopolitical consciousness pertaining to political issues among students. This article advocates for pedagogical frameworks of racial media literacy and (socio)political consciousness to address systemic issues of race as they are discussed in the election. The author argues that students, especially students of color, should be afforded the opportunity to critically interrogate media outlets, messages, and candidates' positioning of race as an effort to promote political consciousness that could potentially impact their immediate or future political decision making. Suggestions for enacting these frameworks are provided within the broader discourse on acquiring knowledge, political disclosure, and inquiry pedagogy.     

课堂场域中的权力运作与学生的生存境域

在课堂场域中,权力以学生身体为作用点,以知识为基础,以话语为媒介,在宏观的战略性运作下尽可能轻便、迅速、有效地施行一系列具体的策略、手段与技术,并通过学生的自我知识和自我检视,制造与生产出驯服-有用的身体和自我规训的主体。作为渗透着权力效应的载体,学生便被整合在知识、话语、权力和能动性的共生体中,其获得的知识形式和主体形式也正是知识、话语、权力和能动性等各种关系综合作用的产物。