Instructional Efficiency of Tutoring in an Outreach Gene Technology Laboratory

Our research objective focused on examining the instructional efficiency of tutoring as a form of instructional change as opposed to a non-tutoring approach in an outreach laboratory. We designed our laboratory based on cognitive load (CL) theory. Altogether, 269 twelfth-graders participated in our day-long module Genetic Fingerprinting. In a quasi-experimental design, the control group (n?=?121) followed the non-tutoring approach previously used, while the treatment group (n?=?148) followed the newly developed tutoring approach. Each tutor was in charge of two student work groups and recorded the tutoring activities requested by the tutees throughout the day. We measured the students’ invested mental effort (as an index of CL), cognitive achievement (in a pre-post-follow-up design), and the students’ cooperation in their work groups as well as calculated the student instructional involvement (as a motivational variable). Additionally, we examined which aspects of the hands-on phases were of particular relevance to the students’ invested mental effort. Unexpectedly, the combined mental effort and cognitive achievement data indicated that our implemented tutoring approach resulted in a lower instructional efficiency despite the relevance of tutoring for students’ mental effort invested during the experimental phases. Most of the tutor assistance was unnecessarily requested for performing the procedural steps and using the equipment. Our results indicate an assistance dilemma and consequently underscore the necessity for effective tutor preparation in outreach laboratories.     

网络电子电路仿真实验室的构建及其教学应用

对网络电子电路仿真实验室的软、硬件要求、构建方法作了介绍,对其教学功能和教学应用进行了探讨。     

An NCME Instructional Module on Multistage Testing

Multistage tests are those in which sets of items are administered adaptively and are scored as a unit. These tests have all of the advantages of adaptive testing, with more efficient and precise measurement across the proficiency scale as well as time savings, without many of the disadvantages of an item-level adaptive test. As a seemingly balanced compromise between linear paper-and-pencil and item-level adaptive tests, development and use of multistage tests is increasing. This module describes multistage tests, including two-stage and testlet-based tests, and discusses the relative advantages and disadvantages of multistage testing as well as considerations and steps in creating such tests.     

An Instructional Consultant Looks to the Future

In an era of proposed changes for the practice of school psychology, one of the most important roles is to help build the capacity of schools to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse and needy population. School psychologists are in a unique position to impact the tailoring of instruction to meet the needs of individual students. The Future of School Pschology conference explored a range of ideas on accomplishing this goal. Since practice changes begin at the individual level, there is a need to train school psychologists in consultation skills and support the use of those skills to generate positive changes for students, schools, and families. This article identifies areas of need and provides suggestions for future directions.     

《牛顿第一定律》一节的教学设计

在高中物理教学中,猜想与假设是在证据不足的情况下,学生尝试依据有限的线索、条件和知识经验,充分发挥直觉、想象等思维,运用科学的方法,对发现的问题提出创造性的解释或推测.通过猜想与假设训练.可以使学生获得科学的探究方法,进而在教学中全面有效地开展探究学习活动,转变学生的学习方式,培养学生的科学探宄能力.     

一种技术取向的技术整合教学设计模式

技术取向的技术整合教学设计不同于系统的教学设计过程。这种教学设计模式包括确定技术是否是解决教学问题的理想方法、明确目标和评价方法、确定技术整合策略、准备教学环境和评价与修订整合策略等五个阶段。这种模式对中小学教师开展信息技术与课程整合的实践具有很强的参考价值。     

汉诺(Hanoi)塔递归算法的教学研究

本结合图形详细分析了汉诺(Hanoi)塔递归算法，并用一个完全展开的汉诺塔递归程序帮助学生理解、掌握函数的递归及汉诺塔问题。     

孟子的教学心理探析

以《孟子》一书为依据,阐述孟子关于教子心理的思想。“教”的心理主要表现在教师心理、教育的意义、教育的目的和内容、办教育的前提、教育方法和原则等五方面;“学”的心理具体表现在注重主观能动性、注重非智力因素、立志和有基础、注重变通等五方面。     

建构主义教学观评析

建构主义教学理论在知识观、学习观和师生观等方面都有自己独到的见解,为我国现在的教学改革带来不少启示。但作为发展中的教学理论,建构主义教学理论仍有其偏颇和不足之处。且目前的教育教学实践活动也并非真正契合建构主义的本质精髓,对建构主义的理解还有着断章取义的曲解与误读。     

促进教师发展的抛锚式教学设计--基于《建筑与人》网站的案例研究

研究型课程的开设不仅给中小学教师提出了挑战,同时也促使教育研究者不得不思考教师教育的新模式。传统的教师培训一般是在"学校"情境中采用师生分离的方式进行的,显然与研究型课程的生成性特点不符。为此,研究者希望以网络为中介,探索一种在师生真实互动中支撑教师通过积极参与,不断反思,以学习者为中心的自主且可持续的发展途径。本文试图在利用学习科学成果并依托网络技术的基础上,展现一种促进教师专业发展的抛锚式教学设计,以支撑研究者、教师与学生围绕作为"锚"的主题网站《建筑与人》,在解决一系列真实问题的活动中共同成长。     

基于LabVIEW的低成本在线电子电路实验室的教学设计与开发

介绍了一种基于LabVIEW的低成本在线电子电路实验室,系统采用NI公司的电子教学平台ELVIS II,学生通过因特网使用LabVIEW的图形用户界面与系统进行交互,可以在任何时间任何地点独立完成自己所选择的实验,在成功在线提交实验报告之后通过简短问题的回答得到评分结果。此外还论述了实验室管理系统软件的构建方法,虚拟在线电子电路实验室在实际教学中的实践与应用,并对其教学效果进行了评估。     

教学过程与教学情境

借鉴系统工程的思想方法切入教学过程 ,对它进行层次分析 ,将教学过程分为“教”和“学”两个过程 ,在“学”的过程中 ,学生为主体 ,学习情境 (教学情境 )为客体 ;在“教”的过程中 ,教师为主体 ,教学情境为客体。教师的主导性、创造性、艺术性……无不反映在教师对教学情境的创设上 ,而学生的学习更是不能脱离“环境”———教学情境的认识过程。     

An Embedded and Embodied Cognition Review of Instructional Manipulatives

Recent literature on learning with instructional manipulatives seems to call for a moderate view on the effects of perceptual and interactive richness of instructional manipulatives on learning. This “moderate view” holds that manipulatives’ perceptual and interactive richness may compromise learning in two ways: (1) by imposing a very high cognitive load on the learner, and (2) by hindering drawing of symbolic inferences that are supposed to play a key role in transfer (i.e., application of knowledge to new situations in the absence of instructional manipulatives). This paper presents a contrasting view. Drawing on recent insights from Embedded Embodied perspectives on cognition, it is argued that (1) perceptual and interactive richness may provide opportunities for alleviating cognitive load (Embedded Cognition), and (2) transfer of learning is not reliant on decontextualized knowledge but may draw on previous sensorimotor experiences of the kind afforded by perceptual and interactive richness of manipulatives (Embodied Cognition). By negotiating the Embedded Embodied Cognition view with the moderate view, implications for research are derived.     

Instructional design project success factors: An empirical basis

Instructional design and development (ID) projects are undertaken every day, with project stakeholders attempting to concentrate their efforts and resources on the factors leading to a successful project. What are the factors that contribute to ID project success? Are they equally important to all stakeholders in an ID project? This article addresses these questions regarding ID project success. Using a variety of data-gathering techniques and incorporating the perspective of four stakeholder groups, this study identified twenty-three ID project success factors that were grouped into four categories. Data analysis revealed significant differences among: (a) the four stakeholder groups in terms of the importance they attached to the factors; and (b) the four success factor categories in terms of their importance to ID project success. Also, an interaction was found between stakeholder groups and success factor categories.     

An NCME Instructional Module on: Setting Passing Scores

This module describes standard setting for achievement measures used i n education, licensure, and certification. On completing the module, readers will be able to: describe what standard setting is, why it is necessary, what some of the purposes of standard setting are, and what professional guidelines apply to the design and conduct of a standard-setting procedure; differentiate among different models of standard setting; calculate a cutting score using various methods; identify appropriate sources of validity evidence and threats to the validity of a standard-setting procedure; and list some elements to be considered when evaluating the success of a standard-setting procedure. A self-test and annotated bibliography are provided at the end of the module. Teaching aids to accompany the module are available through NCME.     

支教模式分析：机制与限度

近几年来,中央及各地政府旨在通过支教方式解决贫困农村地区教师队伍结构性短缺的问题.在实践中探索出干部教育、地域地区对口支援、非政府组织支援、上级政府直补、顶岗实习支教、区域内资源再配置等支教模式并发挥了积极作用.分析不同支教模式在教师队伍建设中的机制及其限度,对农村地区中小学教师队伍建设的探索具有参照意义.