以“问题解决”为载体培养学生的数学思维能力

随着新一轮的课程改革不断深入,初中数学教育已经开始重视对学生实践能力和创新能力的培养,培养学生“问题解决”的能力已成为达到新课程改革要求的重要途径,而提高学生“问题解决”能力的关键则是培养学生的数学思维能力．     

浅析自主学习在初中数学课堂教学中的开展

随着基础教育课程地不断改革,改变原来的教学方式,提倡自主学习教学方式,旨在培养学生的自主学习能力,已经成为现代教学追求的教学目标。自主学习教学的主要目的是教育学生独立思考问题,培养学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力、创新能力和实践能力。本文就如何在初中数学课堂教学中开展自主学习进行分析,以寻求较佳的教学模式。     

初中数学生活化教学的内涵、意义及策略

正随着现代教育的发展,课程改革进入了一个新的阶段,素质教育不再是一句口号,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力已经成为现代课堂教学的主要目标。新课程强调,课堂教学要以学生为主体,以学生实际为出发点,在学生已经具备的知识和经验基础之上进行建构式学习。基于这样的教学目标,初中数学课堂教学的生活化成为了课堂改革的必然趋势。一、数学生活化教学的内涵1.概念的界定数学生活化,是指在数学教学过程中,从学生已经具备的生     

试论初中探究性数学教学的内涵及实施策略

初中探究性数学教学是一种教学方法，是一种数学教学思想，它具有全民性、平等性、基础性的特征，也具有探究性、开放性、拓展性的特征。为了提高初中探究性数学教学的质量，应当注意：设计开放的数学问题情境，诱发学生参与探究的意识；注重过程性教学，培养并优化学生数学探究的品质；帮助学生表征问题并掌握变换问题的策略；指导合作交流，培养学生合作探究的能力；引导学生学会自主探索和自我反省。     

推行“减负”,创新初中数学教学方案

数学课程的主旨在于能够培养出同学逻辑思考的能力,通过合理的逻辑分析处理现实中的众多问题.社会的日渐发展也对数学人才的更深层数学能力提出了更高的要求.但随着初中数学教学课程难度的加大,学生在数学学科的学习中开始产生了一系列问题,这将会严重影响到学生未来的数学学习.本文就初中数学教学中改革所产生的问题进行总结,对"减负"进行深入探究,进行总结归纳方案.教育体制中的课程改革直接影响着国家社会文化水平,我国也已开始依据不同课程特点,制定不同的课程教学方案的倡导创新课程教育.而现阶段数学教学中仍存在一些不足有待进步优化,如教师通常无法掌握教学的实质性内在涵义,无法做到教学内容与实际的具体结合,在初中数学课堂中无法带领学     

基于探究思维培养的初中数学教学方法探究

在新课程标准的改革背景下,传统的初中数学教学模式已经达不到新课标的要求,为此教育界诸多人士对传统的死记硬背模式进行了大量的改进。因此出现了合作学习、探究性学习等等,其中对于初中数学教学来说探究性教学的效果较好,通过探究性学习学生极大地提升了自主创新、自主探究等能力。本文将以初中数学教学中探究性学习的主要内容和现状为切入点,对更好地在初中数学教学中实施探究性学习提出了几点建议,希望对教育事业有所帮助。     

初中数学探究性学习方法的指导

当代教育对于教学的基本要求就是重视开发学生智力,提高学生的思维能力,达到培养学生自主学习、深入探究的目的．在新一轮的课程改革当中,数学作为基础课程被推向中小学教育改革的前沿,将探究性学习应用于数学课程已经成为数学教学的必然．     

浅谈探究性学习在初中数学课堂中的尝试

探究性学习是教育体制改革下的一种不同于传统的死记硬背的重要的学习方法。在初中数学教学中恰当运用探究性学习的教学方法能激发学生学习兴趣,调动学生的积极性和主动性,使他们参与到教育教学活动中。这不仅促进学生对数学知识点的理解,还培养了学生的数学综合能力,提高了教学效率。因此,在教学过程中,教师应合理创设教学情境,调动学生的学习兴趣和学习积极性;采用合作学习,培养学生的自主探究能力;注重实践,提高学生的独立思考能力;激励性评价,让学生体验探究的乐趣。     

浅谈探究性学习在初中数学课堂中的尝试

探究性学习是教育体制改革下的一种不同于传统的死记硬背的重要的学习方法。在初中数学教学中恰当运用探究性学习的教学方法能激发学生学习兴趣,调动学生的积极性和主动性,使他们参与到教育教学活动中。这不仅促进学生对数学知识点的理解,还培养了学生的数学综合能力,提高了教学效率。因此,在教学过程中,教师应合理创设教学情境,调动学生的学习兴趣和学习积极性;采用合作学习,培养学生的自主探究能力;注重实践,提高学生的独立思考能力;激励性评价,让学生体验探究的乐趣。     

浅谈课改新环境下如何提高初中数学的教学效率

初中数学教学效率的高低,直接影响学生的学习兴趣和思维能力的发展,在课程改革不断推进的新环境下,如何提高初中数学的教学效率一直备受广大教育工作者深切关注。有创新才会有提高,初中数学教学更是如此,只有不断创新教学方法、积极改变教学理念、合理运用现代教育科学手段、充分了解学生实际情况、不断培养学生学习兴趣,才能从根本上实现提高初中数学教学效率。     

小学数学教学原则简论

小学生的思维处于具体运算或前运算阶段,小学数学以合情推理为主,教学内容基本上按照儿童的认知发展过程编排。根据儿童的思维发展水平、数学认知特点和我国小学数学教育的具体情况,小学数学教育应遵循从具体水平开始教学的原则、从儿童的数学现实出发的原则、以理解为基础的原则和数学活动教学原则。     

Teacher Education in Denmark

The paper describes the national roots of Danish teacher education, its position as being regulated by parliamentary legislation, and lists the types of institutions giving teacher education for various school forms.

It concentrates on teacher education for the main school, Primary and lower Secondary, age range 6‐16, which is given in colleges of education, whose entrance qualifications are the same as those of universities.

It goes on to describe the legal basis and practical functioning of this type of teacher education, giving information about overall aims and objectives, and curricula in the concurrent Danish system. The democratic agents regulating the education on the local as well as national level are described. Subsequently, it describes the relationship between theory and practice, and after this Danish teacher education is placed in the European picture.

Finally, the paper describes aspects of Danish teacher education as seen from the writer's position as subject area manager for English.     

创新教育与数学教学

知识经济时代需要创新人才，创新人才的培养靠教育，在数学教学中注重创新教育具有非常重要的意义。同时，在数学教学中，要抓住创新教育的特点，深化数学教学中的创新教育。     

On defining distance education

Four generally accepted definitions of distance education are analysed and from them six components of a comprehensive definition are chosen. The forms of education that are considered to fall within the concept of distance education as outlined are considered from the point of view of choice of medium, institutional type and didactic model. Various forms of education that bear some similarities to distance education but are not to be identified with it are described. The term ‘distance education’ is proposed as the most satisfactory solution to the problem of terminology.

The term ‘distance education’ covers the various forms of study at all levels which are not under the continuous, immediate supervision of tutors present with their students in lecture rooms or on the same premises, but which, nevertheless, benefit from the planning, guidance and tuition of a tutorial organisation.

(Holmberg,1977:9)

Distance education is education which either does not imply the physical presence of the teacher appointed to dispense it in the place where it is received or in which the teacher is present only on occasion or for selected tasks.

(Loi 71.556 du 12 juillet 1971)

Distance teaching/education (Fernunterricht) is a method of imparting knowledge, skills and attitudes which is rationalised by the application of division of labour and organisational principles as well as by the extensive use of technical media, especially for the purpose of reproducing high quality teaching material which makes it possible to instruct great numbers of students at the same time wherever they live. It is an industrialised form of teaching and learning.

(Peters, 1973:206)

Distance teaching may be defined as the family of instructional methods in which the teaching behaviours are executed apart from the learning behaviours, including those that in a contiguous situation would be performed in the learner's presence, so that communication between the teacher and the learner must be facilitated by print, electronic, mechanical or other devices.

(Moore, 1973:664)     

藏族大学生数学学习心理及其相关因素调查报告

藏族学生数学教育是目前教育教学改革研究中的一个重要研究课题,国内好多致力于民族教育事业的教育专家对中学藏族学生的数学教育及学习心理做过深入地调查研究,总结出一些行之有效的教学改革方案,但对藏族大学生的数学学习未做过调查,尤其是藏汉双语数学教育专业大学生的数学学习及心理未做过实际的调查研究。为了提高藏族地区的数学教学质量,提高藏民族的整体科技文化水平,通过对合作民族师范高等专科学校藏汉双语理科教育系的藏汉双语数学教育专业八个年级的153名学生逐年进行问卷调查,总结提出了六条改进和提高教育教学质量的建议。     

ADULT HIGHER EDUCATION IN SWEDEN

Wider access of adults to higher education is one of the objectives in promoting the rôle of higher education especially in the context of lifelong education and democratization of higher education.

We give below information on adults’ participation in Swedish higher education as well as institutional provisions for this group.     

Teacher Education in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic

Teacher education in Czechoslovakia is part of a unified national provision of education; this covers in‐service as well as pre‐service training. The basis is that of training at Higher education level followed by life‐long upgrading.

The Marxist‐Leninist view is that the quality of the teacher is central to the educational process. Consequently, the initial and in‐service training of the teacher are of paramount importance, and the Czechoslovak system aims at an integrated approach to the entire process. In this process, acquisition of ideological, as well as professional, maturity, is seen as essential. Equally, the teacher must master his chosen discipline (s) in the scientific sense.

Additionally, it is important that the teacher be able to participate actively in the community—in, for example, family education, health care and concern for the environment.

Against this background of goals, the author outlines the Czechoslovak institutional provision for initial training, conditions for enrolment and the process of obtaining a post, before providing an in‐depth examination of the country's provision of in‐service education. A final section emphasises the position of the teacher in society, and specifically in socialist society. The teacher is, quite simply, a key figure and teacher education has to be built around this fact.

Svatopluk S. Petrá?ek is Professor of Education and Director of the European Centre of the Charles University for Further Education of Teachers.     

用Z分数评价学生的探索与思考

我国基础教育正在实施重大改革,对数学教育评价的正确认识,对学生的学习、教师的教学作出正确评价是进行数学教育改革的关键。如何进行考试,怎么看待分数,对于改善教师教学、激发学生学习数学的积极性.促进数学教师和学生的发展与成长具有重要意义。     

数学建模在高职数学教学改革中作用的探讨

面对高职学生数学基础较差,教材严重匮乏滞后、教学模式僵化的现状,高职教育需要从教学理念与目标、教学内容、教学方法和教学手段等方面进行改革,真正把教学质量置于素质的平台上。数学建模对培养学生的思维,提高数学应用意识,培养数学素养等方面起着重要的作用。通过数学建模活动,可以打破传统的注重理论学习、忽视数学知识应用的教学模式,进一步深化高职数学教学改革。     

CANADA: PLANS TO CREATE OPEN LEARNING INSTITUTION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Experiments for open learning higher education institution are being made in many countries. This form of study is seen as one of the ways of democratizing higher education as well as tailoring the aims of higher education to national and regional needs.

We give below information on an open learning institution of higher education in British Columbia, which will start functioning in the autumn of 1978.