Optimal arrangement of viscoelastic dampers for seismic control of adjacent shear-type structures

The optimal arrangement of viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) used to link two adjacent shear-type structures under seismic excitation was investigated. A two-step optimal design method is proposed. First, optimal parameter expressions of the Kelvin model are used to calculate the optimal stiffness and damping coefficient of the VEDs. Then, using the two-step optimal design method, taking the quadratic performance index as the optimization objective, the optimal arrangement of the dampers is determined. General rules about the optimal arrangement of the VEDs were obtained. The results show that the placement of only one damper between two adjacent shear-type structures should be avoided; if more than one damper is used, they should be distributed on the top and lower floors of the structures. Optimization of the number of dampers had little effect on response reduction. The most important factor was the optimization of the placement of the dampers. Through comparative study, for buildings of equal and unequal heights, the optimal parameters of dampers from parametric studies were shown to match the theoretical results for different numbers and placements of dampers. The level of response reduction was shown to be sensitive to the damping coefficient of the dampers.     

阻尼器连接的毗邻建筑地震响应分析(英文)

建立阻尼器连接的毗邻建筑在地震力作用下的运动方程．在求解地震响应时,地面运动加速度被描述为一随机过程．由于结构系统的非正交阻尼性质,用虚拟激励法在频域内求解结构地震响应．通过分析得出,毗邻建筑用阻尼器连接后,结构的地震响应得到有效控制,较连接前明显改善;选择一定的阻尼器参数可得最佳的减震效果．     

Maximum relative displacement of adjacent buildings during ground motions

In order to give the reasonable width of seismic gaps to prevent the structural pounding during ground motions,the maximum relative displacement of adjacent structures is studied in this paper.The factors that may have effects on the maximum relative displacement are discussed.As for multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) systems,they can be equivalent to single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) systems with the influences of high modes neglected.The results show that the period ratio,height ratio and peak ground acceleration are the main factors that have great effects on the maximum relative displacement of adjacent structures.The maximum relative displacement of MDOF systems can be obtained from calculating the maximum relative displacement of the equivalent SDOF systems.     

斜齿轮副结构参数灵敏度分析

以机械传动系统中的斜齿轮啮合为研究对象,在考虑时变刚度、齿侧间隙和啮合误差的情况下,建立了十自由度斜齿轮非线性振动数学模型。以斜齿轮结构参数作为灵敏度分析参数,采用数值分析方法分别研究了斜齿轮系统振动加速度均方根值对齿轮质量、支撑刚度和支撑阻尼的灵敏度。结果表明:主、被动轮横向（y向）振动对各参数敏感度较低,横向振动（x向）与被动轮扭转振动对质量参数、刚度参数、阻尼参数较为敏感,被动轮扭转振动受到阻尼的影响很大,灵敏度在扭转振动固有频率处变化较大。     

小波分解法在多自由度线性体系地震反应分析中的应用

介绍小波变换的分频机理,利用多分辨分析推导多自由度线性体系地震反应分析的基本公式,建立求解结构动力响应的小波分解法.算例表明:线性体系的地震响应可由各频带动力响应叠加而成,验证了线性系统动力响应唯一性的结论.利用小波多分辨率的特点可安全有效地滤去地震动高频成分,提高信噪比.高频抑制后的重构信号动力响应与原始地震动响应误差很小,说明地震动高频成分对结构振动影响甚微.     

Parametric formulae for axial stiffness of CHS X-joints subjected to brace axial tension

Recent research has shown that circular hollow section (CHS) joints may exhibit non-rigid behavior under axial load or bending. The non-rigid behavior significantly affects the mechanical performance of structures. This paper is concerned with the parametric formulae for predicting axial stiffness of CHS X-joints while braces are in tension. The factors influencing the axial stiffness of CHS X-joints under brace axial tension are investigated, including the joint geometric parameters, the axial force of the chord, and bending moments of braces in two directions, etc. Effects of various parameters on axial stiffness of CHS X-joints are examined by systematic single-parameter nonlinear analysis using shell finite element methods. The analysis is implemented in a finite element code, ANSYS. The observed trends form the basis of the formulae for calculating the joint axial stiffness under brace axial tension by multivariate regression technique. In order to simplify the formulae, two non-dimensional variables are introduced. The proposed formulae can be used to calculate the joint axial stiffness in the design of single-layer steel tubular structures.     

Retrofit of Ressalat jacket platform （Persian Gulf） using friction damper device

A friction damper device (FDD) is used for vibration control of an existing steel jacket platform under seismic excitation. First, the damping is presented for vibration mitigation of structures located in seismically active zones. A new method for quick design of friction or yielding damping devices is presented. The effectiveness of the damping system employing such FDDs in a jacket platform is evaluated numerically. The influence of key parameters of the damping system on the vibration suppression of the offshore structure is studied in detail. To examine the vibration control effectiveness of the FDD for the jacket platform, performance of the controlled structure under the seismic forces is studied using numerical simulations. A parametric study is undertaken to discover the optimized slip load and brace area of the FDD. It is shown that the FDD is effective in mitigating the dynamic responses of the offshore platform structure.     

Comprehensive study on the results of tension leg platform responses in random sea

INTRODUCTION There is obvious demand for oil exploitation in deep water. Increasing water depth will make the environment more severe and so some innovative structures are required for economic production of gas and petroleum in deep water. An engineering idea is the minimization of the structure resistance to en-vironmental loads by making the structure flexible. This structural flexibility causes nonlinearity in the structural stiffness matrix because of large deforma-tions. Wave loadi…     

Dynamic stiffness for thin-walled structures by power series

INTRODUCTION Thin-walled structures have considerable tech-nological importance in many situations of engi-neering practice. The rotary and warping inertia terms should be considered in the analyses of thin-walled structures (Alwis and Wang, 1996), although it is difficult to obtain the analytical solutions of govern-ing differential equations, especially of thin-walled frame and spatial twisted structure. The finite element method (FEM) is widely used for vibration and sta-bility analy…     

Theoretical elastoplastic analysis for foundations with geosynthetic-encased columns

As a new technique in ground improvement, geosynthetic-encased columns (GECs) have promising applications in soft soil foundation. By assuming yielding occurs in the columns while the surrounding soil and the geosynthetic remain elastic, an elastoplastic analytical procedure for foundations improved by GECs is proposed. The radial stresses that the geosynthetic provides and the elastoplastic deformations of the foundation resting on a rigid base are derived. A comparison with finite element analysis shows that the proposed method is effective and can provide a reasonable prediction of a GEC??s deformation. Subsequent parametric analysis indicates that higher geosynthetic stiffness leads to better performance of the composite foundation. The optimum length of encasement is related to the load acting on the foundation and the permissible vertical and radial displacements of the column. Moreover, as the dilation angle of the column increases, the settlement decreases, especially under high loading. The influence of the encasement is more significant in soils with smaller elastic modulus.     

A co-rotational updated Lagrangian formulation for a 2D beam element with consideration of the deformed curvature

A tensor-based updated Lagrangian （UL） formulation for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of 2D beam-column structures is developed by using curvilinear coordinates, which has considered the effects of the deformed curvature. Between the known configuration C1 and the desired configuration C2, a configuration C2^＊ derived by rigid-body motion of C1 is introduced to eliminate the element-end transverse displacements between C2^＊ and C2. A stiffness matrix is obtained in C2^＊; and then by a transformation defined by the element-end displacements, the stiffness matrix in C2^＊ is transformed into that in CI. Comparing the stiffness matrix with that in the conventional UL formulation for a 2D beam element, the initial displacement stiffness matrix emerges, which results from the deformed curvature within the element. Numerical examples have verified the accuracy and efficiency of the present formulation, and the results show that the deformed curvatures have significant effects when deformations are large.     

3-D scattering of obliquely incident plane p waves by alluvial valley embedded in layered half-space

The indirect boundary element method(IBEM) was established to solve the problem of 3-D seismic responses of 2-D topographies,by calculating the free-field responses with the direct-stiffness method and simulating the scattering wave fields with the dynamic Green’s functions of moving distributed loads.The proposed method yields accurate results,because the 3-D dynamic stiffness matrixes used are exact and the fictitious moving distributed loads can be acted directly on the interface between the alluvial valley and the layered half-space without singularity.The comparison with the published methods verifies the validity of the proposed method.And the numerical analyses are performed to give some beneficial conclusions.The study shows that 3-D scattering by an alluvial valley is essentially different from the 2-D case,and that the presence of soil layer affects not only the amplitude value of surface displacements but also the distribution of surface displacements.     

橡胶浮置板轨道对城市高架箱梁减振特性数值分析

为了研究橡胶浮置板轨道对城市高架箱梁结构的减振特性,建立了高架橡胶浮置板轨道结构三雏有限元模型,分析了当减振器刚度和轨道板长度变化对高架桥系统动力响应影响。研究结果表明。减振器刚度的改变对浮置板前10阶振动频率分布影响较大,对累积质量分数分布特性几乎没有影响,相同阶数条件下浮置板的振动主频随减振器刚度减小而减小;列车通过时浮置板轨道以增大自身的振动来达到减小对桥梁结构振动能量输入的目的,在减振频率范围内,浮置板的减振效果随减振器刚度增大而减小,随浮置板长度的减小而减小。     

重生原型结构在畲族神话《天眼重开》中的体现

通过对荣格理论体系的考察与消解,提出荣格的原型两重性：原型意象（archetypal image）与原型结构（archetypal structure）,并以这一特定角度从重生原型结构的内在框架：自身与阿尼玛的融合实现个性的扩张;重生原型结构在故事层面的外化：英雄成神;重生原型结构在社会层面的强化：神话的讲述等三方面分析畲族创世神话《天眼重开》的重生原型结构,重点阐述重生这一特定的原型结构在构成该神话情节中起到的关键作用,即人追求个性化和实现自我的心理历程,并在此基础上说明重生原型结构的群体社会意义。     

WPT-based modal control on distributed structures with MRF-04K damper

The magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper-based semiactive control systems have received considerable attention for protecting structures against natural hazards such as strong earthquakes and high winds. In this paper, a novel modal controller using wavelet packet transform (WPT) is proposed for the vibration control of distributed structures. In the proposed control system, the WPT method is utilized to decompose the acceleration measurement and select the modes containing most of the WPT energy component as the dominant modes. Then, a modal controller is designed to control the dominant modes and the optimal active control force is solved. Finally, Clipped-optimal con- trol law is adopted to determine the voltage applied to each MR damper. A Kalman-filter observer, which estimates the full controlled modal states from local accelerometer feedbacks, is designed for rendering the controller to be more applicable to distributed structures with a large number of degrees of freedom. A numerical example of a stadium roof structure installed with MRF-04K damper is presented. The effectiveness of the controller is evaluated under both Tianjin and El Centro earthquake excitations. The superior performance and adaptability of the controller for versatile loading conditions are demonstrated through the comparison with traditional truncated modal controller.     

Vertical vibration of a large diameter pile embedded in inhomogeneous soil based on the Rayleigh-Love rod theory

The vertical vibration of a large diameter pile embedded in inhomogeneous soil with hysteretic type damping is investigated based on the 3D axisymmetric model. Firstly, the pile is assumed to be a Rayleigh-Love rod with the consideration of its transverse inertia effect. Following this assumption, the pile-soil system is divided into several segments according to the stratification of the surrounding soil, and the dynamic interactions of the adjacent soil layers are simulated using the distributed Voigt model. Meanwhile, the surrounding soil is discretized into finite annular vertical zones to consider its radial inhomogeneity, and the force equilibrium and displacement coordination are satisfied at the interfaces of the adjacent soil zones and the interface of the pile-soil. Then, the analytical solution in the frequency domain and the semi-analytical solution in the time domain are obtained by solving the vibration governing equations of pile-soil system. Based on the solutions, a parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of the transverse inertia effect on the dynamic response of the large diameter pile and its relationship with the pile parameters and the radial inhomogeneity of the surrounding soil. Finally, a comparison with the measured result and two other calculated results is presented to verify the effectiveness of the present solution.     

Nonlinear dynamic response of stay cables under axial harmonic excitation

This paper proposes a new numerical simulation method for analyzing the parametric vibration of stay cables based on the theory of nonlinear dynamic response of structures under the asynchronous support excitation. The effects of important parameters related to parametric vibration of cables, i.e., characteristics of structure, excitation frequency, excitation amplitude, damping effect of the air and the viscous damping coefficient of the cables, were investigated by using the proposed method for the cables with significant length difference as examples. The analysis results show that nonlinear finite element method is a powerful technique in analyzing the parametric vibration of cables, the behavior of parametric vibration of the two cables with different Irvine parameters has similar properties, the amplitudes of parametric vibration of cables are related to the frequency and amplitude of harmonic support excitations and the effect of distributed viscous damping on parametric vibration of the cables is very small.     

调心球轴承动态特性参数分析

基于Jones-Harris方法建立了调心球轴承的动力学模型,应用Newton-Raphson方法对轴承动力学方程组进行了求解,开发了相应的计算程序.完成了该轴承的离心力、陀螺力矩、接触载荷、接触角、径向变形与径向刚度等动态特性参数分析.分析结果表明：转速与载荷是影响接触角大小与接触载荷分布最主要的2个因素;滚子的离心力与陀螺力矩随着转速的上升而增大,在此影响下外圈接触载荷增大而内圈接触载荷减小;受离心力的影响,外圈的接触角减小而内圈的接触角增大,且随着转速的增加,内外圈接触角的差值越来越大;轴承的径向刚度随着转速的上升而下降,而滚道沟曲率系数也对轴承径向刚度有一定程度的影响.     

Estimating seismic demand parameters using the endurance time method

The endurance time (ET) method is a time history based dynamic analysis in which structures are subjected to gradually intensifying excitations and their performances are judged based on their responses at various excitation levels. Using this method, the computational effort required for estimating probable seismic demand parameters can be reduced by an order of magnitude. Calculation of the maximum displacement or target displacement is a basic requirement for estimating performance based on structural design. The purpose of this paper is to compare the results of the nonlinear ET method with the nonlinear static pushover (NSP) method of FEMA 356 by evaluating performances and target displacements of steel frames. This study will lead to a deeper insight into the capabilities and limitations of the ET method. The results are further compared with those of the standard nonlinear response history analysis. We conclude that results from the ET analysis are in proper agreement with those from standard procedures.     

“荒唐人”的自由之路——《一个荒唐人的梦》中荒唐人形象及其现代性

荒唐人是陀思妥耶夫斯基晚年的寓言式短篇小说《一个荒唐人的梦》的主人公。作家借助这一形象艺术地呈现出他对个体人及整个人类的自由精神发展阶段的沉思,精炼地概括了他所体验到的真理与自由的真谛,具有深刻的启示性意义。