基于粗糙集理论的项目联盟成功关键影响因素研究

项目联盟作为一种相对新颖的项目管理模式,其成功实施对于改善和提高工程项目的效率成效显著。总结国外有关项目联盟主要成功因素的研究现状,通过内在逻辑关联分析初步归纳影响项目联盟成功的主要因素,结合项目联盟成功标准,构建基于粗糙集理论的项目联盟成功关键影响因素分析模型,提炼出项目联盟成功的关键影响因素,包括对联盟成员的选择、沟通水平、联盟激励机制、联盟领导者能力,并从项目联盟的生命周期视角予以划分。研究结论对于提高我国工程项目管理水平,促使项目成功具有重要意义。     

科技重大专项管理模式研究

科技重大专项是一种具有明确目标和特定方向的大型创新性活动,其实施涉及关键核心技术研发、重要产品开发或重大工程建设,对于增强我国自主创新能力和提升我国国际影响力以及建设创新型国家等具有重要意义。基于项目管理理论、项目化理论、系统论、组织管理等相关管理理论和知识,针对科技重大专项的组织实施过程开展深入研究;借鉴已实施的成功重大项目的组织与管理经验,构建适合我国国情的科技重大专项管理模式,以促进我国科技重大专项组织管理水平和管理效率的进一步提升。     

Foreign affiliates,export success of local firms and host country innovation capability

The paper contributes to the empirical literature by investigating host country innovation capability and export success of local firms as main determinants of technology transfer spending by foreign affiliates. In addition, the paper succeeds to partially explains why previous studies show mixed support for the significance of the technology diffusion from foreign affiliates by estimating the innovation capability threshold level. Using data for majority-owned foreign affiliates of the US parent companies in 32 developed and developing countries during the period 1966–2000, the panel data models have two main results. The first result is that the host country innovation capability and export success of local firms have significant impact on the technology transfer spending by foreign affiliates. The second result is that many developing countries do not attain the innovation capability threshold level in order to obtain positive technology spillovers from foreign affiliates.     

基于技术路线图方法的内向和外向开放式创新组织模式研究

 在内向和外向开放式创新过程中,企业采取何种组织模式才能有效利用内部和外部的知识或技术是企业成功实施的关键所在。基于内向开放式创新和外向开放式创新的耦合关系,本文将内向开放式创新市场拉力路线图（MPRIOI）和外向开放式创新技术推力路线图（TPROOI）进行了整合。内向开放式创新企业在市场分析、产品分析和技术分析三个阶段,可分别采用非股权战略联盟、购买技术服务和购买技术授权的组织模式实现内向开放式创新;外向开放式创新企业在技术分析、产品分析和市场分析三个阶段,可分别采用非股权战略联盟、提供技术服务和提供技术授权的组织模式实现外向开放式创新。借助技术路线图方法帮助企业在在内部技术开发和外部技术开发之间进行决策,在内向开放式创新、外向开放式创新以及封闭式创新之间寻找到创新战略的最佳均衡点。     

世界主要发达国家基于CTI的技术转移成功经验评析

以基于技术竞争情报（CTI）的技术转移这一全新的视角，本文考察了美国、日本、韩国、芬兰和德国的潜在成功经验。认为世界上主要发达国家在新的历史时期进行产业革命、创新发展中与有效实施基于CTI的技术转移手段和方法是分不开的，并提出了我国在提升企业竞争力、引导产业升级和促进区域创新发展的战略思考。     

基于行业异质性解构我国高技术产业创新价值链

运用SFA修正DEA模型测度高技术产业17个子行业的创新效率.研究发现:高技术产业技术吸收阶段创新效率偏低,而易受环境影响的知识创造阶段和成果转化阶段出现了虚高情况;高技术产业创新活动中技术因素发挥主导作用,规模还可以进一步扩大;技术吸收阶段总体效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均高于知识创造阶段与成果转化阶段;外部环境对高技术产业各行业、各创新价值链阶段的影响皆存在很大差异,既会导致某些创新投入资源冗余,也会从价值链内部增进创新效率.     

基于SD的重大工程项目治理动态仿真研究

在深入解析我国特殊情境基础上,识别重大工程项目治理机制维度,并基于系统动力学(SD)探讨重大工程项目治理效应非线性涌现规律.结果表明,在中国情境下的重大工程项目实施的周期中,契约治理和行政治理在前期阶段占主导地位,推动着项目的发展;而关系治理在中后期的作用明显,有效推动治理绩效的提高,并超越契约治理和行政治理占据主导地位;同时,收益分配、关系维护和政府监管尤其是关系维护对治理绩效的影响相对较大.该研究可以为项目各参与方提升重大工程项目治理能力和实现项目成功提供参考依据.     

服务生态系统视角下多主体参与的服务创新过程

基于服务生态系统视角探索多主体参与的服务创新过程，以软件服务企业服务项目实施过程展开案例分析。研究表明：行动主体在服务创新过程中不同阶段的服务生态系统结构和知识共创具有差异性。先导阶段为核心行动主体型结构，以内向型知识共创为主；发生阶段主为多元网络型结构，以内向型与外向型知识共创混合为特征；输出阶段为多元网络型或复杂系统型结构，以外向型知识共创为主。案例揭示了服务创新过程中行动主体参与度、知识共创和服务创新绩效的内在影响关系，为探究多主体服务创新内在机理提供了理论框架。     

Technological innovation in a research laboratory in India: A case study

This paper focuses on the managerial processes involved in a major technological innovation in India. The innovation process was found to be extremely complex with a large number of organizations involved in it at different points in time. The laboratory faced a number of problems as a result of a high degree of uncertainty in the government's policy towards it. a hostile external environment and a lack of credibility with its external constituencies. A number of factors associated with the managerial actions seem to have aided in the success of the innovation. These were: (1) the presence of a product champion during most of the technology development stage. (2) continued support of the project by the top man of the laboratory after the departure of the product champion, (3) strong commitment of the technology development team based on pride in indigenous technology. (4) effective relationships developed by the product champion with the key decision makers in government, (5) close association of the design group team of committed consultants for a considerably long period of lime. (6) supportive external evaluation by funding agencies at a later stage in the innovation process, and (7) an organic linkage between the technology development and stages provided by transferring the development team to the manufacturing enterprise.     

组织控制、知识创造与技术创新关系研究

引入组织控制变量,对企业发展不同时期情境下知识创造与技术创新的关系进行探讨,分析知识创造对技术创新的主效应及组织控制在其中的调节效应,采用因子分析、相关分析和最优尺度回归方法对来自950家科技型中小企业的有效数据进行实证检验,结果表明:在初创期和成长期中知识创造对技术创新具有明显的促进作用,并且契约控制在其中发挥着显著的调节效应,成长期中信任控制的正向调节效应明显,初创期中信任控制的正向调节效应不明显。     

An integrated framework for RFID adoption and diffusion with a stage-scale-scope cubicle model: A case of Indonesia

This study presents a comprehensive framework to identify dynamic radio frequency identification (RFID) adoption and diffusion from three different perspectives: stages of adoption, levels of analysis, and domain of issues. The main concern of this study is stages of adoption, which covers three phases in respect of the maturity of the RFID project and the sophistication of business applications and RFID technology. The level of analysis involves different units of analysis beyond the organization level, including the industry- and country-level, which is lacking in the current literature. To understand dimensions of RFID issues, a strategy, technology, organization, people and environment (STOPE) based approach was applied. An extensive review of prior literature was conducted to find various RFID success factors and the Delphi method was applied to find positions of these factors within the framework. Based on the Delphi, some factors belong to early stage of adoption, and some others persist in the later stages of adoption. At the country level, factors such as RFID national policy, R&D policy and income per capita were accepted by most experts at the preliminary and intermediate stage; strategy and environment were accepted as important domains. To find practical implications of the framework, a case study of Indonesia was conducted at each level of analysis. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to identify most important factors and important domains of issues with respect to the factors from the Delphi results. At country level, RFID policy, vision of leadership and RFID potential market are the most important factors; strategy and environment are the most important domains.     

不同情境下创新项目关键成功因素间关系的研究

在不同情境下,创新项目关键成功因素应该有所不同,本研究探讨了不同产品创新项目类型与不同环境不确定情境下关键成功因素间的差异,研究发现不同创新项目的关键成功因素部份相同,部份不相同,而营销及研发部门的整合、开发能力、创新项目执行熟练程度等3项在两种创新项目中均为重要关键成功因素。高度创新项目需注重团队技巧、科研能力、项目管理者的能力与高层管理者的关心度等关键成功因素;低度创新项目则需要更注重营销能力因素。此外,本研究也发现不同创新项目类型与不同环境不确定性下的项目,其关键成功因素之间的关系也不同。     

集成创新过程中的知识粘性表现及对策分析

知识粘性是知识转移过程中体现出来的困难因素.集成创新是以开放的产品建构来集成多种来源的技术,如何克服集成创新过程中的知识粘性成为技术集成创新成功的关键.本文将技术集成创新的过程分成三个阶段并研究了三阶段知识粘性的不同表现.第一阶段主要是吸收知识的能力、知识的相容性、多样性技能人才等;第二阶段主要是现有的知识技能存量、领域本体、知识来源的品质等;第三阶段主要是新知识的应用及其与预期目标的融合.分析了新科电子集团公司克服知识粘性实现系统集成创新的经验.研究目的在于帮助企业在开展集成创新时,针对三阶段知识粘性的不同表现,有针对性地采取克服知识粘性的措施,以提高集成创新的效率.     

A structural equation model of the impact of the “fuzzy front end” on the success of new product development

In this study of new product development projects, the fuzzy front end of innovation was explored. The new product development process has multiple stages, so two types of fuzzy front end impacts on the success of new product development were examined: (1) a direct impact and (2) an indirect impact by influencing the next stage of the new product development process, i.e. project execution. Furthermore, the degree of project newness, in accordance with contingency theory, was considered.We developed and tested a conceptual model of relationships among key variables related to the fuzzy front end, project execution, and project success. The structural equation model was tested with AMOS using information from 144 projects completed by German measurement and control technique firms.For the most part, the responses from these firms supported the hypothesized relationships and the frequently claimed importance of the fuzzy front end was confirmed. The results offer strong support for the importance of the early involvement of all departments in new product development to enhance communication and, ultimately, project success. This process can be advanced by initial planning prior to development.Furthermore, the firms’ responses highlighted the importance of reducing market and technical uncertainty during the fuzzy front end, as both were found to negatively influence communication and increase deviations during project execution. The technical uncertainty remaining at the start of a project had a direct, negative influence on project efficiency and the most far-reaching implications regarding the success or failure of the project.With regard to contingency theory, the results indicated that efforts spent on the reduction of uncertainty to improve project execution and success may be influenced by the degree of newness of new product concepts. The degree of newness was found to influence the reduction of technical uncertainty, deviations from specifications, and efficiency.     

国家科技重大专项知识产权育成机制研究

国家科技重大专项全创新链的知识产权育成是切实提高我国关键技术领域自主创新能力的核心问题。由于重大专项参与主体多且内外部要素的叠加作用呈非线性特征,导致知识产权的育成绩效较低。为此,文章首先基于协同论与系统论提出创新链下国家科技重大专项知识产权育成机制的概念模型,以知识产权育成过程中的关键要素识别为切入点,深入研究重大专项全创新链与知识产权育成阶段之间的耦合关系。其次,通过搜集国家相关政策,结合重大专项知识产权育成过程进行理论阐述,为构建模型与划分系统建立理论依据。再次,通过分析影响重大专项知识产权育成的内部因素和外部环境因素,提炼影响知识产权育成的关键要素。在提炼关键要素的基础之上,利用系统动力学建立起知识产权育成机制的因果回路图与流图,并将知识产权育成系统分为四个子系统：专利育成子系统、创新收益子系统、技术标准制定子系统和外界环境子系统,以此来解构重大专项知识产权育成机理。最后,针对重大专项知识产权育成问题,从加强政府管控、形成技术标准体系、推动成果产业化、营造良好市场环境、探索全过程管理五个方面提出建议。本研究对于设计重大专项知识产权育成的有效路径,实现政府精准施策,增加核心自主知...     

基于创新链的后发企业逆向创新实施路径

   逆向创新,为后发企业开展全球创新并开拓发达国家市场提供了新的战略思想。采用质化研究方法,对创新链理论和基于领先企业的逆向创新理论进行了理论思辨,厘清了后发企业逆向创新的构成要素,提出了后发企业逆向创新链概念,归纳了创新链类型及其对应的后发企业逆向创新实施路径。主要研究结论为：第一,后发企业逆向创新链的构成要素应包括创意获取、研发和市场进入次序,与西方领先企业相比,上述逆向创新三要素的具体内容与选择机制均存在明显区别;第二,基于创新要素组合,后发企业的逆向创新链可以划分为本土市场推动型、海外市场拉动型以及推拉复合型三种类型;第三,以逆向创新链类型为基础,可以归纳出六条后发企业逆向创新实施路径,企业可根据自身资源能力的匹配程度选择适当的实施路径。     

国外重大科技专项组织实施特点与启示

重大科技专项是一国科技发展的战略重点,是提升自主创新能力,建设创新型国家的关键。首先界定了重大科技专项的基本特征,从前期论证、组织设置、过程管理、知识产权、成果转化等方面分析了国外若干重大科技专项组织实施的主要特点,并在此基础上对我国重大科技专项组织实施的启示进行了探讨。     

供需对接视角下科技成果转化交易履约测度分析

基于科技成果转化调研数据,从供需对接视角出发,构建转化交易中影响供需双方履约意愿的指标体系;在此基础上,通过仿真数据模拟供需双方的履约意愿,得出最符合履约评级客观规律的供需双方权重比是0.3:0.7,且供需内部指标权重平均分布;最后,设计供需履约评级系统,以期为科技成果转化交易中供需双方的履约意愿提供事前预测,进而在后续谈判中针对性设置合同条款.     

以数字化动漫技术推广创新方法新模式与效果研究

我国创新方法推广工作取得阶段性成果,积累了一些重要经验。对于我国巨大的应用需求来说,创新方法传播速度仍较慢,效果仍应加强。以数字化动漫技术推广创新方法是我国创新方法推广的新探索。为全面、快速普及创新方法知识,本文研究了“数字化动漫技术+创新方法”的可行性,分析了创新方法动漫片的开发过程与应用前景。在山东省企业创新工程师培训班与高校教学实践中进行了效果评估分析。     

产学研技术转移“黑箱”解构及效率评价

产学研技术转移是一个复杂的系统,而关于产学研技术转移的研究往往视其为一个"黑箱",缺乏对系统内部运作机理的深入剖析。本文打开"黑箱"将产学研技术转移系统内部结构解析为技术创新和产业价值创造前后联结的两个阶段,并运用两阶段DEA方法对我国30个省区2010-2013年的产学研技术转移效率进行测算。测算结果表明我国产学研总体技术转移效率偏低,技术创新阶段是制约总体技术转移效率提升的瓶颈;各个省区技术转移优势环节不同,应该搭建全国统一的技术转移服务平台以充分发挥各省区自身优势弥补其薄弱环节。