大学体育课任务的探索

通过对大学体育课任务的分析,说明大学体育课任务的内涵有了发展和丰富,并提出了新时期大学体育课的任务。     

高校中高级知识分子体育健身研究

运用多种方法对河南省高校中高级知识分子的体育健身状况进行了研究,找出了影响河南省高校中高级知识分子体育健身的主要因素,并提出了相应的对策。高校领导应重视中高级知识分子体育健身;改善中高级知识分子的工作环境;加强体育健身的指导;建设专门的场地设施;努力开发高校体育健身资源,进行高校体育产业改革;提高经济收入、促进体育消费;定期进行身体素质和机能测试;改革高校体育教学等。     

Physical activity and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis

Cognitive impairment is prevalent, disabling, and poorly managed in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). This cross-sectional study examined the associations among physical activity, cognitive processing speed, and learning and memory in 33 persons with MS who underwent neuropsychological assessments and wore a physical activity monitor for 7 days. Cognitive impairment was greatest in cognitive processing speed. Physical activity was significantly correlated with cognitive processing speed (pr = .35), but not learning and memory (pr = .20), after controlling for sex, age, and education. Researchers should examine exercise training and physical activity effects on cognitive performance, particularly processing speed, in MS.     

Physical activity and depressive symptoms in American adolescents

This study employed ordinal logistic regression analyses to investigate the relationship between American adolescents' participation in physical activity and depressive symptomatology. Data were drawn from the second Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (CDS II), which was conducted over 2002-2003. Fewer than 60% of adolescents were found to accumulate 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) outside of school hours on week or weekend days. Accumulated duration of MVPA was not, however, significantly associated with severity of depressive symptoms for either gender. Males who were not involved in sporting clubs or lessons were more likely than males who were highly involved to experience greater severity of depressive symptoms (OR = 3.24, CI = 1.33, 7.87). Results highlight gender variability in the psychosocial correlates of sporting participation and prompt further investigation of the relevance of current physical activity guidelines for mental health in adolescence.     

新疆维吾尔族大学生体育锻炼特征及其影响因素的调查研究

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等科研方法,对维吾尔族大学生的体育锻炼特征及其影响因素进行了全面的描述和分析,希望借此找出适合维吾尔族大学生的体育教育方法,力求为新疆高校的体育教育改革和发展提供一些有益的参考.     

体育锻炼对改善学生不良心理的作用

不良心理的形成与学生的生长经历有着直接的关系。体育课通过体育基础理论的传授和有效的体育实践活动,能促进学生身心健康发展。     

Reliability of pedometer-determined free-living physical activity data in college women

This study examined stability and reliability of free-living physical activity assessed by pedometer in 69 young female college students (M age = 18.7 years, SD = 1.2, range: 18-25 years; body mass index = 23.2 kg/m2, SD = 0.6) for two complete weeks (Week 1 and Week 2) separated by 12 weeks. During Week 1, participants took an average of 8880 steps/day, SD = 3219, range: 1858-19480; during Week 2 9088 steps/day, SD = 3299, range 1736-16837; t (68) = -.568, p = .572. In both weeks, only Sunday differed significantly (repeated measures analysis of variance; Week 1: p < .0001; Week 2: p < .01) from all other days of the week. The computed intraclass correlation between weeks was moderate (.72). Group mean pedometer-determined physical activity was stable across 2 weeks separated by 12 weeks in this young, healthy sample of women. Individuals within these groups held their rank order to a moderate extent over time. These findings provide important evidence of the reliability of pedometer-determined physical activity data and are of practical importance to study design.     

Parental activity as a determinant of activity level and patterns of activity in obese children

The purposes of this study were to measure the level and pattern of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA = > 4.5 METs) and examine predictors of activity in obese children. Fifty-one 8-12-year-old children seeking obesity treatment wore accelerometers for 3 or 4 days. Children averaged 12.2 bouts of MVPA per day that lasted an average of 4.2 min, while parents engaged in 3.9 bouts of MVPA that lasted 4.2 min. Hierarchical regression models showed parent activity improved the prediction of obese children's activity levels and the number of bouts of MVPA but not the duration of MVPA. These results suggest that programs to increase physical activity in obese children should structure the activity in short bouts and attempt to increase parental physical activity.     

A comparison of attitudes and exercise habits of alumni from colleges with varying degrees of physical education activity programs.

A survey of alumni attitudes about their college physical education activity (PEA) program and current exercise habits was sent to a representative sample (N = 3169) of alumni who had graduated between 1970 and 1984 from four private colleges. The percent returned was 48, 31, 43, and 41 from Colleges A-D, respectively. Three of the four colleges had required PEA programs. College A had an eight-credit-hour requirement, College B required four credit-hours, College C required two credits, and College D did not have a PEA requirement. Results indicated a significant difference among the four colleges in the alumni's perceived value of their college PEA program in terms of its contribution to their knowledge about fitness, attitude towards fitness, and current exercise habits. Additionally, alumni differed in their perception of the health value of exercise and in their frequency of weekly exercise. When alumni exercise behaviors were quantified by aerobic points and classified according to type of activity, no statistically significant differences were found. The conclusion of the study was that the attitudes and exercise behaviors of alumni are related to the type of college PEA requirement; however, aerobic points earned are not affected. Students graduating from colleges with higher PEA requirements demonstrate more positive exercise attitudes and behaviors.     

从女大学生健身现状探讨普通高校女生体育教学改革趋势

采用问卷调查、文献资料、专家访谈等方法,对在校女大学生健身现状进行了调查研究,发现普通高校女大学生的健身意识模糊,存在着种种行为误区,自觉健身习惯基本没有形成.分析其存在的根本原因是:普通高校体育教学的教学思想、教学内容、教学组织形式等方面的弊端是制约女大学生健身意识和行为的主要因素,必须尽快进行改革,才能真正实现高校体育教学目标,提高女大学生素质.     

Physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and adiposity in children

With cardiovascular fitness (CVF) as the dependent variable, relationships with habitual level of physical activity, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were investigated in a sample of 93 high adiposity and 93 low adiposity children, ages 8 to 13. A physical activity score (PAS) was computed for each child from a 2-day observation period. A physical working capacity index from cycle ergometry (PWC170) was the measure of CVF. Low and high adiposity samples were classified by a median split (42.9 mm) on the sum of three skinfold measures (tricep, suprailiac, subscapula). For the high adiposity sample, PAS, age, BMI, and gender were significant and the overall model was significant (p less than .001), accounting for 38% of variance in PWC170. In the low adiposity sample, gender (p less than .04) was significantly related to CVF, but the overall model was not significant (p less than .35). PAS, thus, was a significant predictor of CVF among the high adiposity children, but not the low adiposity children. Mechanisms that may account for this difference include greater work for equal activity among the obese, a ceiling effect on CVF among the low adiposity children, or differences in hormonal or metabolic factors mediating the activity-CVF relationship.     

高职院校学生课内课外体育活动冷热现象调查研究

采用文献资料法、调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,通过对我省部分高职院校的体育课现状进行的调查结果显示:有93%的学生喜欢体育活动,但同时又有86%的学生不喜欢体育课.针对这些现象及形成根源作出了分析,并提出体育教学模式、内容、方法等改革基本思路,旨在为体育课堂教学的良性发展和提高教学质量及体育教学整体改革提供依据.     

我国普通高校大学生阳光体育的篮球网络约战系统的研究

对大学生阳光体育中的篮球活动现状进行观察和分析,提出篮球网络约战的促进方案,进而开发出实用的大学生篮球网络约战系统,并在深圳大学进行测试和分析,结果表明,本系统具有较强的实用性,建议在大学生阳光体育活动中推广使用。     

女大学生月经期参加体育教学课对生理及心理因素的影响

通过对女大学生在月经期参加体育教学课现状调查和身体综合反映情况分析,研究月经期女大学生进行体育锻炼对生理和心理因素的影响,探讨月经期内适宜的体育教学运动强度和运动量,为提高女大学生的体质和体育教学课的实效性提供有益的参考。     

Physical activity and academic achievement in children: A historical perspective

As the focus on academic achievement has increased, physical activity (PA) opportunities in schools have decreased in the United States. In an attempt to discover how the decline in PA may affect academic achievement, researchers have been studying the effects of PA on cognition and academic achievement in children for more than 50 years. This review takes a historical perspective on the science of PA and academic achievement prior to and during the past 5 years. A total of 125 published articles were included and reviewed. Fifty-three of these articles were published in the past 5 years. In recent years, the overall quality of the studies has increased, but the results continue to be inconsistent. Many use cross-sectional designs and the methods vary substantially. The majority of conclusions show a positive effect of PA on constructs related to academic achievement. Future studies should use strong study designs to examine the types and doses of PA needed to produce improvements in academic achievement.     

Physical activity and acculturation among adult Hispanics in the United States

Understanding the prevalence and demographic correlates of physical activity is important for public health and epidemiological research. This analysis examines the association between acculturation and physical activity in a large (approximately 5,000) sample of Hispanic adults from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Scores for eight questions concerning language use were summed to produce an acculturation index. Factor analysis indicated that these questions assessed a single underlying construct. Self-reported adherence to recommendations concerning leisure time physical activity increased from 22. 6% in the least acculturated tertile to 47% in the most acculturated tertile. In contrast, prevalence of walking or bicycling for errands decreased from 25.2 to 18.2%, and prevalence of standing or walking during most of the day decreased from 82.8 to 65.6% as acculturation increased. Thus, patterns of physical activity associated with leisure versus nonleisure time differed among Hispanics with varying acculturation levels. Alternatively, cultural factors may have differential effects on responses to questions concerning leisure and nonleisure time physical activity. In either case, assessing both types of activity is important for monitoring and understanding Hispanic health behaviors and interpreting epidemiological studies that involve physical activity in Hispanics.