明丽心与晦暗身:"山水田园"抒写的两种意义取向

山水田园诗是传统诗歌中的重要诗类,在各个学段、不同版本的语文教材中多有涉及.对语文教学而言,教好、教懂山水田园诗,不仅有着应试选拔的眼前之需,更有籍此涵养性情、养成人格的文化之用.诗中对于"山水田园"的细致描绘是山水田园诗于名于实得以存身的根基所在.山水之形、田园之境,承担着描摹独特自然景象、反映别样生活情境的现实效用,同时又承载着涵咏诗人复杂情绪、寄托作者内心情志的写作目的.山水田园诗是复杂的,其复杂在于"山水田园"技术呈现的种种可能,以及此中深隐着的意义取向之差异.只有明确"山水田园"呈现可能,理清其中的写作意义取向,具体山水田园诗作的理解才有可能,由此生发的文化浸润、人的养成等教育诉求才可能实现.     

中国传统美学在园林中的运用——以"水"为中介转化自然之灵动的神韵

园林不仅仅是一处休憩的地方,还是一种文化的载体和中国传统美学的实践存在.而在我国的园林艺术中"山水"始终是园林造型的最重要表现形式,其中"水体"更是园林的灵魂所在,是我国"道法自然"的核心.通过"水"在中国传统美学中的地位和在园林中的运用,综合地论述了"水"如何使园林展现出自然的灵动之美,以及中国园林和园林中"水"的文化内涵.     

论王维诗的特点及其形成原因

王维有着"诗佛"之称而突出于盛唐.他有一颗追求进取的心,这在其边塞诗中表现突出.他笃信禅宗,能融铸文艺、宗教于一体,开盛唐山水田园诗之捷径.其山水田园诗,在诗语之运用方面,能极画、声、光、态,表现出诗中有画之能事;其禅味诗,脱俗且爱自然,与自然合一,因而与其山水田园诗有着较多的融通之处.     

浅谈陶渊明诗歌中的山水情怀

陶渊明的诗歌质而自然,充满着一种山水情怀,这与他"爱丘山"的本性相契合,与他渴望回归自然、亲近自然的襟怀和意趣相统一。他作诗喜用山水意象,例如山和泽,他常以清新之景、清新之物写清新之境,抒发其对山水的依恋和渴望与山水相融的情怀。同时,他的个性兼具厚重卓拔和圆融通脱的特点,故能恰到好处地把主观情感融入到客观物镜之中,达到无我之境,并向世人传达一种"仁者乐山,智者乐水"的思想。山水情结、山水意象、山水性情一体浑融,体现了陶渊明诗歌中深藏的山水情怀。     

中国山水画的精神解析

自然山水作为中国山水画创作的永恒主题,有中国古代文化的基因之缘。自然山水在中国人的心中具有寓意的象征,山水代表着宇宙自然。中国山水画的美学精神是人与自然的和谐同一,中国人移情于山水来传达内心的深情,是灌注了主观性情的人化自然,是自然与人的生命精神的融合。     

论艺术自然与山水自然和谐关系的当代价值

传统山水画艺术是中国艺术精神的重要载体之一,其自然观充分体现了艺术自然与山水自然的和谐妙契的关系,反映出传统山水画家肉体与精神上的"天人合一"的审美追求,并为人类的生存与发展提供了一定的启示意义.随着时代的发展与科技的进步,人类得到发展的同时却破坏了自身的栖息之所,也破坏了传统山水画所折射出的艺术自然与山水自然的和谐关系.     

中国传统山水美学中的"宇宙情怀"

古代中国人从不把人和自然分离开来或相互对立,而是把人看作是宇宙自然的一部分,追求天人合一的理想境界,在审美领域我们将之称为"宇宙情怀".这种"宇宙情怀"在传统山水美学中得到了最好的体现,也正是我国传统山水美学的最终指向.     

道家思想对中国山水画的影响

道家中老子、庄子都是最崇尚自然山川,老庄之道就是从一切自然具体物质中抽象出来的自然规律和自然法则,其思想体现为:"无为、处下、不争、柔弱、清虚、任自然"等.其目的于效法自然规律来治国、保身、养身及文学艺术创作.老庄认为道来自自然,而山水正是大自然的精华,山水和老庄的玄理在人们的主观意识是相通的,而山水画中的形象是表达玄理的最合适的媒介,山水画的作用是为了"澄怀观道".调动山水画这种形式,去体现和学习老庄之道.     

城市环境建设中的文化理念

随着城市化进程的加快,新城建设中的"文化贫乏症"也日益凸显.进行城市文化建设需挖掘本土"文化之根",塑造城市灵魂,依托地理环境开发山水文化,建立城市文化保护机制等.     

文人梦与山水情——论我国现代城市园林的审美意蕴

我国现代城市园林审美意蕴既托生于自然母体山水的生命之韵,依寓于中国古典园林的意境之美,又植根于后现代星座化梦想的复杂语境。使人们体味到与自然山水对话,与历史文化对接,与自我存在感应的快适,达致美感性生存之境。     

School disciplines,social representations,and the construction of the didactics of history,geography, and civics

The author presents a concept of the didactics of history, geography, and civics that seeks to link, through a single dynamic, the civic, political, and social goals of school knowledge with everyday classroom practice and pupils' learning. Two concepts occupy the heart of this construction: those of school disciplines and social representations. The concept of school disciplines addresses the fact that school knowledge is a creation of the school, designed to enable it to achieve the social goals it is assigned. A school discipline is thus a particular combination of goals, content (in the form of shared knowledge), methods, and practices. The concept of social representations is a tool serving to analyze knowledge as theories of the natural and social world, its production, and its reception by the different actors involved.     

Kierkegaard,musical performance,and the relation and differentiation of the sexes

This paper is a critical evaluation of what is believed by the author to be Kierkegaard's subjective, ambivalent, and arbitrary stereotyping of women. In particular, the paper examines the Kierkegaardian notion of equality, essential feminine characteristics, and finitude. The result is an attempt to apply Kierkegaard's ideas to those issues pertaining to inequality in musical performance; as well, a plea is made for the demystification of the notion of woman as whore or Madonna.     

Cowan,Whiteness, Resistance to Brown,and the Persistence of the Past

In this paper, I examine the use of litigation as a strategic tool of resistance for thwarting school desegregation. Utilizing Cowan v. Bolivar County Board of Education as a case study, I argue that, despite losing the constitutional right to racially segregate public schools according to an explicit white supremacist doctrine, whites in Bolivar County, Mississippi, were successful in stemming the impending tide of social change associated with school desegregation through litigation. Litigious resistance not only provided southern whites with a racially moderate epistemology for undermining school desegregation regionally, but their legal challenges to school desegregation also laid the groundwork for non-southern white animus toward all federal education policies that promoted racial inclusion.     

Plato, Dewey, and the Problem of the Teacher's Authority

ABSTRACT An examination of contemporary publications in the philosophy of education reveals that the authority of the teacher is being eroded. As teachers derive their authority from the democratic state and its compulsory education laws, the undermining of their authority indicates the undermining of the authority of the democratic state and its laws. A comparison between Plato and Dewey from this point of view reveals that this state of affairs is the upshot of the collision between the principle of authority and the principle of liberty, and that this collision constitutes the basic problem of democracy as well as of education for democracy. The challenge to contemporary education is consequently that of exploring ways leading to the rehabilitation of the authority of the teacher.     

Femininity,science, and the denigration of the girly girl

Hyper-femininity and the construction of the ‘girly girl’ label have been documented widely, but there has been less attention to their content (or any distinctions between these constructs). Indeed, it can be argued that the content of femininity remains a controversial and somewhat under-researched topic in feminist scholarship. This is also the case in relation to science, which has been widely characterised as a masculine terrain, but there has been less attention to why femininity is excluded from/by science. This article attempts to unpick some of these issues, with a particular focus on the construct of the ‘girly girl’, in relation to access to science. Drawing on qualitative data from the Economic and Social Research Council-funded ASPIRES 2 project, we analyse the discourses used by young people and parents in discussion of ‘girly girls’ and physics. We show the misogynist and excluding discourses projected onto the ‘girly girl’, and indeed that are used to interpolate femininity more broadly. We found that in discussions of science and (hyper-)femininity, even potentially positive feminine attributes were denigrated. Hyper-femininity was produced as ‘more than lack’: vacuous, but also a risible presence. In reflecting on our findings we consider whether femininity may be more derided in some discursive contexts (e.g. science discourse) than others, and whether femininity can or should be conceived as more than lack.     

Community Colleges,the Media,and the Rhetoric of Inevitability

Community college practitioners frequently bemoan negative or stereotypical representations of community college students and community college life in general in the popular media. Saturday Night Live skits and satirical news reports in The Onion enjoy poking fun at community colleges, while mainstream news outlets often fail to challenge stereotypes of community colleges as lacking academic rigor. Those frustrated by these portrayals should know that the press overwhelmingly lauded 2 year colleges during the early decades of the “junior college” movement. Such reporting celebrated the new institutions' missions, and praised their speedy growth as components of public education. In fact, the press often implied that these new campuses reflected an inevitable step in the evolution of American higher education. This paper analyzes media reports about public 2 year colleges (at the time called junior colleges) published during the 1920s and 1930s. The term junior college is used in this historical review since the term was common during the era in question.     

主位理论、主位推进模式与翻译

借助功能语言学主位和主位推进模式有关理论来分析语篇的衔接、信息分布、连贯、语篇发展以及译者如何利用这些分析结果充分解读翻译源文,在以语篇为翻译单位时,采取何种相应的翻译对策,生成在功能和效果上与之相当的目的语语篇。     

Social and ethical dimension of the natural sciences, complex problems of the age, interdisciplinarity, and the contribution of education

In view of the complex problems of this age, the question of the socio-ethical dimension of science acquires particular importance. We approach this matter from a philosophical and sociological standpoint, looking at such focal concerns as the motivation, purposes and methods of scientific activity, the ambivalence of scientific research and the concomitant risks, and the conflict between research freedom and external socio-political intervention. We then point out the impediments to the effectiveness of cross-disciplinary or broader meetings for addressing these complex problems and managing the associated risks, given the difficulty in communication between experts in different fields and non-experts, difficulties that education is challenged to help resolve. We find that the social necessity of informed decision-making on the basis of cross-disciplinary collaboration is reflected in the newer curricula, such as that of Greece, in aims like the acquisition of cross-subject knowledge and skills, and the ability to make decisions on controversial issues involving value conflicts. The interest and the reflections of the science education community in these matters increase its—traditionally limited—contribution to the theoretical debate on education and, by extension, the value of science education in the education system.     

魏晋南北朝隋唐时期民族史观的演变

魏晋南北朝隋唐时期是中国历史上民族史观发生突出变化的历史阶段。这种变化从它的历史形式来说,体现在民族观与民族政策等方面;从史学形式来说,则在史家的主体认识、史书的编撰思想中得到了更为具体、深入的体现;在民族理论问题上,正反两方面的理论总结,成为历史形式与史学形式相结合的产物,并勾勒出这一时期民族史观演进的大致轨迹。