新课程观下大学生心理健康教育课程体系的构建

综合活动的课程性质、层级性的多元化的课程目标、层次性生活化的课程内容、活动性体验性的课程教学方法和发展性多样化的课程评价体系是新课程观下大学生心理健康教育课程体系构建的主要内容。     

Digital Feast and Physical Famine: The Altered Ecosystem of Anatomy Education due to the Covid-19 Pandemic

This article explores the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic on the evolution of both physical and digital cadavers within the unique ecosystem of the anatomy laboratory. A physical cadaver is a traditional and established learning tool in anatomy education, whereas a digital cadaver is a relatively recent phenomenon. The Covid-19 pandemic presented a major disturbance and disruption to all levels and types of education, including anatomy education. This article constructs a conceptual metaphor between a typical anatomy laboratory and an ecosystem, and considers the affordances, constraints, and changing roles of physical and digital cadavers within anatomy education through an ecological lens. Adaptation of physical and digital cadavers during the disturbance is analyzed, and the resiliency of digital cadaver technology is recognized. The evolving role of the digital cadaver is considered in terms of increasing accessibility and inclusivity within the anatomy laboratory ecosystem of the future.     

Narrated Dissection Videos and Peer-Mentoring to Enhance Anatomy Performance of Underrepresented Minority Students in Physical Therapy Education

Three-dimensional virtual technology (3DVT) educational tools and peer-tutoring have proven to be effective teaching strategies in improving student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) compare the anatomy academic performance between underrepresented minority (URM) and non-minority (non-URM) students, (2) compare the voluntary use of 3DVT dissection videos and peer-mentoring between these two cohorts, and (3) estimate the association between the use of these teaching strategies on anatomy examinations and course grades at a school of physical therapy. Three-dimensional virtual technology narrated dissection videos and peer-mentoring were made available to all students. Time accessing the video and attending peer-mentoring sessions was measured throughout the course for all students. Three practical and four written examinations and the final course grade were calculated. Numerous one-way ANOVAs were used to compare examination/course grades between student cohorts (URM and non-URM) and usage of the two educational strategies (3DVT and peer-mentoring). Multiple linear regressions were performed with teaching strategies as predictors and grades as outcomes. Underrepresented minority students demonstrated significantly lower practical examination scores (P = 0.04), lower final course grades (P = 0.01), and a greater use of mentorship hours (P = 0.001) compared to non-URM. The regression models with both predictors (3DVT and peer-mentoring) combined demonstrated the greatest association with grades for both URM and non-URM. For both groups of students, the association between predictors and practical examination scores, although fair, was not statistically significant. Peer-mentoring seems to be the most effective teaching strategy in helping URM students succeed in anatomy.     

Anatomy education in occupational therapy curricula: Perspectives of practitioners in the United States

The study of human anatomy is an integral component in the education of future occupational therapists, yet there is a paucity of research that explores the anatomy needs of students and new practitioners. As a follow up from a pilot study that surveyed a small cohort of practicing therapists, this article aimed to determine occupational therapy (OT) practitioners' views on anatomy course structure and content deemed important to include in OT curricula, entry level practitioners' anatomy knowledge, and application of anatomy in current practice. A Likert scale and free text questionnaire was distributed to practicing occupational therapists across the United States. Fifty‐four percent of the participants in this cohort favored a standalone course, as compared to 94% in the pilot study group. Anatomy course content areas were comparable across groups. Systems identified as essential to cover in an OT anatomy course included skeletal, muscular, and nervous. Regions included the upper limb, thorax/trunk, head and neck, and lower limb. Seventy percent of participants in both groups felt that entry‐level practitioners had adequate anatomy knowledge; 30% did not. Practice areas requiring anatomy knowledge included assessment of joint movement, muscle strength, pain, and functional mobility. Qualitative analysis of free text response data revealed the importance of anatomy knowledge in OT assessment and intervention strategies, determining the impact of injury or disease on occupational performance, client safety, and communication with other health care professionals and families. Anat Sci Educ 11: 243–253. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

The Initial Impact of the Anatomical Society Gross Anatomy Core Syllabus for Medicine in the United Kingdom: Student and Teacher Perspectives

“What do students studying medicine need to know” is an important question for curriculum planners, anatomy educators and students. The Core Regional Anatomy Syllabus (CRAS), published by the Anatomical Society in 2016, contains 156 learning outcomes (LOs) and has informed “what needs to be known.” This project explored how CRAS had impacted undergraduate anatomy and anatomists in the United Kingdom. A cross-sectional study was designed in two phases. Phase 1, involved a survey of students in clinical years (N = 164). Phase 2 included a survey of anatomist’s views (n = 50) and focus groups of anatomy educators (N = 16). The students’ perspective showed that specific regions of CRAS are deemed less relevant. These were also the body areas where students perceived their anatomical knowledge to be more deficient. Only 46% (n = 75) of students estimated that they knew over 50% (n = 78) of the LOs. Phase two revealed that all anatomists were aware of the syllabus and 48% (n = 24) had checked the CRAS against their own institutional LOs. Anatomists had shared CRAS with colleagues 64% (n = 32) and students at 34% (n = 17), respectively. Forty-six percent (n = 23) of anatomists reported having changed their teaching in some way because of CRAS. The focus groups generated four key themes: “support for CRAS,” “standardization and validation,” “professional identity,” and “limitations and leverage.” Overall CRAS has been well received and is establishing itself within the anatomical community as the new standard for anatomy teaching for medical students.     

Survey of Gross Anatomy Education in China: The Past and the Present

Medical education in mainland China has undergone massive expansion and reforms in the past decades. A nation-wide survey of the five-year clinical medicine programs aimed to examine the course hours, pedagogies, learning resources and teaching staff of anatomy both at present and over the past three decades (1990–1999, 2000–2009, and 2010–2018). The directors or senior teachers from 90 out of the 130 five-year clinical medicine programs were invited to fill out a factual questionnaire by email. Ultimately, sixty-five completed questionnaires were received from 65 different schools. It was found that the total number of gross anatomy course hours has decreased by 11% in the past 30 years and that systematic and regional anatomy have been increasingly taught separately among the surveyed medical schools. Problem-based learning has been adopted in thirty-five (54%) of the surveyed schools, and team-based learning is used in ten (15%) of the surveyed schools. The surveyed schools reported receiving more donated cadavers in recent years, with the average number increasing from 20.67 ± 20.29 in 2000–2009 to 36.10 ± 47.26 in 2010–2018. However, this has not resulted in a decrease in the number of students who needed to share one cadaver (11.85 ± 5.03 in 1990–1999 to 14.22 ± 5.0 in 2010–2018). A decreasing trend regarding the teacher-student ratio (1:25.5 in 2000–2009 to 1:33.2 in 2010–2018) was also reported. The survey demonstrated the historical changes in gross anatomy education in China over the past thirty years.     

关于构建普通高校体育课程目标体系的思考

文章从体育教育改革基本理念出发，分析了普通高校体育课程目标的构建方式，提出体育课程目标体系的新构想。     

我国特殊教育体育师资队伍培养体制与模式的研究

我国特殊教育事业蓬勃发展,2001年国家“将残疾儿童少年义务教育作为特殊教育事业发展的重点”,目前有大量的残疾儿童接受九年义务教育,但特殊教育体育师资出现短缺现状。借鉴国外发达国家培养特殊体育师资的经验,提出符合我国基本国情的特殊体育师资培养体制与模式,旨在尽快为我国特殊教育事业培养高素质、复合型的体育师资队伍。     

能力培养中的文化缺失:医学教育中文化的运用与误用

文化能力培养对改善卫生保健质量、消除种族不平等的重要性已渐为人们所重视.本文作者讨论了文化与健康及卫生保健的相关性,尤其是其不调和性,审视了文化的概念,尤其关注在文化能力培养中文化的运用与误用,并分析了相关论点对卫生专业教育的影响意义.     

论专业课的自然地理课程体系改革与创新教育

分析高师地理专业自然地理学课程设置中存在的主要问题,指出改革的主要方向为调整课程体系、加强实践环节和充分利用现代化教学手段;并提出自然地理学创新教育的途径。     

Anatomical sciences: A foundation for a solid learning experience in dental technology and dental prosthetics

Basic science courses are extremely important as a foundation for scaffolding knowledge and then applying it in future courses, clinical situations as well as in a professional career. Anatomical sciences, which include tooth morphology, oral histology, oral embryology, and head and neck anatomy form a core part of the preclinical courses in dental technology programs. In this article, the importance and relevance of anatomical sciences to dental personnel with no direct contact with patients (dental technicians) and limited discipline related contact with patients (dental prosthetists) is highlighted. Some light is shed on the role of anatomical sciences in the pedagogical framework and its significance in the educational process and interprofessional learning of dental technicians and prosthetists using oral biology as an example in the dental curriculum. To conclude, anatomical sciences allow dental technicians and prosthetists to a gain a better insight of how tissues function, leading to a better understanding of diagnosis, comprehensive treatment planning and referrals if needed. Patient communication and satisfaction also increases as a result of this deep understanding of oral tissues. Anatomical sciences bridge the gap between basic science, preclinical, and clinical courses, which leads to a holistic approach in patient management. Finally, treatment outcomes are positively affected due to the appreciation of the macro and micro structure of oral tissues. Anat Sci Educ 10: 395–404. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

论新旧评价系统对体育教学的影响

体育教学评价的最终目的是更好地培养学生体育能力,培养学生对体育的兴趣、爱好,养成体育锻炼的习惯,同时使老师能够更好的进行教学,使学生在体育与健康课程的教与学过程中不断进步和发展。在对比旧的评价体系的同时,探讨体育与健康课程教学评价体系对体育教学以及学生参与体育活动积极性的影响。     

Exploring Achievement Emotions in Physical Education: The Potential for the Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions

ABSTRACT

Emotions experienced in educational settings link to students’ motivation, engagement, learning, and achievement. Despite meaningful interconnections between emotions, motivation, and desired outcomes, a dearth of research on student emotions in physical education (PE) currently exists. The Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions (CVTAE) highlights the importance of emotions within students’ achievement motivation and provides a comprehensive framework for investigating their antecedents and outcomes. The purpose of this investigation was to explore CVTAE as a potential framework to understand students’ achievement emotions in PE. We focus on emotional antecedents associated with the PE learning context and the role of emotions in facilitating desired PE outcomes.     

论新旧评价系统对体育教学的影响

体育教学评价的最终目的是更好地培养学生体育能力,培养学生对体育的兴趣、爱好,养成体育锻炼的习惯,同时使老师能够更好的进行教学,使学生在体育与健康课程的教与学过程中不断进步和发展.在对比旧的评价体系的同时,探讨体育与健康课程教学评价体系对体育教学以及学生参与体育活动积极性的影响.     

Revisit,Reform, and Redesign: A Novel Dissection Approach for Demonstrating Anatomy of the Orbit for Continuing Professional Development Education

Advanced postgraduate medical education for health-care professionals is constantly evolving. Understanding facial anatomy and especially its vascular system is crucial when performing soft tissue filler injections to avoid adverse events including tissue loss or irreversible blindness. Standard anatomical resources often fall short of elucidating clinically relevant concepts in more highly specialized areas of interest. A novel dissection approach for demonstrating the anatomy of the lateral orbit was presented at scientific meetings to participants from dermatology, plastic surgery, and general practice. Results from the post-course online survey (n = 52) were analyzed. The results of the survey reveal a high educational impact and a high clinical relevance of the novel dissection approach. In addition, the majority of respondents (97.7%; n = 51) felt that the exposed anatomical structure of the orbit and face improved their ability to safely perform cosmetic procedures on the face. More experienced respondents who had previously attended at least five cadaveric dissections were more likely to strongly agree that reviewing anatomy through this novel dissection approach increased their confidence in avoiding periorbital vascular danger zones. As minimally invasive outpatient procedures continue to evolve, practicing physicians and mid-level providers often face the challenge of having to reconcile preexisting anatomical knowledge with new clinical practice. Skills required to navigate high impact anatomy include visualization of structures that form the navigational landscape and avoidance of key danger zones. The novel dissection approach to the lateral orbit reflects the increasing focus on revisiting, reforming, and redesigning anatomy for continuing professional development activities.     

全程化人体解剖及生理学实验课程考核体系的构建与实践

美国教育学家布鲁姆认为,教学评价可分为诊断性评价、形成性评价和总结性评价。实验教学是一种过程教学,实验考核也应高度重视过程考核,因其过程往往比结果显得更重要。借助于计算机自主开发了实验预习与理论试题库检测系统,构建成全程化的人体解剖及生理学实验课程考核体系:实验预习(10%)、课堂表现(20%)、实验报告(20%)、实验设计(20%)、实验理论(10%)和操作考试(20%)。坚持平时与期末评价、教师与小组评价、笔试与口试相结合的三大原则,以此来实现评价过程的全程化、评价主体的多元化和评价方式的多样化。     

关于构建普通高校体育课程目标体系的思考

课程目标是学生学习活动的预期结果，体育课程目标是各个时期教育思想，价值观念和对体育功能认识的反映，本文从现代体育改革的基本理念出发结合高校体育课程中存在的问题提出了构建普通高校体育目标体系的初步构想。     

论高校体育继续教育教学质量构建机制与保障体系

高校体育继续教育的根本任务是培养具有创新精神和实践能力的高级体育专门人才,而人才的培养又主要通过体育教学活动来实现。体育教学工作是高校体育继续教育的中心工作,体育教学质量的高低决定着体育人才培养质量的高低,关系着高校体育继续教育的生存与发展,质量是高校体育继续教育的生命线,提高高校体育教学质量不仅是普通高等教育也是高校体育继续教育永恒的主题。为此,高校体育继续教育必须建立起一个科学、规范、可操作、行之有效的体育教学质量保障系统,以保证和不断提高体育教学质量。     

基于系统论构建中医药院校心理健康教育体系

借用系统论的观点将中医药院校的心理健康教育看成一个整体系统,整体系统的顺利运行需要理念系统、目标系统、方向系统、内部组织系统、输入系统以及输出系统这六大子系统形成合力。即首先构建一个以真、善、美为理念的心理健康教育蓝图。为实现这一蓝图,制定追寻身心和谐统一的目标与方向。在理念引导和目标指导下,通过组织领导机制、制度管理机制、过程管理机制和评估考核机制等内部机制的协调对心理健康教育的开展进行监管。最后利用一系列丰富多彩的独具特色的活动使整个校园充满真、善、美的生命之美。