Assessment In Practice: An inspiration from apprenticeship

The paper investigates the relationship between assessment and learning through an empirical study of apprenticeship training. The paper suggests that well‐established modes of learning, which facilitate meaningful assessment in apprenticeship training, present an “antidote” to a traditional emphasis on assessment as selection and control. In contrast to rejection of apprenticeship modes of assessment as being inappropriate and obsolete at the present time, the paper suggests that the concept of apprenticeship assessment can be seen as a highly attractive and effective alternative to current assessment practices in both schools and workplaces. Taking a situated and relational perspective on knowledge and learning, we argue that assessment practices should focus on contextually‐anchored reviews of the core competencies of the person. This contextual assessment contrasts with an emphasis on assessment as essentially controlling and selecting students for further education and, on the other hand, with assessment as a process of self‐monitoring and self‐reflection.     

学习的社会建构

本文主要讨论四种学习理论,即功能主义、行为主义、认知主义和情境学习。作者回顾了这四种学习理论的演变和发展,从功能主义心理学的相互影响论,发展到行为主义的以环境为中心,和认知主义的以生物体为中心,再回到情境学习的相互影响论。本文考察了不同学习概念的社会建构特点,认为不同的学习概念有不同的社会效果和不同的社会来源,学习概念既是被社会建构的,也在社会中具有建设性。     

混合学习环境下英语学习策略使用的性别差异研究

本文以Oxford的语言学习策略量表为基础,采用问卷和访谈的形式调查了某地方高校200名非英语专业学生在混合学习环境--传统课堂教学和网络教学相结合的学习环境下,语言学习策略使用的性别差异情况。研究结果表明,男生和女生各自的总体策略使用频率仅为"有时使用",女生的使用频率略高于男生;在单项策略中,男、女生更频繁的使用补偿策略,很少使用社会策略;比之传统课堂环境,男、女生在网络环境下更频繁地使用情感策略。     

英语学习自我调整策略

该文用定量研究的方法，调查了212名非英语专业学生英语学习过程中性别与自我调整策略间的关系。发现在不同情境学习中，女性学习者在自我调整策略使用上明显多于男性学习者。结果能间接解释为何女性在语言学习上较男性学习者更成功。     

英国职业教育中的"业本学习"初探

随着经济全球化的发展，国际竞争日益激烈，终身教育与终身学习理念深入人心。在英国，职业技术教育倍受政府关注。本文主要介绍英国近年来推出的一项政府支持的培训项目--业本学习计划，这是在终身教育与终身学习理念指引之下英国职业教育改革中出现的又一新的举措。本文对业本学习实施情况进行了介绍和分析，并对我国目前的职业教育改革提出几点建议。     

Bridging Education and Practice With a Competency-Based Learning Contract

ABSTRACT

Field work programs have a substantial responsibility for providing support and gatekeeping functions while ensuring an educational experience that allows students to master the nine holistic, multidimensional social work accreditation competencies. With additional emphasis on field as a “signature pedagogy,” field directors are tasked with finding placements that can support these explicit competencies. Through the utilization of a learning contract that combines the Council on Social Work Education Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards competencies (including component behaviors) students and supervisors can begin to discuss their joint progress on meeting each of these prior to the final evaluation. This process will ensure that students have demonstrated the necessary outcomes to become a generalist social work practitioner.     

英语学习中的性别差异及其对策探析

本文就男女生在英语学习中所呈现出来的差异从社会性别理论视角进行了分析,并结合教育学理论提出了教育管理对策。     

Mapping the Field of VET Partnerships

This paper looks critically at partnerships in education and training by presenting a case study of a community-level partnership aimed at promoting high school apprenticeships in Ontario Canada. The analysis maps the field of social relations within this partnership in order to reveal institutionally-based struggles and their implications for youth training and employment. The assumptions within policy that employers are actively engaged as partners and that they and other stakeholders share a unitary vision for education and training are challenged. Rather, partnerships reflect tensions among partners that must be addressed in order to improve the learning affordances for youth.

“学习自传”教学法的理论及应用

成人教学方法应符合成人学习特性,具有成人教育特色。美国南缅因大学成人教育学硕士专业的"学习自传"教学法在这方面做了有益的尝试。本文从理论基础、教学策略和教学案例三个方面,介绍"学习自传"教学法,以期为我国的成人教学理论研究和实践探索提供借鉴和启迪。     

高职学生自主学习能力培养探讨

本文通过对高职教育与普通教育的培养目标分析,从个体终身发展需要和为了提高高职学生综合素质的基础上,阐述了高职院校在培养学生自主学习能力中学校、教师、学生三者在网络环境下新的角色定位,结合我校实际提出了学校与教师角色的新转变,希望能为后续的相关课程设置,自主学习能力培养提供一定的思考与借鉴。     

Causes of Gender Differences in Foreign Language Learning

This essay,in light of recent studies in foreign language teaching and learning by gender,try to explore the causes why boys are underachieved in language learning from a world-wide perspective and accordingly identify what clues for good practice already exist and to offer some tentative suggestions to help thefailing boys.     

Gender Difference,Misconceptions and Instruction in Science

The study examined into the relationship between gender and students' misconceptions in science. Two different groups were treated with two different teaching strategies, namely, teaching strategy 1, which is basically didactic in nature, and teaching strategy 11, which incorporates students' misconceptions and applies the Generative Learning Model. Two groups of secondary three students (N=26,27; randomly sampled), underwent 6 weeks of instruction, with the respective strategies mentioned above. Each group consisted of male and female students, the numbers of which resulted from the grouping based on their academic achievements. A constructed and validated diagnostic instrument was used as a means to measure the effectiveness of these two teaching strategies. The findings showed that gender differences did not relate well to students' misconceptions in science. The implications of this finding are discussed.     

决策树技术在移动学习性别差异研究中的应用

基于对近千名高等教育移动学习者进行大规模调查所收集到的数据,研究者使用C5.0算法分别生成男女生群体关于课件使用满意度的决策树,然后比较从中提取的不满意规则进行性别差异研究。实验结果表明:在移动学习中,女生对学习资料有更高的要求,女生对学习资料要求的个体差异高于男生,女生使用课件时更容易受外界因素干扰。     

基于微型移动终端的非正式学习研究

非正式学习是学习研究中的热点之一,实践证明利用微型移动终端进行非正式学习是非常有效的。文章阐述了非正式学习的基本内涵,论述了微型移动终端是如何支持非正式学习的,从学习理论基础和学习情境创设两方面对基于微型移动终端的非正式学习构架进行了分析。     

移动学习应用模式研究综述

移动学习已成为教育技术领域研究的热点之一,其应用模式具有多样性,采取合适的应用模式对移动学习项目的开展非常重要。文章在广泛调研国内外已有移动学习项目和案例的基础上,结合移动学习的特点,从知识传递-情境认知、个人学习-协作学习、正式学习-非正式学习三个不同的维度对移动学习应用模式进行了分类,并通过对已有模式的分析对移动学习应用发展趋势进行了展望。     

Situated Learning: Conceptualization and Measurement

A focus on the interaction between cognitive schemas and context in situ has been suggested as fundamental in organizational decision making and information interpretation. Past research suggests that the situation and the social interaction that occur during learning at the cognitive level consist of factors that affect the process, but the research lacks a coherent explanation for how those factors affect it. We propose a conceptualization of learning, termed situated learning, which accounts for these factors. By drawing on situated cognition theory, social learning theory, and the theory of mental models, we identify and measure four components of situated learning, that is, thematic focus, cognitive absorption, social structure, and participation. Among the most important lessons for researchers and practitioners is the need to consider learning as a constellation of the four components instead of an indivisible phenomenon. This perspective can enhance our understanding of cognitive processes, such as information interpretation and decision making.     

个体学习、组织学习与学习型组织之辨析

本文从行政组织理论和学理比较角度,对学习型组织的核心概念:个体学习、组织学习和学习型组织三者之间的区别和联系以及个体学习和组织学习的转化机制、知识传递机制进行了研究和辨析,结果显示:个体学习是构建学习型组织的基础,组织学习是个体学习的系统性整合,学习型组织是组织学习的学习指导理念与奋斗目标.     

话语风格上的性别差异研究

在具体的言语交际中,要针对具体的交际对象来调整话语.性别作为交际对象的客观存在,是语境中不可忽视的一个因素.从语言实际来看,在男女两性的言语交际中,由于性别的不同,形成两性话语风格的差异.语言学家们对社会交往中话语状况的考察表明,在话题的选择、话题量的大小、话语方式与言语策略等方面,男女之间都存在着不同程度的差异.两性在话语风格上的差异,是有其社会文化方面的根源的.     

工学结合模式下的职业英语（EOP）情境学习策略探讨

本文分析和论证了将情境学习理论导入职业英语课程体系的必要性及可行性,探索了相关的策略、方法,指出了情境学习对于开展职业英语教学和塑造学生职业能力的重要意义。