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This report presents some initiatives taken at the Universite Catholique de Louvain (Belgium) to improve the standard of engineering education. Some particular efforts are described: the entrance examination and the related problems, the definition of the curricula, the collaboration between teachers teams, integrated collective projects, ‘;Study years’ Committees, teachers evaluation, tutor-students, international exchanges, industrial contacts, thesis projects, continuing education.

RÉSUMÉ Cet exposé presente succinctement quelques initiatives prises à l'Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) dans le but d'améliorer la formation de ses ingénieurs. Parmi celles-ci on détaille quelque peu: l'examen d'admission et sa problématique, le dosage des programmes de cours, les cotitulatures entre professeurs de sciences et professeurs ingénieurs, les exercices intégrés (projets entrepris par les étudiants dès le début des Etudes), les comités d'années et leur rôle, 1'évaluation des enseignements, les étudiants-moniteurs, les stages, les échanges internationaux, les Journées de l'lndustrie, les travaux de fin d'études. On mentionne aussi les initiatives en matiere de formation continue.  相似文献   


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Sans résuméConférence tenue au Congrès sur l'Intégration des enseignements scientifiques, à Varna, 11–19 septembre 1968.  相似文献   

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In this article, we characterized the forms of reasoning of French high school students (from Terminal Scientifique) in the course of an exchange of messages around the solution of a mathematical problem. Our goal was to determine whether or not the students make use of creative and investigative forms of reasoning. The results show that in the experimental conditions of the ‘mathematical correspondence,’ the students displayed an unusual mathematical problem-solving activity, one that is indeed more creative and investigative than those typically found in a classroom activity. The results are accompanied by an effort to explain the conditions that allowed for this unusual activity to develop and to suggest some paths to use this setting in the classroom, so as to facilitate better learning in problem-solving contexts and the transition from high school to university.  相似文献   

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Conclusion Bien qu'un énorme travail ait été fait depuis plusieurs années pour remodeler l'enseignement mathématique et pour y approprier les méthodes didactiques, il subsiste des divergences importantes parmi les intéressés. Ces divergences ont un retentissement fâcheux sur la pratique de l'enseignement. Nous avons vu que, pour en trouver la source, il faut sortir des questions purement techniques et sonder les profondeurs de l'enseignement mathématique. Des notions apparemment aussi naturelles que l'application des mathématiques se révèlent l'origine de graves malentendus. Il ne faut pas craindre de les dénoncer, même si cela doit conduire à des découvertes paradoxales. Ainsi nous avons vu en passant que les mathématiques sont souvent d'autant moins utilisables qu'elles sont moins abstraites. Il convient de remercier M. le Professeur Freudenthal d'avoir choisi pour ce colloque un thème qui relève si manifestement de la psychanalyse de l'enseignement mathématique!Mais je voudrais terminer par un souhait. Comme on l'a dit plus haut, des recherches considérables ont été menées depuis une vingtaine d'années. Pour celui qui dépouille une enquête, il est navrant de lire sous la plume de professeurs distingués qu'il n'est pas possible d'initier valablement les élèves de l'école secondaire à la statistique ou à l'idée de théorie mathématique, alors que tant d'expériences prouvent le contraire. Je souhaite que les résultats de ces recherches fassent l'objet d'une diffusion essentiellement plus large. On trouve dans les kiosques à journaux de merveilleuses revues consacrées aux animaux, rédigées l'une en français, l'autre en allemand, ou en anglais, en italien, etc. à partir d'une documentation unique et centralisée. N'y aurait-il pas moyen de concevoir un dispositif analogue en faveur de l'enseignement mathématique?  相似文献   

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Sans résuméConférence tenue au Congrès sur l'Intégration des enseignements scientifiques, à Varna, 11–19 Septembre 1968.  相似文献   

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Resumé Le présent article est d'abord une analyse d'un enseignement dans lequel des élèves de douze ans ont traité des problèmes de pavages polygonaux et progressé à cette occasion dans leur apprentissage de la géométrie plane. L'analyse, qui a porté principalement sur les processus de pensée des élèves, aboutit à rassembler ces processus en deux catégories principales: ceux qui relèvent d'une pensée dite instantanée et qui se manifestent surtout par des constats ou des conjectures rapides, et ceux qui sont plutôt discursifs et apparaissent principalement dans les activités de dessin et l'argumentation des preuves.Cet article contient aussi une comparaison de l'enseignement mentionné ci-dessus avec celui réalisé par D. van Hiele sur le même thème et analysé dans sa thèse de doctorat (1957).
Forms of mathematical thought of twelve years old students at tiling problems
The main part of this paper consists in an analysis of the activities of twelve years old students solving problems of polygonal tilings and improving on this occasion their knowledge of plane geometry. The analysis, bearing principally on the thinking processes of the students, results in a presentation of these processes in two principal categories: those which belong to what may be called the instantaneous thinking and result mainly in the perception of some simple structures or in some swift conjectures, and those which are of a more discursive nature and appear mainly in the drawing activities and in the argumentation of the proofs.This paper contains also a comparison of the above mentioned teaching with the analogous one organized on the same theme (tilings of the plane) by D. van Hiele, and analysed in her Ph.D. (1957).
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As a first step of a project on learning difficulties in elementary set theory, we carried out a study aimed at identifying some of the difficulties encountered by a group of 21 mathematics majors taking a course on logic and set theory. In this paper, we shall discuss one of the difficulties that we observed, namely a difficulty in conceiving a set as an object distinct from its elements, i.e. failing to fully grant sets the status of objects. This difficulty may be related to the following three types of errors that we observed in the students' first assignment: (1) confusing belonging and inclusion, (2) confusing the union of sets A, B, C, ... with the set whose elements are A, B, C, … and (3) adding or deleting curly brackets. We shall present excerpts from the students' work illustrating these three types of errors and explain how they may be related to a difficulty in conceiving a set as an object distinct from its elements.  相似文献   

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In this paper we tackle the issue of an eventual stability of teachers’ activity in the classroom. First we explain what kind of stability is searched and how we look for the chosen characteristics: we analyse the mathematical activity the teacher organises for students during classroom sessions and the way he manages the relationship between students and mathematical tasks. We analyse three one-hour sessions for different groups of 11 year old students on the same content and with the same teacher, and two other sessions for 14 year old and 15 year old students, on analogous contents, with the same teacher (another one). Actually it appears in these two examples that the main stabilities are tied with the precise management of the tasks, at a scale of some minutes, and with some subtle characteristic touches of the teacher’s discourse. We present then a discussion and suggest some inferences of these results.
J. RogalskiEmail:
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The author analyses two experiments with alternative forms of training of teachers of modem languages, carried out in Greece in 1982 to 1985. Examining first the ideology of training, she first calls in question some basic assumptions concerning teacher models and the processes of training, which risk perpetuating traditional, teacher‐taught, attitudes. The concept of training is set against that of teacher autonomy; the rigidity suggested by ‘training’, it is suggested, can be counter‐productive. The approach adopted in the experiments described has been that of maximising autonomy.

The first experiment extended over three years, commencing 1982. It aimed at reestablishing the theory‐practice link, in the hope of bringing into being a ‘teacher‐researcher’. The strategies adopted are described, with an emphasis on the multiplier effect of the first group on return to their schools, and with a subsequent extension to initial training as well as in‐service. Despite difficulties, positive results were achieved.

The second experiment commenced in 1983 and drew upon the existing project. It aimed at the production of new curricula and evaluation methods, and upon new curriculum materials. Teachers were actively involved in the process, their involvement being essential in the eyes of the project team. The experience was highly innovatory, leading to a complete restructuring of class activities and to the emergence of new pupil‐teacher relationships, and of a new learning transaction.  相似文献   


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This article presents the method used to study examination papers written by young pupils. This sort of pupils’ work can give information on who are involved in examinations.

‐ The pupils: what they learn in history and how they produce answers;

‐ The teachers: what they teach in their class and how;

‐ The juries: how they assess by means of a grade the minimum knowledge of most of the pupils who are to leave school.

The problem here is to follow the route from laws and decrees to real teachers and real pupils. Therefore, this research relies on source material such as annual primary inspector reports, annual local teachers’ meetings with model lessons, and, above all, examination papers. For this last source, a popular examination in France at that time was used: the Certificat d'Etudes, which was given at the end of the primary curriculum for 13‐year‐old pupils. By chance, the Departmental Archives of the Somme region still has 4058 history test examination papers from 1918 to 1926.  相似文献   

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