"国际汉语教师中国志愿者计划"志愿者语言习得理念纵深式个案调查

本研究运用“语言习得理念分类详表”，个案追踪一期接受“国际汉语教师中刚志愿者计划”培训的志愿者语言习得理念的变化，并与有经验的对外汉语教师的二语习得理念进行异同比较。研究发现志愿者习得理念总体并无明显变化，而且与有经验教师存在较一致的共识，某些具体理念变化也表明他们正逐渐向有经验教师所持有的理念靠拢。本研究分析了这一现象的原因，指出今后应关注志愿者不同教育背景、经历和心理认知所带来的不同语言习得理念及其影响，并通过强化培训，帮助他们尽量消弭错误理念所引起的不良影响。     

Heterogeneity Analysis on the Influence of the Supply of Teachers on the Academic Performance of 15-Year-Old Students: Based on PISA 2018 Samples from Four Provinces and Municipalities in China

The quantitative and qualitative supply of teachers has a significant influence on student academic performance. Based on the samples collected from four provinces and municipalities in China for the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018, this study analyzes the effects of the supply of teachers on the academic performance of 15-year-old students through a hierarchical linear model (HLM) as well as a quantile regression model. The study has found that the shortage of teachers and the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree significantly affect student academic performance, and the supply of teachers with higher degrees has a decreasing marginal benefit on student academic performance; its best marginal benefit on student academic performance is achieved when the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree reaches about 75%. For students in different academic performance subgroups, the marginal benefit of an increase in the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree in schools is higher for “top students” than for “students with learning difficulties.” In terms of the difference between urban and rural areas, the shortage of teachers in rural schools is more prominent than that in urban schools, and teachers with higher degrees tend to cluster in core cities. The marginal benefit of an increase in the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree is higher for improving student academic performance in rural areas. Therefore, it is recommended to design a policy of differentiated compensatory earnings for rural teachers, and efforts should be enhanced to promote programs for supporting high-quality teachers. In addition, the allocation of teachers should follow the principle of “differentiated equity,” and more differentiated teaching strategies should be adopted for students with different academic abilities.